There is an increasing need to improve value addition in order to get maximum utility from agricu... more There is an increasing need to improve value addition in order to get maximum utility from agricultural systems. Using a retrospective panel data from 482 cassava farmers covering the years 2015–2017, this study examined the effect of value addition on productivity of farmers in the cassava system in Nigeria. We analysed a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis to examine productivity across cassava production systems over the three year period. We also examined the impact of value addition on productivity using an endogenous switching regression to account for unobservables that determine the decision to add value and productivity of the farmers. The study found that cost and revenue outlays increased with value addition. Cassava farmers in general operated below the efficiency frontier, with total productivity declining over the 2015–2017 period. However, higher value addition farmers had better efficiency and non-reducing productivity in the periods studied. We found evidence o...
This paper examines the perception and adaptation to climate change by yam based farmers in Edo S... more This paper examines the perception and adaptation to climate change by yam based farmers in Edo State. The study employed primary data collected using structured questionnaire from the sampled yam based farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multinomial Logit Model. Empirical results revealed that 67.20% of farmers perceived a decrease in precipitation while 43.20% ranked the effect of decrease in precipitation as not severe on yam production in the study area. The result also showed that 72% of the farmers utilized mulching as coping strategy for climate change effect on yam production while 13% of the farmers did not apply any adaptation method. The Multinomial Logit Model revealed that age and household size influenced (p< 0.05) the probability of adopting yam varieties as coping strategy. Access to credit facilities and extension services are the determinants (p< 0.05) of adopting mulching as coping strategy. It is recommended that s...
This study examined the adoption of improved post-harvest technology for cassava processing and i... more This study examined the adoption of improved post-harvest technology for cassava processing and its impacts on welfare of Smallholder cassava starch processors. The study relied mainly on cross-sectional data collected through a survey conducted in the forest and guinea savanna zones of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample frame of five hundred and seventy (570) cassava starch processors. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, logit model and the propensity score matching method. Smallholder cassava starch processing in Nigeria is mostly a female enterprise. The average age of the processors was 48 years, with an average household size of six. The decision to use improved technology is explained by number of income earners in the household, years of processing experience, cost of acquiring technology and the capacity of technology. This study found a positive and significant impact of improved post-harvest technology on output and income...
This paper investigated the response of urban household to changing food demand pattern in Nigeri... more This paper investigated the response of urban household to changing food demand pattern in Nigeria. The extent of urbanisation generated through urbanicity index using principal component analysis revealed that about 46.2% of households were in the middle urban category. Household food demand was estimated based on demand theory, using quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS). Across urban categories, all six food groups investigated were found to be normal goods but with varying magnitude. The findings indicated a rising trend in demand for food with different levels of processing as income increases. All the food groups considered were own-price inelastic while households in the low urban category appear more expenditure and price sensitive compared to other categories. Relevant policy interventions that aim at transforming the agrifood structure were identified.
The present study analysed the technical efficiency and technological gaps (TGR/MTR) in three maj... more The present study analysed the technical efficiency and technological gaps (TGR/MTR) in three major beef cattle production systems in Nigeria, using the stochastic metafrontier approach. The usual methods of dealing with technological differences makes it difficult to separate "technology gaps" from technical inefficiency within a given system, hence the need for an analytical framework such as metafrontier which allows us to distinguish between the two. Results show that technical inefficiency exists in the three production systems but the ranching system is more efficient, in that it has a higher MTR. The average pooled technical efficiency TE with respect to the metafrontier was estimated to be 0.56; this suggests that there is scope to improve beef output in Nigeria by up to 44% of the total potential, giving existing technologies and inputs.
This paper set out to empirically evaluate the effect of deposit money banks' credit on the p... more This paper set out to empirically evaluate the effect of deposit money banks' credit on the performance of MSMEs in Nigeria, with the aid of a vector autoregression and error correction mechanism (ECM) technique. Results of the empirical investigation confirmed credit had a positive effect on GDP of MSMEs in Nigeria as the coefficient of CAM (credit to MSMEs) was positive (1.0569) and significant at 1.0 per cent level. It was, therefore, recommended that every effort should be made to improve access to credit by MSMEs, so that they could play their potential roles of employment generation and wealth creation and move the majority of the entrepreneurs out of poverty.
10-part Global Development Network (GDN) Agriculture Policy Series for its project, ‘Supporting P... more 10-part Global Development Network (GDN) Agriculture Policy Series for its project, ‘Supporting Policy Research to Inform Agricultural Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia’. It is based on a longer synthesis paper, Long-term challenges to food security and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa, which draws on extensive published and unpublished research. The full paper can be downloaded at: www.agripolicyoutreach.org
An Assessment of the use of Postharvest loss Prevention Technologies for Cassava in Nigeria. Oyer... more An Assessment of the use of Postharvest loss Prevention Technologies for Cassava in Nigeria. Oyeronke Adejumo*, Adebayo Abass , Victor Okoruwa and Kabir Salman University of Ibadan; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Abstract Food Security remains a major issue in the world today especially in developing countries. Availability and access to food are negatively affected by many factors, prominent of which is post-harvest loss. Minimizing post-harvest losses is thus a critical agricultural problem. Cassava, an important staple food and income earner in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa, is a perishable crop. Improved harvesting, better postharvest handling and optimized processing technologies are crucial for improving supply of cassava-based foods and income to smallholder processors. This study was carried out to examine the factors influencing the choice of post-harvest technologies used by cassava processors in the study area and assess the impact of improved te...
This study assessed the influence of government intervention through the Millennium Village Commi... more This study assessed the influence of government intervention through the Millennium Village Commission Programme (MVCP) on sugarcane production in Jigawa state. The data was collected from 120 farmers benefitting from MVCP and 160 not benefitting. Descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and logit regression were used to analyze data. Result showed that respondents have low education but relatively good experience in the cultivation of sugarcane. Most farmers not participating in MVCP did not participate in Community Based Organizations (CBO). However, most of the farmers have access to extension service. The farmers who participated in MVCP earned significantly higher net farm income. Factors influencing participation were farmers’ farming experience, educational level, perception of the programme, previous participation in government programme and membership of a CBO. The study recommends that the MVCP is laudable but for it to have its full impact, participation must be increa...
Nigeria’s rice trade has been characterized by intermittent shifts between protectionist and libe... more Nigeria’s rice trade has been characterized by intermittent shifts between protectionist and liberalization trade policies over the years and little is known about the effects of these reforms on the entire economy. Past studies on Nigeria have only assessed the policies within the partial equilibrium framework. This study uses a static computable general equilibrium model to assess the effect of protectionist policy of 80% tariff increase and liberalization policy of 5% tariff reduction on production sectors, macroeconomic aggregates and households’ welfare in Nigeria. Simulation results reveal that output in the rice and other agriculture sectors increased more, by about 1%, under the liberalized policy than protectionist policy. Manufacturing and services sector increased in labor, composite price and returns to capital by less than 1% while the same fell under the protectionist policy. Almost all macroeconomic aggregates fell under both policies but with a greater magnitude unde...
This study assesses the competitiveness and comparative advantage of the major beef cattle produc... more This study assesses the competitiveness and comparative advantage of the major beef cattle production systems in Nigeria, using the policy analysis matrix (PAM) on a sample of 339 farmers. Results of the PAM revealed that all the production systems are competitive, given their level of technology, input and output prices. The financial cost benefit ratio (FCBR) of less than one revealed that financial profit (FP) was maintained in all the production systems; however, the ranching system was the most competitive in terms of FP as well as the FCBR, which was found to be 0.064. Social profitability (SP), domestic resource cost (DRC) and social cost benefit ratio (SCBR) of less than one also suggest that Nigeria has comparative advantage in producing beef cattle within the three production systems. Sensitivity analyses showed that a 20 percent increase in freight on board (FOB) and a 20 percent depreciation of the domestic currency will increase competitiveness and comparative advantage...
The study examined poverty level among farmers in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stag... more The study examined poverty level among farmers in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in collecting data from 180 farming households during the rainy and dry season. The analysis shows that the incidence of poverty is 32.7% and 40.6% during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Poverty rate is higher among older farmers with low level of education who are subsistence farmers with large members and who had no access to food preparation and modern farming technology. Poverty indices are higher during dry season than rainy season. To reduce poverty among farmers, farming households should be targeted with education, birth-control programme, time saving technology and cash transfer programs to bridge the dry season consumption deficit.
This study engaged both Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analyses in estimating technical... more This study engaged both Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analyses in estimating technical efficiency and productivity growth respectively among rice farmers in Nigeria. The underlying data for the study were derived from the households’ panel survey conducted by NISER in collaboration with Lund University, Sweden under the African Food Crisis studies carried out in 2002 and 2007, respectively. The Stochastic frontier t technical efficiency analysis showed that all coefficients of the explanatory variables were significant between 1 and 5% but elasticity estimates showed the inelasticity of output with respect to land, labour, seed and fertiliser and a high gamma value of 0.835, signifying that much of the variation in the composite error term was due to inefficiency. The mean technical efficiency of the farmers under the assumption of constant returns to scale were estimated to be 0.66 and 0.53 respectively for periods 1 and 2 which indicated that the farmers fell short of t...
Les moteurs de l'efficacite technique dans la transformation du manioc au Nigeria : implicati... more Les moteurs de l'efficacite technique dans la transformation du manioc au Nigeria : implications pour une commercialisation du secteur alimentaire La plupart des politiques agricoles au Nigeria ont pour objectif d’integrer les petits agriculteurs dans l'economie de marche. Au cours de la derniere decennie, le Nigeria a connu un important apport de capitaux prives et publics dans la promotion des unites de transformation du manioc de petite echelle. Cette etude utilise la fonction de frontiere stochastique et des donnees d’entrees/sorties pour mesurer et expliquer les efficacites techniques (ET) de 274 entreprises de petite et moyenne taille. L'etude a montre que les entreprises de transformation du manioc ont une efficacite technique moyenne de 43% t, indiquant qu'une tres grande proportion de la valeur de la production (57%) est perdue en raison des inefficacites propres aux entreprises. Les entreprises de transformation de la zone du Centre-Nord ont enregistre l’ef...
The study employed the Johansen (1988) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate maximum ... more The study employed the Johansen (1988) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate maximum likelihood method within a Vector Autoregressive framework to explore the impact of structural reforms on the level of real output in Nigeria. We fit the equation separately for two sub-samples, the pre-reform and the market-reform periods, to enable comparisons of the outcomes under alternative policy regimes. We further estimate the model using data that covered the entire sample period to evaluate the total effects and include a dummy variable to capture the impact of the policy shift. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables. Various diagnostic tests conducted confirmed the robustness of the results. The Chow Breakpoint test rejected the null hypothesis, which states that the real output function remained the same before and after structural reforms. The results of our parsimonious models suggest that real exchan...
Credit constraint occurs when a farmer cannot increase expenditure on inputs in order to maximize... more Credit constraint occurs when a farmer cannot increase expenditure on inputs in order to maximize profit due to lack of farm credit or high cost of credit. Farming households are confronted with credit constraint that results in low crop output and profit. Using a non-parametric measure of efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis Programme (DEAP) and a credit-constrained profit function, this study analyses the presence and effect of credit constraint on the profit maximization objective of rice farmers in a 2009 survey conducted in Niger State, Northwestern Nigeria. The differences between profit functions with and without a credit constraint gave a measure of the effect of credit constraint on profit. Results showed that most rice farmers (67.5%) were credit constrained. Credit-unconstrained rice farmers (CUF) that used formal credit spent N23,583.87±8662.18/ha and N11,806.45±6927.71/ha respectively on fertilizer and herbicides as compared to N16,675.00±9627.48/ha and N7,591.18±7...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The paradigm shift from value chains to value webs in the emerging bioeconomy has necessitated a ... more The paradigm shift from value chains to value webs in the emerging bioeconomy has necessitated a review on how agricultural systems transit to value web production systems. This study examines how smallholders in the cassava system in Nigeria have been able to increase utilization of biomass in their production systems. Using a sample of 541 households, the study employed cluster analysis and ordered probit regression to examine the intensity of cassava utilization and the determinants of the intensity of utilization. The study found that over 50% of the respondents were classified as low-intensity utilization households, while ~13% were high-intensity utilization households. Land, social capital, farming experience, and asset ownership increased the probability of intensifying cassava utilization among smallholders. The study recommends strengthening assets acquisition, improving land quality and encouraging social capital development among smallholders.
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2015
This paper evaluates the ex post impact of farmers' adoption of Root and Tubers Expansion Program... more This paper evaluates the ex post impact of farmers' adoption of Root and Tubers Expansion Program (RTEP) on yield, crop income and poverty in rural Nigeria by means of primary data collected from 161 households in 3 local government areas in South West Nigeria. Using FGT poverty measures and propensity score matching techniques the study found that poverty incidence is higher by about 23% among non beneficiaries than among the beneficiaries of RTEP. Net yield per hectare increased by a range of about 13.00 to 18.52 metric tons while net crop income per hectare increased by a range of about ₦39,705 to ₦42,133 ($198-211) thus, reducing poverty by about 5 to 20%. The factors that positively influenced the probability of adoption of RTEP were: years of education, social capital, farm size and access to improved planting materials while planting of two or three root crops negatively influenced the probability of adoption of RTEP. Therefore, policy options that favor increased education, farmer group membership and access to improved inputs are recommended to encourage RTEP adoption and further reduce poverty among farmers.
There is an increasing need to improve value addition in order to get maximum utility from agricu... more There is an increasing need to improve value addition in order to get maximum utility from agricultural systems. Using a retrospective panel data from 482 cassava farmers covering the years 2015–2017, this study examined the effect of value addition on productivity of farmers in the cassava system in Nigeria. We analysed a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis to examine productivity across cassava production systems over the three year period. We also examined the impact of value addition on productivity using an endogenous switching regression to account for unobservables that determine the decision to add value and productivity of the farmers. The study found that cost and revenue outlays increased with value addition. Cassava farmers in general operated below the efficiency frontier, with total productivity declining over the 2015–2017 period. However, higher value addition farmers had better efficiency and non-reducing productivity in the periods studied. We found evidence o...
This paper examines the perception and adaptation to climate change by yam based farmers in Edo S... more This paper examines the perception and adaptation to climate change by yam based farmers in Edo State. The study employed primary data collected using structured questionnaire from the sampled yam based farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Multinomial Logit Model. Empirical results revealed that 67.20% of farmers perceived a decrease in precipitation while 43.20% ranked the effect of decrease in precipitation as not severe on yam production in the study area. The result also showed that 72% of the farmers utilized mulching as coping strategy for climate change effect on yam production while 13% of the farmers did not apply any adaptation method. The Multinomial Logit Model revealed that age and household size influenced (p< 0.05) the probability of adopting yam varieties as coping strategy. Access to credit facilities and extension services are the determinants (p< 0.05) of adopting mulching as coping strategy. It is recommended that s...
This study examined the adoption of improved post-harvest technology for cassava processing and i... more This study examined the adoption of improved post-harvest technology for cassava processing and its impacts on welfare of Smallholder cassava starch processors. The study relied mainly on cross-sectional data collected through a survey conducted in the forest and guinea savanna zones of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample frame of five hundred and seventy (570) cassava starch processors. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, logit model and the propensity score matching method. Smallholder cassava starch processing in Nigeria is mostly a female enterprise. The average age of the processors was 48 years, with an average household size of six. The decision to use improved technology is explained by number of income earners in the household, years of processing experience, cost of acquiring technology and the capacity of technology. This study found a positive and significant impact of improved post-harvest technology on output and income...
This paper investigated the response of urban household to changing food demand pattern in Nigeri... more This paper investigated the response of urban household to changing food demand pattern in Nigeria. The extent of urbanisation generated through urbanicity index using principal component analysis revealed that about 46.2% of households were in the middle urban category. Household food demand was estimated based on demand theory, using quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS). Across urban categories, all six food groups investigated were found to be normal goods but with varying magnitude. The findings indicated a rising trend in demand for food with different levels of processing as income increases. All the food groups considered were own-price inelastic while households in the low urban category appear more expenditure and price sensitive compared to other categories. Relevant policy interventions that aim at transforming the agrifood structure were identified.
The present study analysed the technical efficiency and technological gaps (TGR/MTR) in three maj... more The present study analysed the technical efficiency and technological gaps (TGR/MTR) in three major beef cattle production systems in Nigeria, using the stochastic metafrontier approach. The usual methods of dealing with technological differences makes it difficult to separate "technology gaps" from technical inefficiency within a given system, hence the need for an analytical framework such as metafrontier which allows us to distinguish between the two. Results show that technical inefficiency exists in the three production systems but the ranching system is more efficient, in that it has a higher MTR. The average pooled technical efficiency TE with respect to the metafrontier was estimated to be 0.56; this suggests that there is scope to improve beef output in Nigeria by up to 44% of the total potential, giving existing technologies and inputs.
This paper set out to empirically evaluate the effect of deposit money banks' credit on the p... more This paper set out to empirically evaluate the effect of deposit money banks' credit on the performance of MSMEs in Nigeria, with the aid of a vector autoregression and error correction mechanism (ECM) technique. Results of the empirical investigation confirmed credit had a positive effect on GDP of MSMEs in Nigeria as the coefficient of CAM (credit to MSMEs) was positive (1.0569) and significant at 1.0 per cent level. It was, therefore, recommended that every effort should be made to improve access to credit by MSMEs, so that they could play their potential roles of employment generation and wealth creation and move the majority of the entrepreneurs out of poverty.
10-part Global Development Network (GDN) Agriculture Policy Series for its project, ‘Supporting P... more 10-part Global Development Network (GDN) Agriculture Policy Series for its project, ‘Supporting Policy Research to Inform Agricultural Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia’. It is based on a longer synthesis paper, Long-term challenges to food security and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa, which draws on extensive published and unpublished research. The full paper can be downloaded at: www.agripolicyoutreach.org
An Assessment of the use of Postharvest loss Prevention Technologies for Cassava in Nigeria. Oyer... more An Assessment of the use of Postharvest loss Prevention Technologies for Cassava in Nigeria. Oyeronke Adejumo*, Adebayo Abass , Victor Okoruwa and Kabir Salman University of Ibadan; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Abstract Food Security remains a major issue in the world today especially in developing countries. Availability and access to food are negatively affected by many factors, prominent of which is post-harvest loss. Minimizing post-harvest losses is thus a critical agricultural problem. Cassava, an important staple food and income earner in Nigeria and other parts of West Africa, is a perishable crop. Improved harvesting, better postharvest handling and optimized processing technologies are crucial for improving supply of cassava-based foods and income to smallholder processors. This study was carried out to examine the factors influencing the choice of post-harvest technologies used by cassava processors in the study area and assess the impact of improved te...
This study assessed the influence of government intervention through the Millennium Village Commi... more This study assessed the influence of government intervention through the Millennium Village Commission Programme (MVCP) on sugarcane production in Jigawa state. The data was collected from 120 farmers benefitting from MVCP and 160 not benefitting. Descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and logit regression were used to analyze data. Result showed that respondents have low education but relatively good experience in the cultivation of sugarcane. Most farmers not participating in MVCP did not participate in Community Based Organizations (CBO). However, most of the farmers have access to extension service. The farmers who participated in MVCP earned significantly higher net farm income. Factors influencing participation were farmers’ farming experience, educational level, perception of the programme, previous participation in government programme and membership of a CBO. The study recommends that the MVCP is laudable but for it to have its full impact, participation must be increa...
Nigeria’s rice trade has been characterized by intermittent shifts between protectionist and libe... more Nigeria’s rice trade has been characterized by intermittent shifts between protectionist and liberalization trade policies over the years and little is known about the effects of these reforms on the entire economy. Past studies on Nigeria have only assessed the policies within the partial equilibrium framework. This study uses a static computable general equilibrium model to assess the effect of protectionist policy of 80% tariff increase and liberalization policy of 5% tariff reduction on production sectors, macroeconomic aggregates and households’ welfare in Nigeria. Simulation results reveal that output in the rice and other agriculture sectors increased more, by about 1%, under the liberalized policy than protectionist policy. Manufacturing and services sector increased in labor, composite price and returns to capital by less than 1% while the same fell under the protectionist policy. Almost all macroeconomic aggregates fell under both policies but with a greater magnitude unde...
This study assesses the competitiveness and comparative advantage of the major beef cattle produc... more This study assesses the competitiveness and comparative advantage of the major beef cattle production systems in Nigeria, using the policy analysis matrix (PAM) on a sample of 339 farmers. Results of the PAM revealed that all the production systems are competitive, given their level of technology, input and output prices. The financial cost benefit ratio (FCBR) of less than one revealed that financial profit (FP) was maintained in all the production systems; however, the ranching system was the most competitive in terms of FP as well as the FCBR, which was found to be 0.064. Social profitability (SP), domestic resource cost (DRC) and social cost benefit ratio (SCBR) of less than one also suggest that Nigeria has comparative advantage in producing beef cattle within the three production systems. Sensitivity analyses showed that a 20 percent increase in freight on board (FOB) and a 20 percent depreciation of the domestic currency will increase competitiveness and comparative advantage...
The study examined poverty level among farmers in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stag... more The study examined poverty level among farmers in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in collecting data from 180 farming households during the rainy and dry season. The analysis shows that the incidence of poverty is 32.7% and 40.6% during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Poverty rate is higher among older farmers with low level of education who are subsistence farmers with large members and who had no access to food preparation and modern farming technology. Poverty indices are higher during dry season than rainy season. To reduce poverty among farmers, farming households should be targeted with education, birth-control programme, time saving technology and cash transfer programs to bridge the dry season consumption deficit.
This study engaged both Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analyses in estimating technical... more This study engaged both Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analyses in estimating technical efficiency and productivity growth respectively among rice farmers in Nigeria. The underlying data for the study were derived from the households’ panel survey conducted by NISER in collaboration with Lund University, Sweden under the African Food Crisis studies carried out in 2002 and 2007, respectively. The Stochastic frontier t technical efficiency analysis showed that all coefficients of the explanatory variables were significant between 1 and 5% but elasticity estimates showed the inelasticity of output with respect to land, labour, seed and fertiliser and a high gamma value of 0.835, signifying that much of the variation in the composite error term was due to inefficiency. The mean technical efficiency of the farmers under the assumption of constant returns to scale were estimated to be 0.66 and 0.53 respectively for periods 1 and 2 which indicated that the farmers fell short of t...
Les moteurs de l'efficacite technique dans la transformation du manioc au Nigeria : implicati... more Les moteurs de l'efficacite technique dans la transformation du manioc au Nigeria : implications pour une commercialisation du secteur alimentaire La plupart des politiques agricoles au Nigeria ont pour objectif d’integrer les petits agriculteurs dans l'economie de marche. Au cours de la derniere decennie, le Nigeria a connu un important apport de capitaux prives et publics dans la promotion des unites de transformation du manioc de petite echelle. Cette etude utilise la fonction de frontiere stochastique et des donnees d’entrees/sorties pour mesurer et expliquer les efficacites techniques (ET) de 274 entreprises de petite et moyenne taille. L'etude a montre que les entreprises de transformation du manioc ont une efficacite technique moyenne de 43% t, indiquant qu'une tres grande proportion de la valeur de la production (57%) est perdue en raison des inefficacites propres aux entreprises. Les entreprises de transformation de la zone du Centre-Nord ont enregistre l’ef...
The study employed the Johansen (1988) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate maximum ... more The study employed the Johansen (1988) and the Johansen and Juselius (1990) multivariate maximum likelihood method within a Vector Autoregressive framework to explore the impact of structural reforms on the level of real output in Nigeria. We fit the equation separately for two sub-samples, the pre-reform and the market-reform periods, to enable comparisons of the outcomes under alternative policy regimes. We further estimate the model using data that covered the entire sample period to evaluate the total effects and include a dummy variable to capture the impact of the policy shift. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables. Various diagnostic tests conducted confirmed the robustness of the results. The Chow Breakpoint test rejected the null hypothesis, which states that the real output function remained the same before and after structural reforms. The results of our parsimonious models suggest that real exchan...
Credit constraint occurs when a farmer cannot increase expenditure on inputs in order to maximize... more Credit constraint occurs when a farmer cannot increase expenditure on inputs in order to maximize profit due to lack of farm credit or high cost of credit. Farming households are confronted with credit constraint that results in low crop output and profit. Using a non-parametric measure of efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis Programme (DEAP) and a credit-constrained profit function, this study analyses the presence and effect of credit constraint on the profit maximization objective of rice farmers in a 2009 survey conducted in Niger State, Northwestern Nigeria. The differences between profit functions with and without a credit constraint gave a measure of the effect of credit constraint on profit. Results showed that most rice farmers (67.5%) were credit constrained. Credit-unconstrained rice farmers (CUF) that used formal credit spent N23,583.87±8662.18/ha and N11,806.45±6927.71/ha respectively on fertilizer and herbicides as compared to N16,675.00±9627.48/ha and N7,591.18±7...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The paradigm shift from value chains to value webs in the emerging bioeconomy has necessitated a ... more The paradigm shift from value chains to value webs in the emerging bioeconomy has necessitated a review on how agricultural systems transit to value web production systems. This study examines how smallholders in the cassava system in Nigeria have been able to increase utilization of biomass in their production systems. Using a sample of 541 households, the study employed cluster analysis and ordered probit regression to examine the intensity of cassava utilization and the determinants of the intensity of utilization. The study found that over 50% of the respondents were classified as low-intensity utilization households, while ~13% were high-intensity utilization households. Land, social capital, farming experience, and asset ownership increased the probability of intensifying cassava utilization among smallholders. The study recommends strengthening assets acquisition, improving land quality and encouraging social capital development among smallholders.
Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2015
This paper evaluates the ex post impact of farmers' adoption of Root and Tubers Expansion Program... more This paper evaluates the ex post impact of farmers' adoption of Root and Tubers Expansion Program (RTEP) on yield, crop income and poverty in rural Nigeria by means of primary data collected from 161 households in 3 local government areas in South West Nigeria. Using FGT poverty measures and propensity score matching techniques the study found that poverty incidence is higher by about 23% among non beneficiaries than among the beneficiaries of RTEP. Net yield per hectare increased by a range of about 13.00 to 18.52 metric tons while net crop income per hectare increased by a range of about ₦39,705 to ₦42,133 ($198-211) thus, reducing poverty by about 5 to 20%. The factors that positively influenced the probability of adoption of RTEP were: years of education, social capital, farm size and access to improved planting materials while planting of two or three root crops negatively influenced the probability of adoption of RTEP. Therefore, policy options that favor increased education, farmer group membership and access to improved inputs are recommended to encourage RTEP adoption and further reduce poverty among farmers.
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