According to the WHO, low birth weight (LBW) affects 15-20% of newborns worldwide. In Mexico, the... more According to the WHO, low birth weight (LBW) affects 15-20% of newborns worldwide. In Mexico, there are no national, state, nor municipal estimates that inform the country's situation over time. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of LBW at the national, state, and municipal levels from 2008 to 2017, and to estimate the LBW incidence based on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care and marginalization indexes at the national level using open national data. We used spatial data analysis to georeferenced LBW incidence at the three levels of geographical disaggregation studied. At the national level, the incidence of LBW increased progressively from 6.2% (2008) to 7.1% (2017), and the country's capital represented the area with the highest incidence. Southeastern and central states reported the highest LBW regional incidence. At the municipal level, the number of municipalities with an incidence of LBW �8% increased in both male and female newborns. The incidence of LBW was higher as the marginalization indexes increases. The results from this study may assist in the identification of vulnerable groups and the development of public health programs and policies with an intersectoral approach that improves maternal and child nutrition.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2016
El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qu... more El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qué se entiende por oportunidades perdidas, un análisis de los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no es posible hablar de oportunidades perdidas en el mercado chino para América Latina, debido a que todos los grupos incluidos en la región presentan elasticidades de demanda de China que no son inferiores a las del resto de las regiones o grupos de países.
El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qu... more El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qué se entiende por oportunidades perdidas, un análisis de los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no es posible hablar de oportunidades perdidas en el mercado chino para América Latina, debido a que todos los grupos incluidos en la región presentan elasticidades de demanda de China que no son inferiores a las del resto de las regiones o grupos de países.
Inequality and Teenagers’ Educational Aspirations in Urban Mexico
Social Science Research Network, 2010
... ASPIRATIONS IN URBAN MEXICO Aniel Altamirano1, Luis Felipe López-Calva2, and Isidro Soloaga 3... more ... ASPIRATIONS IN URBAN MEXICO Aniel Altamirano1, Luis Felipe López-Calva2, and Isidro Soloaga 3 ... capture in the vector θ. γ (zi,zs,ze) is the conversion function which in turn is determined by vectors of personal (zi), societal (zs), and environmental (ze) factors that affect the ...
Mercosur appears as an interesting case study for analyzing the determinants of exceptions in reg... more Mercosur appears as an interesting case study for analyzing the determinants of exceptions in regional trade agreements. Its member countries—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay—intended to make Mercosur a full customs union by January 1995. This goal turned out to be too ambitious, and the Protocol of Ouro Preto and other agreements signed in December 1994 led to a hybrid solution. Overall, out of a total of 9,119 tariff lines, around 30 percent are subject, in at least one member country, to either external deviations from the common external tariff or internal deviations from free trade. Thus an important set of holes remains under the existing agreement, leading some authors to consider Mercosur an incomplete customs union. This article compares the results of the theoretical literature on endogenous tariff formation with evidence from Mercosur. The results show that Mercosur's common external tariff and member countries' deviations from it and from internal free trade can be explained by sector ...
Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin ... more Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran las siguientes: i) El crecimiento del mercado chino no fue desaprovechado por los países de América Latina; ii) A nivel agregado no se encontró que las importaciones que los socios comerciales latinoamericanos hacen de China hayan desplazado a las importaciones que éstos hacen de América Latina; iii) Sólo hay una asociación positiva entre importaciones de China y exportaciones a terceros mercados en el caso del Cono Sur.
Like the rest of Latin America, Mexico is a highly-urbanized country. Yet rural populations, geog... more Like the rest of Latin America, Mexico is a highly-urbanized country. Yet rural populations, geographies and economic activities continue to play a significant role in national development, while there are persistent and large rural-urban inequalities in well-being and opportunities. Promoting rural-urban linkages has been proposed as a strategy to reduce spatial inequalities, but there is much academic and policy debate about whether urban development has positive (spread) or negative (backwash) effects on rural development. This could translate into synergistic or predatory urban-rural linkages. This studyexamines how proximity to cities, and population and per capita income in cities, affectpopulation growth and welfare in ruralplaces in Mexico. Using data for 2000 and 2010, our findings include: (a) 75% of rural people live within 90 minutes of an urban area, and 60% within 60 minutes; (b) proximity to a city increases rural population growth and welfare; (c) adverse (backwash) effects on rural areasdue to increases in urban per capita income are very small and of no economic significance; (d) cities with populations in the 350,000 to 500,000 range appear to have more positive effects on rural areas than smaller or larger cities; (e) rural localitiesinteract with multiple urban places simultaneously.
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 8, 2007
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encoura... more The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
This paper discusses the measurement of ex-ante inequality of opportunity when the outcome is bin... more This paper discusses the measurement of ex-ante inequality of opportunity when the outcome is binary. We argue that the use of scale but not translation invariant inequality measures such as the dissimilarity index are problematic, since they rely too much on the average level of access. We propose first a decomposition of these measures in a level and a dispersion effect and second an adapted index satisfying translation invariance. In two short illustrations we show that the conclusions differ substantially between the two methods and that the appropriate between scale and translation invariant measures is crucial.
Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin ... more Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran las siguientes: i) El crecimiento del mercado chino no fue desaprovechado por los países de América Latina; ii) A nivel agregado no se encontró que las importaciones que los socios comerciales latinoamericanos hacen de China hayan desplazado a las importaciones que éstos hacen de América Latina; iii) Sólo hay una asociación positiva entre importaciones de China y exportaciones a terceros mercados en el caso del Cono Sur.
According to the WHO, low birth weight (LBW) affects 15-20% of newborns worldwide. In Mexico, the... more According to the WHO, low birth weight (LBW) affects 15-20% of newborns worldwide. In Mexico, there are no national, state, nor municipal estimates that inform the country's situation over time. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of LBW at the national, state, and municipal levels from 2008 to 2017, and to estimate the LBW incidence based on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care and marginalization indexes at the national level using open national data. We used spatial data analysis to georeferenced LBW incidence at the three levels of geographical disaggregation studied. At the national level, the incidence of LBW increased progressively from 6.2% (2008) to 7.1% (2017), and the country's capital represented the area with the highest incidence. Southeastern and central states reported the highest LBW regional incidence. At the municipal level, the number of municipalities with an incidence of LBW �8% increased in both male and female newborns. The incidence of LBW was higher as the marginalization indexes increases. The results from this study may assist in the identification of vulnerable groups and the development of public health programs and policies with an intersectoral approach that improves maternal and child nutrition.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2016
El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qu... more El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qué se entiende por oportunidades perdidas, un análisis de los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no es posible hablar de oportunidades perdidas en el mercado chino para América Latina, debido a que todos los grupos incluidos en la región presentan elasticidades de demanda de China que no son inferiores a las del resto de las regiones o grupos de países.
El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qu... more El trabajo presenta, a través de modelos gravitacionales y mediante una correcta definición de qué se entiende por oportunidades perdidas, un análisis de los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no es posible hablar de oportunidades perdidas en el mercado chino para América Latina, debido a que todos los grupos incluidos en la región presentan elasticidades de demanda de China que no son inferiores a las del resto de las regiones o grupos de países.
Inequality and Teenagers’ Educational Aspirations in Urban Mexico
Social Science Research Network, 2010
... ASPIRATIONS IN URBAN MEXICO Aniel Altamirano1, Luis Felipe López-Calva2, and Isidro Soloaga 3... more ... ASPIRATIONS IN URBAN MEXICO Aniel Altamirano1, Luis Felipe López-Calva2, and Isidro Soloaga 3 ... capture in the vector θ. γ (zi,zs,ze) is the conversion function which in turn is determined by vectors of personal (zi), societal (zs), and environmental (ze) factors that affect the ...
Mercosur appears as an interesting case study for analyzing the determinants of exceptions in reg... more Mercosur appears as an interesting case study for analyzing the determinants of exceptions in regional trade agreements. Its member countries—Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay—intended to make Mercosur a full customs union by January 1995. This goal turned out to be too ambitious, and the Protocol of Ouro Preto and other agreements signed in December 1994 led to a hybrid solution. Overall, out of a total of 9,119 tariff lines, around 30 percent are subject, in at least one member country, to either external deviations from the common external tariff or internal deviations from free trade. Thus an important set of holes remains under the existing agreement, leading some authors to consider Mercosur an incomplete customs union. This article compares the results of the theoretical literature on endogenous tariff formation with evidence from Mercosur. The results show that Mercosur's common external tariff and member countries' deviations from it and from internal free trade can be explained by sector ...
Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin ... more Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran las siguientes: i) El crecimiento del mercado chino no fue desaprovechado por los países de América Latina; ii) A nivel agregado no se encontró que las importaciones que los socios comerciales latinoamericanos hacen de China hayan desplazado a las importaciones que éstos hacen de América Latina; iii) Sólo hay una asociación positiva entre importaciones de China y exportaciones a terceros mercados en el caso del Cono Sur.
Like the rest of Latin America, Mexico is a highly-urbanized country. Yet rural populations, geog... more Like the rest of Latin America, Mexico is a highly-urbanized country. Yet rural populations, geographies and economic activities continue to play a significant role in national development, while there are persistent and large rural-urban inequalities in well-being and opportunities. Promoting rural-urban linkages has been proposed as a strategy to reduce spatial inequalities, but there is much academic and policy debate about whether urban development has positive (spread) or negative (backwash) effects on rural development. This could translate into synergistic or predatory urban-rural linkages. This studyexamines how proximity to cities, and population and per capita income in cities, affectpopulation growth and welfare in ruralplaces in Mexico. Using data for 2000 and 2010, our findings include: (a) 75% of rural people live within 90 minutes of an urban area, and 60% within 60 minutes; (b) proximity to a city increases rural population growth and welfare; (c) adverse (backwash) effects on rural areasdue to increases in urban per capita income are very small and of no economic significance; (d) cities with populations in the 350,000 to 500,000 range appear to have more positive effects on rural areas than smaller or larger cities; (e) rural localitiesinteract with multiple urban places simultaneously.
World Bank policy research working paper, Nov 8, 2007
The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encoura... more The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
This paper discusses the measurement of ex-ante inequality of opportunity when the outcome is bin... more This paper discusses the measurement of ex-ante inequality of opportunity when the outcome is binary. We argue that the use of scale but not translation invariant inequality measures such as the dissimilarity index are problematic, since they rely too much on the average level of access. We propose first a decomposition of these measures in a level and a dispersion effect and second an adapted index satisfying translation invariance. In two short illustrations we show that the conclusions differ substantially between the two methods and that the appropriate between scale and translation invariant measures is crucial.
Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin ... more Haciendo uso de modelos gravitacionales, se analizan los flujos agregados de comercio con el fin de identificar los efectos de China sobre el comercio de América Latina. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran las siguientes: i) El crecimiento del mercado chino no fue desaprovechado por los países de América Latina; ii) A nivel agregado no se encontró que las importaciones que los socios comerciales latinoamericanos hacen de China hayan desplazado a las importaciones que éstos hacen de América Latina; iii) Sólo hay una asociación positiva entre importaciones de China y exportaciones a terceros mercados en el caso del Cono Sur.
Poverty, Inequality and low Social Mobility: Teritorial trpas in Chile, Mexico and Peru, 2016
The book presents a deep analysis on the relationship of poverty, inequality and social mobility ... more The book presents a deep analysis on the relationship of poverty, inequality and social mobility from a territorial perspective. It presents quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to explore these relationships in Chile, Mexico and Peru.
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