Tentang Gerund vs Infinitive

Gerund (verb+ing) dan infinitive (to+verb) sama-sama merupakan verbal yang dapat
berfungsi sebagai noun. Keduanya dapat berfungsi sebagai subject, object, dan noun
complement di dalam suatu kalimat. Yang menjadi permasalahan adalah kapan harus
menggunakan gerund dan kapan harus menggunakan infinitive.
Penggunaan Gerund dan Infinitive
Penjelasan mengenai penggunaan gerund dan infinitive beserta beberapa contohnya adalah
sebagai berikut.
Posisi Penjelasan Contoh
Subject of a
sentence
Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai subject of
a sentence.
Walking on the beach may be
fun.
To walk on the beach may be
fun.
Subject
complement
Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai subject
complement. Namun, gerund lebih umum
digunakan.
My goal is winning the prize.
My goal is to win the prize.
Direct object
(object of a
verb)
Keduanya dapat digunakan sebagai direct
object, namun ada ketentuan dalam
menentukan penggunaannya. Beberapa verb
hanya dapat menggunakan gerund, beberapa
menggunakan infinitive, dan beberapa yang
lain menggunakan keduanya. Penjelasan lebih
lengkap di bawah.
The man like climbing the
mountain.
The man like to climb the
mountain.
Object of a
preposition
Gerund umum menjadi object of a
preposition. Sedangkan pada infinitive, hanya
beberapa preposition, antara lain: except dan
but yang kadang-kadang diikuti infinitive.
The woman read a
book about cooking.
You have no other option but to
negotiate with you manager.
Verb yang Diikuti Gerund dan Infinitive
Beberapa verb hanya dapat menggunakan gerund, beberapa menggunakan infinitive, dan
beberapa yang lain menggunakan keduanya dengan makna yang sama maupun berbeda.
Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut.
Kondisi Verb Contoh
Diikuti
oleh
infinitive
tanpa
tambahan
agent
agree, appear, begin, care,
choose, continue, decide, forget,
happen, get, hate, learn, hope,
like, love, plan, prefer, refuse,
seem, start, try, wait, etc
She forgot to come.
butuh
tambahan
advise, allow, choose, get, help,
invite, teach, tell, etc
I told him to call you.
agent
dapat
ditambahkan
agent
(optional)
ask, beg, expect, need, prepare,
promise, want, etc
I need to know the correct
answers.
I need you to know the correct
answers.
tanpa to
feel, have, hear, help, watch,
see, etc
She heard you pass the exam.
Diikuti
oleh
gerund
tanpa
tambahan
agent
acknowledge, advise,
appreaciate, avoid, begin,
consider, continue, deny,
discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish,
forget, hate, (cannot) help,
prefer, recommend, regret,
remember, start, stop, teach,
understand, etc
She enjoys dancing.
butuh
tambahan
agent
hear, watch, see, etc I saw you throwing the food.
Diikuti
keduanya
tanpa
perbedaan
makna
begin, continue, hate, like, love,
prefer, start, etc
I continue studying.
I continue to study.
dengan
perbedaan
makna
forget, remember, stop, etc
She stopped eating chocolate.
(Dia berhenti makan coklat)
She stopped to eat chocolate.
[Dia berhenti (melakukan
kegiatan lain) untuk makan
coklat]












pengertian gerund and infinitive
Pengertian Gerund
Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja -ing ketika digunakan sebagai kata benda .
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
a) sebagai sejenis kata benda.
Gerund sebagai subjek
Learning foreign languages is hard work
Swimming is hobby

Gerund sebagai objek
Some people dont like flying
He enjoys reading novel
I finish writing letter

Gerund sebagai propositional phrase
He is good at singing
Ths land is good for farming

Gerund sebagai complement
My fathers favourite sport is playing football
Her hobby is telling story

Gerund sebagai noun modifier
The waiting room is very large
The reading books are on the table

Gerund sebagai larangan
No smoking,
No parking,
No swimming.

b) sebagai bagian kata kerja.
Karena Gerund adalah bagian kata kerja, ia dapat menggunakan objek di belakangnya.
Misalnya :
e) Objek langsung (dengan transitif) :
He is clever at teaching mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika.
f) Objek Tak Langsung (dengan transitif)
He is clever at teaching us mathematics = Ia pandai dalam mengajarkan matematika
kepada kami.
g) Objek yang tetap dipertahankan dalam kalimat pasif (Retained object)
She is pleased at being taught mathematics = Ia senang sekali terhadap matematika yang
diajarkan kepadanya.
h) Objek yang artinya mirip dengan kata kerja itu sendiri = cognate object (dengan
intransitif)
She is proud of having sung a fine song = Ia bangga akan nyanyian merdu yang telah ia
nyanyikan.
i) Objek refleksif (dengan intransitif)
She is in the habit of oversleeping herself = Kebiasaannya sendiri bangun kesiangan (tidur
terlalu lama)

The Infinitive with to
after: the first Gagarin was the first to fly in a spaceship.
the last Peter was the last to watch the film.
the next He is the next to get his passport.

after: adjectives
Im happy to be here.
Its better not to smoke.

after:
certain verbs
(agree, choose,
forget, hope, learn,
promise, regret,
want, )
I learn to drive a car.

after: question words
I dont know what to say.
Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop?

after: want/would like I want you to help me.

verb + object + to-infinitive I helped my dad to clean the car.
The Infinitive without to
after auxiliaries/modals
can He can run very fast.
could As a boy he could run very fast.
may I may fly to Africa this summer.
might I might fly to Africa this summer.
must I must go now.
mustnt You mustnt smoke here.
neednt You neednt go.
shall We shall sing a song.
should We should sing a song.
will She will cook a meal for his birthday.
would She would cook a meal for his birthday.
after to do
do I dont know.
after the following expressions:
had better You had better clean up your room.
would rather Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
would sooner I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
why not Why not ask your neighbour for help?
why should we Why should we go by car?
why should we not Why should we not go by car?
after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):
feel She feels the rain fall on her face.
hear I heard Peter sing a song.
notice Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
see They saw him climb up the roof.
watch He watched the thieves steal a car.
after let + object:
let
Sandy let her child go out alone.
Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
lets Lets go for a walk through the park.
after make + object:
make She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room