Hyperglycemia induced advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end product... more Hyperglycemia induced advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) activation is thought to involve in the development of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Activation of AGE-RAGE axis results in the oxidative stress and inflammation. Mangiferin is found in the bark of mango tree and is known to treat diseases owing to its various biological activities. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of mangiferin in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats. A single injection of STZ (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was injected to male albino Wistar rats to induce diabetes. After confirmation of diabetes, rats were administered vehicle (2 ml/kg; i.p.) and mangiferin (40 mg/kg; i.p.) for 28 days. On 28(th) day, left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 45 min and then reperfused for 60 min. Mangiferin treatment significantly improved cardiac function, restored antioxidant status, reduced inflammation, apopt...
Non photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased in wheat flag leaf under high light and at a temperat... more Non photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased in wheat flag leaf under high light and at a temperature 5°C higher than normal growth conditions. The accumulation of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and zeaxanthin particularly indicated pH dependent energy dissipation (qE) a major component of NPQ. Neoxanthin and zeaxanthin served important functions as an antioxidant in the lipid phase of the membrane and are likely to act as key components in the memory of the chloroplast with respect to preceding photo-oxidative stress in next generation even under low light and normal temperature conditions.
Meiotic studies and chromosome data are imperative in order to have an overall germplasm evaluati... more Meiotic studies and chromosome data are imperative in order to have an overall germplasm evaluation of a taxon. In the present effort, the meiotic study is carried out in 48 populations belonging to 26 species of Lamiaceae collected from their natural habitats in Kashmir Himalaya, which forms an important part of Northwest Himalaya. Chromosome counts in the five species viz. Dracocephalum nutans (2n = 10), Lycopus europaeus (2n = 22), Marrubium vulgare (2n = 54), Nepeta nervosa (2n = 18) and Salvia sclarea (2n = 22) are first time reported from India. Besides, 17 species are cytologically evaluated for the first time from the study area-Kashmir Himalaya. In Marrubium vulgare, hexaploid cytotype (2n = 6 × =54) is reported for the first time. Also, diploid and tetraploid cytomorphovariants are observed in Calamintha vulgaris (2n = 20, 40), Elsholtzia ciliata (2n = 16, 32) and Mentha longifolia (2n = 20, 40). Various meiotic abnormalities like chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, nonsynchronous disjunction, laggards, chromatin bridges, etc. leading to pollen abnormalities have been documented for the first time in some species. The worldwide status of chromosome number data in each genus is presented.
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB), is a partial agonist of the peroxisome pro... more Telmisartan, an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB), is a partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-␥). We investigated whether telmisartan improved the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction in diabetes partially through the PPAR-␥ pathway by assessing a variety of indices, e.g., hemodynamic, biochemical, histoarchitectural changes, and apoptosis. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, IP). Diabetic rats received either telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day, orally), the PPAR-␥ antagonist GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day, IP), or both for 14 days with concurrent administration of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, SC) on days 13 and 14. Compared with diabetic controls, diabetic rats with myocardial infarction exhibited altered hemodynamic profiles and reduction in the activities of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione level along with increased level of malondialdehyde in the heart. Further, diabetic animals with myocardial infarction exhibited increased myonecrosis, edema, and apoptotic cell death. Treatment with telmisartan significantly improved the redox status of the myocardium with subsequent cardiac functional recovery. However, significant effects were lowered in animals treated with telmisartan plus GW9662. Telmisartan markedly inhibited Bax expression, TUNEL-positive cells, myonecrosis, and edema. On the other hand, administration of telmisartan plus GW9662 did not elicit the same effects, nor did they increase Bcl-2 protein expression in isoproterenol-induced myocardially infarcted diabetic rats when administered concomitantly or individually. Moreover, down-regulated PPAR-␥ expression in myocardially infarcted diabetic hearts was increased by telmisartan treatment. In addition to class effects of ARBs, telmisartan reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis and improves cardiac function via the PPAR-␥ pathway.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Mar 1, 2012
ABSTRACT Protecting myocardium from ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is important to reduce the... more ABSTRACT Protecting myocardium from ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is important to reduce the complication of myocardial infarction (MI) and interventional revascularization procedures. In the present study, the cardioprotective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata was evaluated against left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation-induced I-R injury of myocardium in rats. MI was induced in rats by LADCA ligation for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The rats were divided into five experimental groups viz., sham (saline treated, but LADCA was not ligated), I-R control (saline treated + I-R), benazepril (30 mg/kg + I-R), A. paniculata (200 mg/kg per se) and A. paniculata (200 mg/kg + I-R). A. paniculata was administered orally for 31 days. On day 31, rats were subjected to the I-R and cardiac function parameters were recorded. Further, rats were sacrificed and heart was excised for biochemical and histopathological studies. In I-R control group, LADCA ligation resulted in significant cardiac dysfunction evidenced by reduced haemodynamic parameters; mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). The left ventricular contractile function was also altered. In I-R control group, I-R caused decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as leakage of myocytes injury marker enzymes, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and enhanced lipid peroxidation product, malonaldialdehyde (MDA). However, rats pretreated with A. paniculata 200 mg/kg showed favourable modulation of haemodynamic and left ventricular contractile function parameters, restoration of the myocardial antioxidants and prevention of depletion of myocytes injury marker enzymes along with inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Histopathological observations confirmed the protective effects of A. paniculata. The cardioprotective effects of A. paniculata were found comparable to that of benazepril treatment. Interpretation & Our results showed the cardioprotective effects of A. paniculata against I-R injury likely result from the suppression of oxidative stress and preserved histoarchitecture of myofibrils along with improved haemodynamic and ventricular functions.
ABSTRACT The effects of standardized hydro-alcoholic lyophilized extract of Bacopa monneira (Bm) ... more ABSTRACT The effects of standardized hydro-alcoholic lyophilized extract of Bacopa monneira (Bm) in isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial necrosis were studied. Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided to sham, ISP control and Bacopa monneira treated groups. Bacopa monneira was administered in doses of 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg kg-1 orally for 30 days to Bacopa monneira treated groups while sham and ISP control groups received saline orally for the same duration. On day 29 and 30, ISP (85 mg kg-1) was administered subcutaneously at an interval of 24 h to ISP control and Bacopa monneira treated groups. On day 31, hemodynamic parameters were recorded before all rats were sacrificed. Hearts were excised and processed for biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural assessment. Significant cardiac dysfunction, decline in endogenous antioxidant defence [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], myocyte specific injury markers [myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme] as well as increase in lipid peroxidation marker [malonaldialdehyde (MDA)] were observed in ISP control group as compared to sham control. Of the different doses studied, Bacopa monneira (150 mg kg-1) produced maximum cardioprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of endogenous antioxidants, myocardial LDH and CK-MB isoenzyme activities and decrease in MDA. Histopathological and ultrastructural findings also reconfirmed the cardioprotective effect of the extract. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to cardioprotective effects of Bacopa monneira against ISP-induced cardiotoxicity.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Sep 1, 2013
Normal rats pre-treated with P. kurroa (200 mg/kg) alone did not showed significant change, howev... more Normal rats pre-treated with P. kurroa (200 mg/kg) alone did not showed significant change, however, isoproterenol (ISP) administration resulted in hemodynamic and left ventricular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Such cardiac dysfunction was significantly prevented by P. kurroa root extract pre-treatment. Pre-treatment significantly attenuated the ISP-induced oxidative stress by restoring myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes except reduced glutathione content. P. kurroa pre-treatment markedly attenuated the ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation, thereby prevented leakage of myocyte creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes. The results suggest that P. kurroa root extract possesses significant cardioprotective effect, which may be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-peroxidative, and myocardial preservative properties.
International journal of biological sciences, 2016
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of... more Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) during glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell death. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has widely been used for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Comparing to traditional lipid-soluble CoQ10, water soluble CoQ10 (Ubisol-Q10) has high intracellular and intra-mitochondrial distribution. The aims of the present study are to determine the neuroprotective effects of Ubisol-Q10 on glutamate-induced cell death and to explore its functional mechanisms. HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to glutamate. Cell viability was measured and mitochondrial fragmentation was assessed by mitochondrial imaging. The mPTP opening was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium retention capacity. The results revealed that the anti-glutamate toxicity effects of Ubisol-Q10 was associated with its ability to block mitochondr...
International Journal of Farm Sciences, Oct 13, 2011
Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 F 1 hybrids of tomato derived from the c... more Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 F 1 hybrids of tomato derived from the crosses between 15 lines and 3 testers through line x tester technique was studied. Maximum and significant heterosis in favourable direction was observed for yield, fruit number, plant height and fruits per cluster. Heterosis was appreciable in all hybrids, but was more in four hybrids viz Sioux x FT-5, S-1001 x Solan Vajr, EC-521041 x FT-5 and S-1001 x EC-15998.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Sep 25, 2013
Importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices which provide clues to new are... more Importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices which provide clues to new areas of research and in biodiversity conservation is now well known. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from many hilly and tribal areas of Kashmir Himalaya. The present study has been carried out from different hilly areas of Kashmir Himalaya, to look for the diversity of plant resources that are used by local people for curing various ailments. The information has been collected for 38 polypetalous species, of which medicinal uses of 5 species are reported for the first time. It has also been found that most of the species are used for the general health problems and wound healings besides for the treatment of skin, gastric, cough, etc. diseases. The most preferred plant parts for the preparation of such medicines are roots (34.21%) followed by leaves (18.42%), flowers (10.52%) and whole plant (10.52%) while seeds (7.89%) remain the least.
Hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata prevented isoproterenol induced increase in lip... more Hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata prevented isoproterenol induced increase in lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the levels of reduced glutathione in hearts. In addition, the extract also prevented the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and salvages the heart from isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic injury. The results indicate the antioxidant, antilipid peroxidative and antiischemic activity of A. paniculata and justify its use in ischemic heart diseases.
Indian Journal of Biochemistry Biophysics, Feb 1, 2011
The cardioprotective potential of Inula racemosa root hydroalcoholic extract against isoprotereno... more The cardioprotective potential of Inula racemosa root hydroalcoholic extract against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction was investigated in rats. The rats treated with isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, s.c.) exhibited myocardial infarction, as evidenced by significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, contractility, relaxation along with increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, as well as decreased endogenous myocardial enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Isoproterenol also significantly (P < 0.05) induced lipid peroxidation and increased leakage of myocyte injury marker enzymes. Pretreatment with I. racemosa extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 21 consecutive days, followed by isoproterenol injections on days 19th and 20th significantly (P < 0.05) improved cardiac function by increasing the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, contractility and relaxation along with decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Pretreatment with I. racemosa also significantly (P < 0.05) restored the reduced form of glutathione and endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase from the heart, which were depleted after isoproterenol administration. In addition to restoration of antioxidants, I. racemosa significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited lipid peroxidation and prevented the leakage of myocytes specific marker enzymes creatine phosphokinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase from the heart. Thus, it is concluded that I. racemosa protects heart from isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by reducing oxidative stress and modulating hemodynamic and ventricular functions of the heart. Present study findings demonstrate the cardioprotective effect of I. racemosa and support the pharmacological relevance of its use and cardioprotection mechanism in ischemic heart disease as well as substantiate its traditional claim.
Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is know... more Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is known to modulate many biological targets in inflammation & oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether mangiferin exerts protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and possible role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKs) and Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF-β) pathways in its cardioprotection. Male albino Wistar rats were treated with mangiferin (40mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. At the end of the treatment protocol, rats were subjected to IR injury consisting of 45min ischemia followed by 1h reperfusion. IR-control rats caused significant cardiac dysfunction, increased serum cardiac injury markers, lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in tissue antioxidants as compared to sham group. Histopathological examination of IR rats revealed myocardial necrosis, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, pretreatment with mangiferin significantly restored myocardial oxidant-antioxidant status, maintained membrane integrity, and attenuated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins and TGF-β. Furthermore, mangiferin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of p38, and JNK and enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These results suggest that mangiferin protects against myocardial IR injury by modulating MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
Commiphora mukul commonly known as Guggul is one of the oldest and commonly consumed herb for pro... more Commiphora mukul commonly known as Guggul is one of the oldest and commonly consumed herb for promoting heart and vascular health. Present study was undertaken to evaluate cardioprotective potential of Commiphora mukul against isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups: sham (saline only), isoprenaline control (saline and isoprenaline) and Commiphora mukul treated (Commiphora mukul and isoprenaline) groups. Commiphora mukul was administered in three doses 100, 200 and 400 mg kg(-1) p.o. for 30 days. On 29th and 30th day, the animals of isoprenaline control and Commiphora mukulpretreatment groups were administered isoprenaline (85 mg kg(-1); s.c.), consecutively at an interval of 24 hr. Isoprenaline administration produced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in myocardial antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and myocyte injury marker enzymes creatine-phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with enhanced lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart. Commiphora mukul pretreatment reversed the isoprenaline-induced oxidative changes in rat myocardium by significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, CAT, GSHPx, GSH and reduction of MDA. In addition to improving myocardial antioxidant status, Commiphora mukul also prevented the leakage of LDH and CK-MB from heart. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Commiphora mukul pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Commiphora mukul may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the oxidative stress associated ischemic heart disease owing to antioxidant and antiperoxidative activity.
Cytologia International Journal of Cytology, Dec 25, 2011
At present, cytomorphological studies have been made on population basis in Filipendula vestita, ... more At present, cytomorphological studies have been made on population basis in Filipendula vestita, a medicinally important species of the family Rosaceae from the geographically different areas of Kashmir and the districts Kangra and Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh in the Western Himalayas. Morphologically, 3 distinct variants have been recognized, 2 of these reported for the first time. All the populations are found to be diploid with meiotic chromosome number as n=7. However, male meiosis shows variation in meiotic behaviour in the different populations. 8 populations exhibit normal meiosis whereas other 7 populations are marked with meiotic abnormalities in the form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, formation of laggards and bridges resulting into abnormal microsporogenesis and reduced pollen fertility.
Hyperglycemia induced advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end product... more Hyperglycemia induced advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) activation is thought to involve in the development of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Activation of AGE-RAGE axis results in the oxidative stress and inflammation. Mangiferin is found in the bark of mango tree and is known to treat diseases owing to its various biological activities. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of mangiferin in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats. A single injection of STZ (70 mg/kg; i.p.) was injected to male albino Wistar rats to induce diabetes. After confirmation of diabetes, rats were administered vehicle (2 ml/kg; i.p.) and mangiferin (40 mg/kg; i.p.) for 28 days. On 28(th) day, left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 45 min and then reperfused for 60 min. Mangiferin treatment significantly improved cardiac function, restored antioxidant status, reduced inflammation, apopt...
Non photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased in wheat flag leaf under high light and at a temperat... more Non photochemical quenching (NPQ) decreased in wheat flag leaf under high light and at a temperature 5°C higher than normal growth conditions. The accumulation of the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and zeaxanthin particularly indicated pH dependent energy dissipation (qE) a major component of NPQ. Neoxanthin and zeaxanthin served important functions as an antioxidant in the lipid phase of the membrane and are likely to act as key components in the memory of the chloroplast with respect to preceding photo-oxidative stress in next generation even under low light and normal temperature conditions.
Meiotic studies and chromosome data are imperative in order to have an overall germplasm evaluati... more Meiotic studies and chromosome data are imperative in order to have an overall germplasm evaluation of a taxon. In the present effort, the meiotic study is carried out in 48 populations belonging to 26 species of Lamiaceae collected from their natural habitats in Kashmir Himalaya, which forms an important part of Northwest Himalaya. Chromosome counts in the five species viz. Dracocephalum nutans (2n = 10), Lycopus europaeus (2n = 22), Marrubium vulgare (2n = 54), Nepeta nervosa (2n = 18) and Salvia sclarea (2n = 22) are first time reported from India. Besides, 17 species are cytologically evaluated for the first time from the study area-Kashmir Himalaya. In Marrubium vulgare, hexaploid cytotype (2n = 6 × =54) is reported for the first time. Also, diploid and tetraploid cytomorphovariants are observed in Calamintha vulgaris (2n = 20, 40), Elsholtzia ciliata (2n = 16, 32) and Mentha longifolia (2n = 20, 40). Various meiotic abnormalities like chromatin stickiness, cytomixis, nonsynchronous disjunction, laggards, chromatin bridges, etc. leading to pollen abnormalities have been documented for the first time in some species. The worldwide status of chromosome number data in each genus is presented.
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB), is a partial agonist of the peroxisome pro... more Telmisartan, an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB), is a partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-␥). We investigated whether telmisartan improved the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction in diabetes partially through the PPAR-␥ pathway by assessing a variety of indices, e.g., hemodynamic, biochemical, histoarchitectural changes, and apoptosis. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, IP). Diabetic rats received either telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day, orally), the PPAR-␥ antagonist GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day, IP), or both for 14 days with concurrent administration of isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, SC) on days 13 and 14. Compared with diabetic controls, diabetic rats with myocardial infarction exhibited altered hemodynamic profiles and reduction in the activities of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione level along with increased level of malondialdehyde in the heart. Further, diabetic animals with myocardial infarction exhibited increased myonecrosis, edema, and apoptotic cell death. Treatment with telmisartan significantly improved the redox status of the myocardium with subsequent cardiac functional recovery. However, significant effects were lowered in animals treated with telmisartan plus GW9662. Telmisartan markedly inhibited Bax expression, TUNEL-positive cells, myonecrosis, and edema. On the other hand, administration of telmisartan plus GW9662 did not elicit the same effects, nor did they increase Bcl-2 protein expression in isoproterenol-induced myocardially infarcted diabetic rats when administered concomitantly or individually. Moreover, down-regulated PPAR-␥ expression in myocardially infarcted diabetic hearts was increased by telmisartan treatment. In addition to class effects of ARBs, telmisartan reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis and improves cardiac function via the PPAR-␥ pathway.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Mar 1, 2012
ABSTRACT Protecting myocardium from ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is important to reduce the... more ABSTRACT Protecting myocardium from ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is important to reduce the complication of myocardial infarction (MI) and interventional revascularization procedures. In the present study, the cardioprotective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata was evaluated against left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation-induced I-R injury of myocardium in rats. MI was induced in rats by LADCA ligation for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The rats were divided into five experimental groups viz., sham (saline treated, but LADCA was not ligated), I-R control (saline treated + I-R), benazepril (30 mg/kg + I-R), A. paniculata (200 mg/kg per se) and A. paniculata (200 mg/kg + I-R). A. paniculata was administered orally for 31 days. On day 31, rats were subjected to the I-R and cardiac function parameters were recorded. Further, rats were sacrificed and heart was excised for biochemical and histopathological studies. In I-R control group, LADCA ligation resulted in significant cardiac dysfunction evidenced by reduced haemodynamic parameters; mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). The left ventricular contractile function was also altered. In I-R control group, I-R caused decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as leakage of myocytes injury marker enzymes, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and enhanced lipid peroxidation product, malonaldialdehyde (MDA). However, rats pretreated with A. paniculata 200 mg/kg showed favourable modulation of haemodynamic and left ventricular contractile function parameters, restoration of the myocardial antioxidants and prevention of depletion of myocytes injury marker enzymes along with inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Histopathological observations confirmed the protective effects of A. paniculata. The cardioprotective effects of A. paniculata were found comparable to that of benazepril treatment. Interpretation & Our results showed the cardioprotective effects of A. paniculata against I-R injury likely result from the suppression of oxidative stress and preserved histoarchitecture of myofibrils along with improved haemodynamic and ventricular functions.
ABSTRACT The effects of standardized hydro-alcoholic lyophilized extract of Bacopa monneira (Bm) ... more ABSTRACT The effects of standardized hydro-alcoholic lyophilized extract of Bacopa monneira (Bm) in isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial necrosis were studied. Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided to sham, ISP control and Bacopa monneira treated groups. Bacopa monneira was administered in doses of 50, 100, 150 or 200 mg kg-1 orally for 30 days to Bacopa monneira treated groups while sham and ISP control groups received saline orally for the same duration. On day 29 and 30, ISP (85 mg kg-1) was administered subcutaneously at an interval of 24 h to ISP control and Bacopa monneira treated groups. On day 31, hemodynamic parameters were recorded before all rats were sacrificed. Hearts were excised and processed for biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural assessment. Significant cardiac dysfunction, decline in endogenous antioxidant defence [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH)], myocyte specific injury markers [myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme] as well as increase in lipid peroxidation marker [malonaldialdehyde (MDA)] were observed in ISP control group as compared to sham control. Of the different doses studied, Bacopa monneira (150 mg kg-1) produced maximum cardioprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of endogenous antioxidants, myocardial LDH and CK-MB isoenzyme activities and decrease in MDA. Histopathological and ultrastructural findings also reconfirmed the cardioprotective effect of the extract. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to cardioprotective effects of Bacopa monneira against ISP-induced cardiotoxicity.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Sep 1, 2013
Normal rats pre-treated with P. kurroa (200 mg/kg) alone did not showed significant change, howev... more Normal rats pre-treated with P. kurroa (200 mg/kg) alone did not showed significant change, however, isoproterenol (ISP) administration resulted in hemodynamic and left ventricular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Such cardiac dysfunction was significantly prevented by P. kurroa root extract pre-treatment. Pre-treatment significantly attenuated the ISP-induced oxidative stress by restoring myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes except reduced glutathione content. P. kurroa pre-treatment markedly attenuated the ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation, thereby prevented leakage of myocyte creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes. The results suggest that P. kurroa root extract possesses significant cardioprotective effect, which may be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-peroxidative, and myocardial preservative properties.
International journal of biological sciences, 2016
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of... more Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major events that lead to the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) during glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell death. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has widely been used for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Comparing to traditional lipid-soluble CoQ10, water soluble CoQ10 (Ubisol-Q10) has high intracellular and intra-mitochondrial distribution. The aims of the present study are to determine the neuroprotective effects of Ubisol-Q10 on glutamate-induced cell death and to explore its functional mechanisms. HT22 neuronal cells were exposed to glutamate. Cell viability was measured and mitochondrial fragmentation was assessed by mitochondrial imaging. The mPTP opening was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium retention capacity. The results revealed that the anti-glutamate toxicity effects of Ubisol-Q10 was associated with its ability to block mitochondr...
International Journal of Farm Sciences, Oct 13, 2011
Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 F 1 hybrids of tomato derived from the c... more Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 F 1 hybrids of tomato derived from the crosses between 15 lines and 3 testers through line x tester technique was studied. Maximum and significant heterosis in favourable direction was observed for yield, fruit number, plant height and fruits per cluster. Heterosis was appreciable in all hybrids, but was more in four hybrids viz Sioux x FT-5, S-1001 x Solan Vajr, EC-521041 x FT-5 and S-1001 x EC-15998.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Sep 25, 2013
Importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices which provide clues to new are... more Importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices which provide clues to new areas of research and in biodiversity conservation is now well known. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from many hilly and tribal areas of Kashmir Himalaya. The present study has been carried out from different hilly areas of Kashmir Himalaya, to look for the diversity of plant resources that are used by local people for curing various ailments. The information has been collected for 38 polypetalous species, of which medicinal uses of 5 species are reported for the first time. It has also been found that most of the species are used for the general health problems and wound healings besides for the treatment of skin, gastric, cough, etc. diseases. The most preferred plant parts for the preparation of such medicines are roots (34.21%) followed by leaves (18.42%), flowers (10.52%) and whole plant (10.52%) while seeds (7.89%) remain the least.
Hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata prevented isoproterenol induced increase in lip... more Hydroalcoholic extract of Andrographis paniculata prevented isoproterenol induced increase in lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the levels of reduced glutathione in hearts. In addition, the extract also prevented the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from heart and salvages the heart from isoproterenol induced myocardial ischemic injury. The results indicate the antioxidant, antilipid peroxidative and antiischemic activity of A. paniculata and justify its use in ischemic heart diseases.
Indian Journal of Biochemistry Biophysics, Feb 1, 2011
The cardioprotective potential of Inula racemosa root hydroalcoholic extract against isoprotereno... more The cardioprotective potential of Inula racemosa root hydroalcoholic extract against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction was investigated in rats. The rats treated with isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, s.c.) exhibited myocardial infarction, as evidenced by significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, contractility, relaxation along with increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, as well as decreased endogenous myocardial enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Isoproterenol also significantly (P < 0.05) induced lipid peroxidation and increased leakage of myocyte injury marker enzymes. Pretreatment with I. racemosa extract (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 21 consecutive days, followed by isoproterenol injections on days 19th and 20th significantly (P < 0.05) improved cardiac function by increasing the heart rate, mean arterial pressure, contractility and relaxation along with decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Pretreatment with I. racemosa also significantly (P < 0.05) restored the reduced form of glutathione and endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase from the heart, which were depleted after isoproterenol administration. In addition to restoration of antioxidants, I. racemosa significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited lipid peroxidation and prevented the leakage of myocytes specific marker enzymes creatine phosphokinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase from the heart. Thus, it is concluded that I. racemosa protects heart from isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by reducing oxidative stress and modulating hemodynamic and ventricular functions of the heart. Present study findings demonstrate the cardioprotective effect of I. racemosa and support the pharmacological relevance of its use and cardioprotection mechanism in ischemic heart disease as well as substantiate its traditional claim.
Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is know... more Mangiferin, a xanthone glycoside isolated from leaves of Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is known to modulate many biological targets in inflammation & oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate whether mangiferin exerts protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and possible role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKs) and Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF-β) pathways in its cardioprotection. Male albino Wistar rats were treated with mangiferin (40mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. At the end of the treatment protocol, rats were subjected to IR injury consisting of 45min ischemia followed by 1h reperfusion. IR-control rats caused significant cardiac dysfunction, increased serum cardiac injury markers, lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in tissue antioxidants as compared to sham group. Histopathological examination of IR rats revealed myocardial necrosis, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, pretreatment with mangiferin significantly restored myocardial oxidant-antioxidant status, maintained membrane integrity, and attenuated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins and TGF-β. Furthermore, mangiferin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of p38, and JNK and enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These results suggest that mangiferin protects against myocardial IR injury by modulating MAPK mediated inflammation and apoptosis.
Commiphora mukul commonly known as Guggul is one of the oldest and commonly consumed herb for pro... more Commiphora mukul commonly known as Guggul is one of the oldest and commonly consumed herb for promoting heart and vascular health. Present study was undertaken to evaluate cardioprotective potential of Commiphora mukul against isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups: sham (saline only), isoprenaline control (saline and isoprenaline) and Commiphora mukul treated (Commiphora mukul and isoprenaline) groups. Commiphora mukul was administered in three doses 100, 200 and 400 mg kg(-1) p.o. for 30 days. On 29th and 30th day, the animals of isoprenaline control and Commiphora mukulpretreatment groups were administered isoprenaline (85 mg kg(-1); s.c.), consecutively at an interval of 24 hr. Isoprenaline administration produced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in myocardial antioxidants; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and myocyte injury marker enzymes creatine-phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) along with enhanced lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde (MDA) in heart. Commiphora mukul pretreatment reversed the isoprenaline-induced oxidative changes in rat myocardium by significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, CAT, GSHPx, GSH and reduction of MDA. In addition to improving myocardial antioxidant status, Commiphora mukul also prevented the leakage of LDH and CK-MB from heart. Further, histopathological examination showed the reduction of necrosis, edema and inflammation following Commiphora mukul pretreatment. Based on present findings, it is concluded that Commiphora mukul may be a potential preventive and therapeutic agent against the oxidative stress associated ischemic heart disease owing to antioxidant and antiperoxidative activity.
Cytologia International Journal of Cytology, Dec 25, 2011
At present, cytomorphological studies have been made on population basis in Filipendula vestita, ... more At present, cytomorphological studies have been made on population basis in Filipendula vestita, a medicinally important species of the family Rosaceae from the geographically different areas of Kashmir and the districts Kangra and Sirmaur of Himachal Pradesh in the Western Himalayas. Morphologically, 3 distinct variants have been recognized, 2 of these reported for the first time. All the populations are found to be diploid with meiotic chromosome number as n=7. However, male meiosis shows variation in meiotic behaviour in the different populations. 8 populations exhibit normal meiosis whereas other 7 populations are marked with meiotic abnormalities in the form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, formation of laggards and bridges resulting into abnormal microsporogenesis and reduced pollen fertility.
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