Fishery Engineering

Darabgerd that, somehow, may be considered as the initial capital of Sasanian Kingdom, could most probably be counted as the first experience of establishment of a city with circular plan, in the sought of Iran. The example which has later been imitated in the city of Ardashir Khure.

Darabgird is one of the ancient cities in Fars province. According to Iranian mythology, Darab Shah (Dariush, the Great) found the city in the Achaemenid period. But, due to the fact that 1.21% of total ceramics gathered from the city belongs to the Parthian era, we can accept that the city remained in use since Parthian period to the Islamic era. Data analysis shows that the city had a strong and intensive settlement during Sasanians, After the Arab conquest and the collapse of Pars province, some changes occurred in the function of urban spaces. Accordingly, the main settlement shifted to the north of the city. Apparently, the southern half of the city was abandoned in Islamic era. Finally, according to some other early Islamic cities, apparently in this period, the main settlement of the city shifted to outside of Sasanian city (in this case, north of the Sasanian fortifications) and we should survey this area to discover available evidences of this period. Unfortunately, this area is presently being used for agricultural purposes.

‫كه‬ ‫است‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫این‬ ‫متذهبی،‬ ‫ارزشمند‬ ‫در‬ ‫تتاریخ‬ 15 ‫آرر‬ ‫ماه‬ 1014 ‫شتمار‬ ‫ریل‬ ‫خورشیدی،‬ ‫ة‬ 221 ‫فهرستت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ایتران‬ ‫ملی‬ ‫آثار‬ ‫بته‬ ‫ثبتت‬ ‫رستیده‬ ‫استت‬ ( ‫مصتطفوی،‬ 1015 ‫ص‬ ، 12 ) . ‫از‬ ‫تعتتتدادی‬ ‫صتتتری‬ ‫اظهتتتارات‬ ‫علیتتترغم‬ ‫باستان‬ ‫اینکته‬ ‫بر‬ ‫مبنی‬ ‫مورخین‬ ‫و‬ ‫شناسان‬ ‫ایتن‬ ‫بنتا‬ ‫در‬ ‫نظیتر‬ ‫دیگتر‬ ‫تعدادی‬ ‫بوده،‬ ‫ساسانی‬ ‫آتشگاه‬ ‫ی‬ ‫اصل‬ ‫دارن‬ ‫عقیده‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫هوف‬ ‫پروفسور‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫این‬ ‫كه‬ ‫د‬ ‫از‬ ‫بته‬ ‫ابتدا‬ ‫گردیتده‬ ‫احداث‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫استت‬ ( ‫هتوف‬ ، 1014 ، ‫ص‬ 411 ) . ‫عملکترد‬ ‫خصتوص‬ ‫در‬ ‫پرستش‬ ‫این،‬ ‫بر‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫است‬ ‫باقی‬ ‫خود‬ ‫قوت‬ ‫به‬ ‫هنوز‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫اصلی‬ . ‫عمتدة‬ ‫مسئلة‬ ‫كه‬ ‫است‬ ‫آن‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫با‬ ‫توجته‬ ‫با‬ ‫آن،‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫آتشگاه‬ ‫فرض‬ ‫دارابگرد،‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫از‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫این‬ ‫مکانی‬ ‫فاصلة‬ ‫به‬ ‫تغییر‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫و‬ ‫كاربری‬ ‫متورد‬ ‫مسجد،‬ ‫به‬ ‫شدن‬ ‫تبدیل‬ ‫استتفادة‬ ‫چته‬ ‫مردمانی‬ ‫گرفتته‬ ‫قترار‬ ‫؟‬ ‫آنکته‬ ‫دیگتر‬ ‫پرستش‬ ‫چگونته‬ ‫می‬ ‫حتا‬ ‫عتین‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ارزشتمند‬ ‫اثتر‬ ‫ایتن‬ ‫كاربری‬ ‫توان‬ ‫راه‬ ‫و‬ ‫نمتتود‬ ‫احیتتا‬ ‫را‬ ‫شتتهر‬ ‫از‬ ‫افتتتاده‬ ‫دور‬ ‫و‬ ‫متروكتته‬ ‫بهره‬ ‫مطلوب‬ ‫چیست؟‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫برداری‬ ‫پیشین‬ ‫ة‬ ‫تاریخی‬ ً ‫تقریبا‬ ‫اصتل‬ ‫در‬ ‫بنتا‬ ‫ایتن‬ ‫كه‬ ‫معتقدند‬ ‫مورخین‬ ‫تمامی‬ ‫آتشکده‬ ‫از‬ ‫یکی‬ ‫قریت‬ ‫كته‬ ‫بتوده‬ ‫پارس‬ ‫معروف‬ ‫های‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫اسالم‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫از‬ ‫پس‬ ‫قرن‬ ‫هفت‬ ‫منطقه‬ ، ‫ایجتاد‬ ‫با‬ ‫قبله‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫به‬ ‫محرابی‬ ، ‫تبتدیل‬ ‫مستلمانان‬ ‫عبادتگتاه‬ ‫به‬ ‫شد‬ ‫ه‬ ‫نام‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ « ‫سنگ‬ ‫مسجد‬ ‫ی‬ » ‫گردید‬ ‫معروف‬ ‫استت‬ ‫ه‬ . ‫بتن‬ ‫ستعد‬ ‫ابتوبکر‬ ‫اتابت‬ ‫امر‬ ‫به‬ ‫اقدام‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬ ‫زنگتی‬ ‫رمضان‬ 652 ‫ه‬ . ‫پذیرفتته‬ ‫صتورت‬ ‫ق‬ ( ‫طتاهری‬ ، 1011 ، ‫صص‬ 016 -015 .) ‫داده‬ ‫این‬ ‫از‬ ‫برخی‬ ‫كته‬ ‫مکتوب‬ ‫های‬ ‫شیرازی‬ -‫الرحمه‬ ‫علیه‬ -‫را‬ ‫او‬ ‫و‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫او‬ ‫عصر‬ ‫در‬ ‫نیز‬ ‫است‬ ‫گفته‬ ‫مدح‬ . ‫نتیجه،‬ ‫در‬ ‫م‬ ‫استنباط‬ ‫چنین‬ ‫ی‬ ‫كه‬ ‫گردد‬ ِ ‫اتاب‬ ‫را‬ ‫مذكور‬ ‫معبد‬ ‫فارس‬ -‫زنگتی‬ ‫بتن‬ ‫سعد‬ -‫در‬ ‫خالفت‬ ‫زمان‬ ‫ال‬ ‫نموده‬ ‫مرمت‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫ناصرلدین‬ ، ‫بر‬ ‫محرابی‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫كرده‬ ‫نقش‬ ‫آنجا‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫خلیفه‬ ‫نام‬ ‫و‬ ‫افزوده‬ ‫آن‬ . ‫در‬ ‫كه‬ ‫پرسش‬ ‫این‬ ‫به‬ ‫پاسخ‬ ‫مطالعته‬ ‫متورد‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫متور‬ ‫دارابگترد،‬ ‫شتهر‬ ‫از‬ ‫طتوالنی‬ ‫فاصتلة‬ ‫جهتت‬ ‫به‬ ‫د‬ ‫استفادة‬ ‫مردمانی‬ ‫چه‬ ‫به‬ ‫اتکا‬ ‫با‬ ‫بوده،‬ ‫و‬ ‫تتاریخی‬ ‫متون‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫بررستیهای‬ ‫در‬ ‫نگارنتدگان‬ ‫های‬ ‫باستتان‬ ‫شتناختی‬ ‫محوطه‬ ‫هتای‬ ‫پیرامتون‬ ‫كته‬ ‫گردیتد‬ ‫روشتن‬ ‫دارابگترد،‬ ‫اضمحال‬ ‫از‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫اندكی‬ ‫دیگتری‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫دارابگرد،‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫نام‬ ‫به‬ « ‫شه‬ ‫جنت‬ ‫ر‬ » ‫و‬ ‫پهنتا‬ ‫كتوه‬ ‫به‬ ‫چسبیده‬ ‫مکانی‬ ‫در‬ ‫تانی‬ ‫ساست‬ ‫تگاه‬ ‫آتشت‬ ‫تاورت‬ ‫مجت‬ ‫در‬ ‫تر‬ ‫تغییت‬ ‫تا‬ ‫بت‬ ‫و‬ ‫تداث‬ ‫احت‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫آتشگاه،‬ ‫این‬ ‫كاربری‬ ‫متردم‬ ‫عبادتگتاه‬ ‫عنتوان‬ ‫به‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫جدید‬ ‫شده‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫الحداث‬ ‫باشد‬ . ‫همتین‬ ‫به‬ ً ‫عینا‬ ‫كه‬ ‫است‬ ‫دلیل‬ ‫آبرسانی‬ ‫تأسیسات‬ ‫آسیاب‬ ، ‫ستنگی‬ ‫های‬ ‫بقایای‬ ‫و‬ ‫پروژه‬ ‫های‬ ‫ستاختمانی‬ ‫قابتل‬ ‫مکتان‬ ‫ایتن‬ ‫در‬ ‫شناسایی‬ ‫اند‬ . ‫پروژه‬ ‫تمام‬ ً ‫احتماال‬ ‫هتا‬ ‫در‬ ‫تستریع‬ ‫بترای‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫جنت‬ ‫فرهنگی‬ ‫و‬ ‫اقتصادی‬ ‫رشد‬ ‫به‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫رستیده‬ ‫باشند‬ . ‫شتهر‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫قترار‬ ‫ثقل‬ ‫مركز‬ ‫با‬ ً ‫امکانا‬ ‫روند،‬ ‫این‬ ‫كتته‬ ‫داراب‬ ‫دشتتت‬ ‫در‬ ، ‫وقتتایع‬ ‫از‬ ‫برختتی‬ ‫استتاس‬ ‫بتتر‬ ‫متی‬ ‫آغاز‬ ‫وسطا‬ ‫قرون‬ ‫در‬ ‫سریع‬ ‫خیلی‬ ‫تاریخی،‬ ‫گتردد،‬ ‫است‬ ‫رابطه‬ ‫در‬ . ‫زمان‬ ‫این‬ ‫در‬ ‫زیرا‬ ‫دایره‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫ای‬ ‫شتکل‬ ‫دارابگرد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بر‬ ، ‫ابن‬ ‫گزارش‬ ‫ساس‬ ‫متروك‬ ‫بلخی‬ ( 1061 ، ‫تص‬ ‫صت‬ 011 -011 ) ‫تتوفی‬ ‫مست‬ ‫تزارش‬ ‫گت‬ ‫تاس‬ ‫است‬ ‫تر‬ ‫بت‬ ‫و‬ ‫قزوینی‬ ‫هشتم‬ ‫قرن‬ ‫در‬ ‫ه‬ . ‫ق‬ ‫قلع‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫شتهر‬ ‫نیتز‬ ‫دارابگترد‬ ‫است‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫ویران‬ ( 1062 ‫ص‬ ، 101 ) . ‫استت‬ ‫زمانی‬ ‫این‬ ‫كه‬ ‫شهر،‬ ‫جنت‬ ‫اشتاین‬ ‫مطالعات‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫بر‬ ، ‫فاصتل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ة‬ ‫آمتدن‬ ‫وجتود‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫قدیمی‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫دایره‬ ‫شهر‬ ‫فروپاشی‬

Riparian countries of the Caspian Sea have been evaluating the pros and cons of the predatory ctenophore Beroe ovata as a control agent against the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, which has enormous adverse impacts on the fishery resources as well as on the biodiversity in this once fertile sea. To assess the viability of B. ovata establishment in the Caspian Sea, the survival and some physiological characteristics (feeding, respiration, reproduction and growth) of the predatory ctenophore were studied in Caspian Sea water (12.6 ppt salinity) conditions using animals transported from the Black and Marmara Seas to a laboratory on the Iranian Caspian coast. The findings of the study showed that when salinity was gradually decreased from 22 to 12.6 ppt, B. ovata were able to adapt well to Caspian Sea water. Most of the predatory ctenophores began to swim actively and to feed on M. leidyi within 15 to 30 min following each step of acclimation. The feeding rate of B. ovata ranged from 14 to 765% of body wet weight and was highest for smaller individuals (i.e. 13 to 16 mm). Over the measured weight range of 0.23 to 3.87 g wet wt, the weight-specific respiration rate was independent of weight. The daily specific growth rate of adult ctenophores was 7 to 11% of body wet wt. B. ovata specimens were spawned and their eggs were hatched in Caspian Sea water, but the larvae survived for only a few hours. The energy budget of B. ovata calculated from food consumption, respiration and growth rates revealed a mean assimilation efficiency of 0.72 ± 0.1, a gross growth efficiency (K 1) of 0.48 ± 0.12 and a net efficiency (K 2) of 0.66 ± 0.06. Based on these physiological data, we suggest that in the Caspian Sea, B. ovata will be able to ingest M. leidyi intensively. However, concerning the reduction of the M. leidyi population and consequently the reversal of its adverse impact on this ecosystem, the failure of larval growth observed under experimental conditions (most probably due to poor handling) remains the main obstacle to overcome in the successful establishment of B. ovata in the Caspian Sea.

Ascidians can settle and grow on corals and have become one of the main threats to hard corals in some areas of world, covering and smothering live coral tissues. We studied the biology of infestation of a solitary tunicate, Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816, on hard corals in Chabahar Bay, a subtropical bay in the northern Gulf of Oman. Infested corals were bleached and eroded at epibiont attachment surfaces. The magnitude of infestation by the tunicate differed between Pocillopora and Acropora coral colonies, with more tunicates inhabiting Pocillopora colonies. This preference of P. nigra for Pocillopora may be attributed to differences in morphology (e.g. narrower branch spaces in Pocillopora) of the coral genera. Outbreaks of ascidians on coral reefs are usually associated with anthropogenic activities. P. nigra may have more localized damaging effects on hosts, in contrast to colonial ascidians that can kill entire coral colonies. These effects may be exaggerated by non-contact effects (e.g. decreased pH).

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed kernel meal (pskm) as a supplement in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), The experiment was carried out in growth in a period of 90 days since the 12/11/2014 until the 12/03/2015 in Abzi Eksir Koesar complex , situated in south east of Tehran. 600 fingerlings with average weight of 6.74 gram and average length of 5.50 centimeter were divided to five treatments, The control group was without any pskm, and the other groups with added 1, 2, 3 and 4 percent pskm Respectively. For greater certainty each treatments had three replicates. Result indicated that pskm caused highest increased growth parameters in treatment 3 with 3 percent pskm, with other treatments and groups. growth parameters including weight with maximum of 47.74 gram , length were 15.03 centimeter ,weight gain with maximum of 41.15 gram, length increase with the maximum of 9.71 centimeter, Weight gain percentage with maxim...

Post larvae of wild and cultured spawners of the Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) were reared to market size, in commercial ponds of shrimp farming site of Helleh, in Bushehr Province, during a six months period. Environmental factors, management process and the diet used to feed shrimps were almost similar for both treatments. Averages of the weight, length, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and survival rate were measured and compared between the two treatments at harvesting time. Results indicated that, the post larvae of wild spawners had better growth, higher survival rate, and lower food conversion ratio. Weight gain of abdominal portion of the body, was higher in wild post larvae (P<0.01), which was in contrast to cephalothorax weight (P<0.01). Length-weight relationship measurements illustrated that, cultured post larvae obtained from wild spawners had similar size and were more acceptable for the market. Broodstock background could ...

Marine nematodes are the most abundant metazoans, both in species numbers and density, in a variety of marine sediments. Hitherto, there are however no published studies on marine nematofauna from the Persian Gulf area. In this study, the abundance, genus composition and biodiversity of nematodes of intertidal sandy beaches at four locations at Bandar Abbas on the northern part of the Persian Gulf, are investigated. In each sampling location, we selected three stations along a distance gradient from a local pollution source. The univariate descriptors of nematode abundance and genus diversity were analysed using ANOVA with the factor station nested in the factor location. Community composition was analysed using multivariate statistics. A total of only 39 genera belonging to 17 families were identified, which is low compared to most previous studies on beach nematofauna. There were significant and consistent differences in abundance as well as genus diversity between locations. Sedi...

In this study, surface water samples were collected monthly from five stations inclduing Nayband Bay, Assaloye, Dayer, Kabgan and Bushehr from December 2012 to June 2013. Sampling stations were chosen according to data being collected during algal bloom caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides in 2008.A total of 45 genera of phytoplankton belongs to four classes weretotally identified accounting for 53 species of Bacilariophyceae, 32 species of Dinophyceae, one genus of Euglenophyceae, and one genus of Cyanophyceae. Bacilariophyceae with 89.5% was the most abundant family followed by Dinophyceae with 9.03%, Cyanophyceae with 1.25 % and Euglenophyceae with 0.22 %, respectively.

In December 2008, we performed the firs t study on beach nematode communities in the northern part o f the Persian Gulf. We sampled four beach locations near Bandar Abbas, w ith three stations at 50-m intervals per beach along a distance gradient from local pollution sources (mostly sewage outlets). A to ta l o f 39 genera belonging to 17 fam ilies were identified. There were significant differences in abundance and genus diversity between locations as well as between stations. Sediment granulom etry correlated positively w ith genus d iversity and the location exposed to the strongest pollution input had the lowest nematode diversity. Generally, d iversity increased with increasing distance from a pollution point source, while abundance showed inconsistent station effects. In the whole study area, five genera Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Terschellingia, Promonhystera and Paramonhystera together comprised 75% o f the to ta l nematode abundance. One year later, we repeated th is sampl...

Urmia Lake is one of the two large hypersaline lakes in the world which have Artemia. It is located in northwest of Iran. Due to a decrease in water inflow and volume, the salinity of Urmia Lake has reached to more than 300 g.l-1 since 2001. The increased salinity has greatly phytoplankton genera included Bacillariophyceae (10 genera), Chlorophyceae (2 genera) and Cyanophyceae (2 genera) were identified during sampling period. The smallest average density of phytoplankton 97249 L-1 was observed in December 2005 and the greatest average density 481983 L-1 in August 2005. Dunaliella sp. composed 92.1% of the lake's phytoplankton. Statistical analysis of phytoplanktons fluctuations showed a significant difference among different months (p< 0.05).

Responsible aquaculture is a new concept in Iran but in some countries there are good historical performances. In fact this concept is as the spacial challenge for developing countries in order to improvement of aquaculturist livelihood. In bangladesh, near to 60% of the people, which the most of are villagers, live under the poor line. Developing the NGOs and their activities to reach the responsible aquaculture objectives were so effective, since this activity has been knew as profitable acuaculture and many international workshops, symposiums and conferences have been held in this regard all the world. In this project, a complex of parameters affected on preparing management of warmwater fish farms have been studied with using previous studies and experiments of different countries and executive guidelines of four modules prepared including: -Guidline of preparing of warmwater fish ponds -Guidline of water enrichment and using fertilization in warmwater fish ponds -Guidline of us...

Accurate scientific and practical plan for achieving the goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of Vision development 1404, is the infrastructure achieving sustainable development of the country. Order to achieve the above mentioned objectives and in order to the comprehensive development plans in the country, Iranian fisheries research organization adjust the fifth developing plan for support of executive related departments in country with mobilization a large number researchers consists of several working groups of ifro affiliated research centers. The fifth developing plan consist of three chapters for report of the forth developing plan and intrudction of research, construction plans and financial support (budjet) for period of 2011-2014 A.C

The Gorgan golf is one of unique ecosystem in Iran which has plenty of known and unknown ecological values. Different agents threaten this ecosystem such as severe exploitation of natural resource on human behalf. This must be restricted using an accepted programs otherwise the ecological situation of the Gorgan golf will be worsen and finally to be died. In these study biological circumstances of the golf has been investigated in order to evaluate its ecological capacity to develop a sustainable aquaculture activities. This study started from Sep, 2010 and lasted to Oct, 2011. On the basis of the results from this study, and with considerations of all environmental conditions some aquatic organisms recommended for aquaculture purposes such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Caspian sea salmon (Salmo truta caspius), sturgeons stellate (Acipenser stellatus), Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and the great sturgeon (Huso huso). The farming procedure recommended as pen culture. In t...