У статті дається огляд проблем, пов'язаних з контролем вібрацій будівельних конструкцій. Розгляда... more У статті дається огляд проблем, пов'язаних з контролем вібрацій будівельних конструкцій. Розглядаються існуючі способи боротьби з вібраціями. Аналізується можливість використання сучасних адаптивних матеріалів у віброзахисних системах. Ключові слова: гасіння вібрацій, будівельні конструкції, адаптивні матеріали Клитной Владимир Викторович, канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Детали машин и прикладная механика». Харьковский Национальный технический университет «Харьковский политехнический институт», г. Харьков, Украина.
Gambar 11. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan I. Gambar 12. Form Untuk Meng-input-ka... more Gambar 11. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan I. Gambar 12. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan II dan Diagnosis. Gambar 13. Menu Utama User (Penyuluh/Petani).
— This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province,... more — This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, aimed at investigating the effect of dosage of cow dung as organic fertilizer on growth, yield component and production of organic rice. The experiment was arranged using a Complete Randomized Block Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment was organic fertilizer of cow dung composted using local microbial organisms with four dosage levels, namely: a) 2 tons/ha; b) 4 tons/ha; c) 6 tons/ha; and d) 8 tons/ha. The rice variety used was the Kuriak Kusuik and the observed variables included: leaf color score, plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The result showed that the dosage of organic fertilizer of cow dung had significant effect on leaf color score at 56 days after planting (DAP), number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. In contrast, plant height, maximum number of tillers, panicle length, weight of 1,000 grains, and empty grain were not significantly affected. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the dosages of organic fertilizer of cow dung with the grain yield. The addition of cow dung as the organic fertilizer as much as 1 ton/ha to the soil could cause an increase in the yield of grain by 0.097 ton/ha.
Pest infestation to soybean plant results in yield losses up to 80%. Therefore, it needs to be co... more Pest infestation to soybean plant results in yield losses up to 80%. Therefore, it needs to be controlled properly. The main problem in controlling it is that far mers a nd ext ension workers a re difficult to promptly diagnose the types of main pest infecting the plant in the field. In consequence to the technology applied to control it is not appropriate. Whether it is mechanically, biologically, and chemically. To help them in making prompt decission, a user friendly tool need to be developed. One of the tools is an expert system. The development and implementation of the system were carried out at Indonesian Assessmetn Institute for Agricultural Technology (IAIAT) of West Sumatera Province and Universitas Putra Indonesia, Padang. The project was conducted from March to September 2009. The methodology applied in designing, developing, and implementing. The system was process-oriented methodology that is a model driven technique orienting to a process. The expert system generated ...
— This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province,... more — This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, aimed at investigating the effect of dosage of cow dung as organic fertilizer on growth, yield component and production of organic rice. The experiment was arranged using a Complete Randomized Block Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment was organic fertilizer of cow dung composted using local microbial organisms with four dosage levels, namely: a) 2 tons/ha; b) 4 tons/ha; c) 6 tons/ha; and d) 8 tons/ha. The rice variety used was the Kuriak Kusuik and the observed variables included: leaf color score, plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The result showed that the dosage of organic fertilizer of cow dung had significant effect on leaf color score at 56 days after planting (DAP), number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. In contrast, plant height, maximum number of tillers, panicle length, weight of 1,000 grains, and empty grain were not significantly affected. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the dosages of organic fertilizer of cow dung with the grain yield. The addition of cow dung as the organic fertilizer as much as 1 ton/ha to the soil could cause an increase in the yield of grain by 0.097 ton/ha.
Pengelolaan sistem tanam yang tepat merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pa... more Pengelolaan sistem tanam yang tepat merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa sistem tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah varietas IR-66 di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Percobaan telah dilaksanakan di Nagari Talawi Kota Sawahlunto pada bulan April sampai Juli 2011. Percobaan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima kali ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah sistem tanam yang terdiri dari tiga tingkat sistem tanam jajar legowo dan satu sistem tanam tegel, yaitu: (1) Jajar legowo 2:1; (2) Jajar legowo 3:1; (3) Jajar legowo 4:1; dan (4) Tegel (cara petani sebagai pembanding). Ukuran petakan 6x6 m. Varietas yang digunakan adalah IR-66, umur bibit 20 hari, jumlah bibit 1-3 batang/rumpun, jarak tanam 20x20 cm. Pupuk Urea diberikan 50 kg/ha umur 7 hari, selanjutnya berdasarkan BWD sehingga jumlah Urea yang diberikan sebanyak 100 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk SP-36 dan KCl diberikan berdasarkan PUTS sebanyak masing-masing 100 kg/ha dan 50 kg/ha umur 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil padi sawah varietas IR-66 tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan legowo 4:1 (6,46 t GKP/ha) dengan peningkatan hasil gabah mencapai 21,43% dibanding perlakuan tegel (sistem tanam petani). Selanjutnya diikuti perlakuan legowo 3:1 (6,02 t GKP/ha) dan legowo 2:1 (5,33 t GKP/ha). Kata kunci: sistem tanam, padi sawah, IR-66, legowo, tegel.
The aim of this research was to obtain maize promising lines capable to adapt well in dry acid so... more The aim of this research was to obtain maize promising lines capable to adapt well in dry acid soil, with pH <5. Research was conducted in farmer cultivation of district ) GH-12 and one existing variety as control. The experimental design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Land processed perfectly of the size map each 4x6 m. Distance plant 80x15 cm. The packages of fertilizers for maize are 300 kg urea+150 kg SP-36 +50 kg KCl per hectare. The observation of the studies were plant growth yield component and yield. The result obtained two maize promising lines (GH-1 and GH-3) capable to produce dry pods yield approximately 4,5 tons/ha and 4,2 tons/ha at dry acid dry soil in Sawahlunto(pH<5).
Di Sumatera Barat laju peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah cenderung melandai. Salah satu kompon... more Di Sumatera Barat laju peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah cenderung melandai. Salah satu komponen/input produksi yang menyebabkan penurunan atau pelandaian produksi padi adalah pemakaian bibit yang sudah tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur bibit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah serta mendapatkan umur bibit yang tepat pada padi sawah varietas IR-66 telah dilaksanakan di Talawi Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2011. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima kali ulangan dan empat perlakuan. Perlakuannya adalah empat tingkat umur pindah bibit setelah disemai (hss), yaitu: (A) 10 hss; (B) 15 hss; (C) 20 hss; dan (D) 25 hss. Observasi awal yang dilakukan di daerah penelitian, ternyata umumnya petani menggunakan bibit umur >21 hss. Pesemaian dilakukan di luar petak percobaan dengan pengolahan tanah sempurna (OTS). Pupuk untuk pesemaian diberikan masing-masing sebanyak 25 g/m 2 Urea, SP36, dan KCl. Benih varietas IR-66 yang telah direndam selama 24 jam ditaburkan pada petak pesemaian dengan kerapatan 60 g/m 2 ． , dimana benih yang pertama kali ditebarkan adalah perlakuan D (25 hss). Perlakuan berikutnya ditebar dengan interval waktu lima hari sehingga saat tanam sesuai dengan perlakuan umur bibit. Komponen teknologi dasar PTT padi sawah yang diterapkan adalah: (1) Varitas unggul (IR-66); (2) Benih bermutu dan bibit sehat (label ungu); (3) Bahan organik (2 t pupuk kandang/ha); (4) Sistem tanam jajar legowo 4:1; (5) Pemupukan berimbang, dimana pupuk N berdasarkan Bagan Warna Daun (50 kg Urea pada umur 7 hari, dan pupuk susulan berdasarkan skor BWD sehingga total pupuk Urea yang digunakan sebanyak 100 kg/ha) dan pupuk P dan K berdasarkan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (50 kg KCl/ha dan 100 kg SP-36/ha yang diberikan umur 7 hari); dan (6) PHT sesuai kondisi di lapangan (pengendalian lalat bibit, wereng hijau, dan tungro). Sedangkan komponen teknologi pilihan PTT padi sawah yang diterapkan adalah: (1) Pengolahan tanah sesuai dengan musim tanam (1 kali bajak dan 1 kali garu menggunakan traktor); (2) Umur bibit sesuai perlakuan (10, 15, 20, dan 25 hss); (3) Tanam bibit sebanyak 1-3 batang per rumpun; (4) Penyiangan secara manual tergantung kondisi gulma di lapangan; (5) Pengairan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman (drainase berselang); dan (6) Panen menggunakan sabit dan gabah segera dirontok dengan tresher. Hasil gabah padi sawah varietas IR-66 tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan umur bibit 10 hss (5,79 t/ha) dengan peningkatan hasil gabah mencapai 20,1% dibanding perlakuan umur bibit petani. Makin lama umur bibit padi sawah IR-66 di pesemaian maka hasil gabah cenderung menurun.
The Strength Competitiveness of Lokal Lowland Rice Variety in West Sumatera. The assesment needs ... more The Strength Competitiveness of Lokal Lowland Rice Variety in West Sumatera. The assesment needs to be done to determine the causes of farmers preference in choosing lokal varieties. The purpose of the assessment is to examine the strength competitiveness of lokal varieties than national varieties from social economic aspects, to be used as a development strategy of national superior variety. Research done on 2012 in the Pesisir Selatan, Padang Pariaman and Agam Districts. The information obtained with surveys ways to 60 respondens each location. Data was analyzed as descriptive and cross tabulation ways. The assessment results concluded that competitiveness of lokal varieties is higher than superior varieties, seen from the higher location distribution of lokal varieties (62,2%) than superior varieties (37,8%), utilization of lokal varieties (76%) is higher than superior varities (24%), and more than 50% farmers tend to use lokal varieties. The reason people still survive using lokal varieties primarily because of "taste / flavor". VUB that suitable for development in West Sumatra is the rice that "pera" taste, then the lokal varieties of rice of West Sumatra who have high yield and spread wide, should be proposed in order to enrich the varieties of rice varieties in Indonesia by using the "lokal name", and a lokal variety of rice that is low power, but the result is still in demand and its grows distribution still widespread, then it should be fixed so that its productivity and incomes can be increased.
Soybean crop management on dry acid soil. Soybean is one of the especial commodities of legume. I... more Soybean crop management on dry acid soil. Soybean is one of the especial commodities of legume. Indonesia every year import soybean counted 1.2 million ton and soybean oil cake 1.3 million ton finishing state's stock exchange around Rp.5 billion. To anticipate the fact, year 2006 until 2010, program cymbal government "Bangkit Kedelai", one of them soybean development at dry acid soil and improvement of planting intensity for the width of 500.000 hectare during 5 year. Soybean development in acid soil, for example: low pH, availability of organic materials, P, and low CEC so that produce to become lower. Conducting soybean technology suggested for the soybean in dry acid soil is technological merger ameliorant with usage of resistance varieties acidly. Besides, time planted, space of planting, maintenance of crop, and harvesting time is influencing of soybean product increase.
Cultural Practice of Batang Piaman Improve Rice Variety. Generally rice consumer in Indonesia mor... more Cultural Practice of Batang Piaman Improve Rice Variety. Generally rice consumer in Indonesia more like sticky rice or amylase content 20 to 24 percent. However West Sumatra rice consumer more like rice with amylase content more than 24% so IR 42 was released 1980 and Cisokan was released 1986 the most popular and had been being broadcast in West Sumatra. To make others variety with amylase content more than 24% West Sumatra Assessment Institute Agricultural Technology collaborated with Sukamandi Rice Research Institute to find the new rice variety. This collaboration hoped find new improve rice variety with amylase content more than 24%. The result of this collaboration was released Batang Piaman rice variety at 19 October 2003 by Agricultural Department of Indonesia. So, Agricultural Commission of Agricultural recommended this variety for local specific West Sumatra. To developing this variety in West Sumatra, the some cultural practices have to adopt by the farmers: (1) seedling old; (2) amount of seedling; (3) planting method. Replanting recommended 18 to 20 day after seedling and a seedling/hill. So recommend shafter planting method, because this system can increasing yield 17 to 38%.
Practice. West Sumatra represent prop of requirement of national rice, specially for the province... more Practice. West Sumatra represent prop of requirement of national rice, specially for the province of neighbour, like: Riau, Bengkulu, and Jambi marked with rice surplus every year so that sending it become one of the province in Indonesia as national rice mow. Primary factor pushing product increase of paddy in West Sumatra come from wide of improvement of crop (1.63% per year). Meanwhile downhill productivity exactly equal to 0.12% per caused year: (1) lowering of usage of certifiable seed because its costly price relative so that farmer tend to use seed alone or from other farmer; (2) usage of is same variety repeatedly without purification;
Masyarakat Minangkabau adalah masyarakat agraris, dan sawah merupakan sektor produksi yang paling... more Masyarakat Minangkabau adalah masyarakat agraris, dan sawah merupakan sektor produksi yang paling utama bagi masyarakat. Padi adalah sumber ekonomi masyarakat Minangkabau semenjak dahulu kala, oleh sebab itu budaya sawah sangat melekat dan tergambar dari tiap-tiap tahapan kegiatan pengerjaan sawah yang sarat dengan unsur budaya dan sosial. Pengusahaan sektor ekonomi primer sawah dilaksanakan dalam sistem kolektif dan ditujukan untuk keberlangsungan hidup komunal masyarakat Minangkabau (Navis A.A. 1984).
Kehilangan hasil kedelai akibat serangan hama dapat menurunkan hasil sampai 80%, bahkan puso apab... more Kehilangan hasil kedelai akibat serangan hama dapat menurunkan hasil sampai 80%, bahkan puso apabila tidak ada tindakan pengendalian. Kendala utama dalam melakukan pengendalian adalah sukarnya petani atau penyuluh dalam mendiagnosis jenis hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kedelai di lapangan secara dini/cepat serta sekaligus menerapkan teknologi pengendaliannya yang tepat baik secara mekanis, biologis, dan kimiawi. Untuk membantu petani atau penyuluh dalam pengambilan keputusan lebih dini dan cepat, perlu adanya teknologi alat bantu yang mudah digunakan dan mudah dipahami. Salah satu teknologi yang berkembang saat ini untuk pengambilan keputusan tersebut adalah memanfaatkan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar. Untuk itu dilakukan perancangan dan implementasi sistem pakar pengendalian hama utama kedelai (Sipakar Hatmalai) di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Barat di Sukarami Solok dan Universitas Putra Indonesia "YPTK" Padang pada bulan Maret sampai September 2009. Menggunakan pendekatan terstruktur atau metodologi berbasiskan proses (process-oriented methodologies) yang merupakan sebuah teknik model driven dan berpusat pada proses, yang digunakan untuk menganalisis sistem yang ada dan mendefinisikan persyaratan-persyaratan bisnis untuk sebuah sistem baru atau kedua-duanya. Bertujuan untuk melakukan rancang bangun dan implementasi perangkat lunak sistem pakar dalam mendiagnosis hama utama tanaman kedelai dan teknologi pengendaliannya secara mekanis, biologis, dan kimiawi dengan nama "Sipakar Hatmalai". -tahapan kerja, meliputi: (a) Perumusan Masalah; (b) Menetapkan Tujuan; (c) Studi Pustaka; (d) Pengumpulan Data dan Informasi; (e) Analisis Sistem; (f) Perancangan Basis Data; (g) Perancangan Basis Pengetahuan; (h) Perancangan Antar Muka
Soybean production in the province West Sumatra from 1996 until 2009 does not seem stable from ye... more Soybean production in the province West Sumatra from 1996 until 2009 does not seem stable from year to year and even a drastic decrease, reaching 76%. Soybean productivity is still low (range from 1.10 to 1.69 t/ha) compared to its potential and abroad that can reach 2.5 to 3 t/ha with a harvest area fluctuates very significantly. Meanwhile, the need for raw materials by the company's soybean processing tahu/tempe enough large, which is 241.05 tons per month, or 2,892.6 tons per year. This article contains about the problems of soybean and technological support for the development of soybean (low land and dry land) in West Sumatra. The methodology of writing a book study (literature) on soybean commodity that comes from books, proceedings, journals, papers and others. The result, soybean development strategy in the province of West Sumatra can be directed at three main agro-ecosystem, namely: irrigated land, rainfall land and dry land. However, in the lowland rice (43 817 ha of rainfall rice, 43,094 ha of lowland rice irrigated villages, 48,069 ha of lowland rice simple irrigated, and 67,457 ha of lowland rice irrigated semi-technical) and upland (gardens/ 329 528 ha, field for dry rice cultivation 132,240, and 595,516 ha of plantation) the greatest potential for development of soybean plants. Mechanical cultivation of soybean in lowland and dryland in almost the same. However, in some cases there are differences, especially the use of new varieties, land preparation, and delivery of lime /organic materials.
The highest production of soybean in Indonesia was get in 1992 (1,87 million ton). But afterwards... more The highest production of soybean in Indonesia was get in 1992 (1,87 million ton). But afterwards, the soybean production had been being decrease, and in 2003 the soybean production only 0,672 million ton. Its mean in teen years the production decrease 64 percent. However, the domestics consumption of soybean had been being increasing, so the import of soybean have been increasing. In 2004 the import of soybean about 1,307 million ton, To increase soybean nation product these were five strategy: (1) Increasing the price; (2) Extensification of land use; (3) Soybean intensification; (4) Improve culture practice; and (5) Consistency program and seriously of government. The development of soybean should be priority in provinces have land like East Java, Middle Java, West Sumatra, West Papua, West Java, and South Celebes. Soybean farm can expand to Lampung, N.A. Darusalam, Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, and South-East Celebes by Integrated Crop Management (ICM). The local government should be lead and some any police to improve soybean production.
Demand of soybean commodity will be increasing, but trend of domestic product is decreasing. West... more Demand of soybean commodity will be increasing, but trend of domestic product is decreasing. West Sumatra average product of soy bean in West Sumatra is 1.2 t/ha while its potency can be 2 t/ha. If its planting at fertile land, the yield will be 2.5-3.0 t/ha. To get optimum soybean production require to be paid attention technological component, covering: planting time, varieties, requirement of seed, preparation of farm, cultivation, rhyzobium inoculation
У статті дається огляд проблем, пов'язаних з контролем вібрацій будівельних конструкцій. Розгляда... more У статті дається огляд проблем, пов'язаних з контролем вібрацій будівельних конструкцій. Розглядаються існуючі способи боротьби з вібраціями. Аналізується можливість використання сучасних адаптивних матеріалів у віброзахисних системах. Ключові слова: гасіння вібрацій, будівельні конструкції, адаптивні матеріали Клитной Владимир Викторович, канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Детали машин и прикладная механика». Харьковский Национальный технический университет «Харьковский политехнический институт», г. Харьков, Украина.
Gambar 11. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan I. Gambar 12. Form Untuk Meng-input-ka... more Gambar 11. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan I. Gambar 12. Form Untuk Meng-input-kan Data Gejala Kerusakan II dan Diagnosis. Gambar 13. Menu Utama User (Penyuluh/Petani).
— This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province,... more — This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, aimed at investigating the effect of dosage of cow dung as organic fertilizer on growth, yield component and production of organic rice. The experiment was arranged using a Complete Randomized Block Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment was organic fertilizer of cow dung composted using local microbial organisms with four dosage levels, namely: a) 2 tons/ha; b) 4 tons/ha; c) 6 tons/ha; and d) 8 tons/ha. The rice variety used was the Kuriak Kusuik and the observed variables included: leaf color score, plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The result showed that the dosage of organic fertilizer of cow dung had significant effect on leaf color score at 56 days after planting (DAP), number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. In contrast, plant height, maximum number of tillers, panicle length, weight of 1,000 grains, and empty grain were not significantly affected. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the dosages of organic fertilizer of cow dung with the grain yield. The addition of cow dung as the organic fertilizer as much as 1 ton/ha to the soil could cause an increase in the yield of grain by 0.097 ton/ha.
Pest infestation to soybean plant results in yield losses up to 80%. Therefore, it needs to be co... more Pest infestation to soybean plant results in yield losses up to 80%. Therefore, it needs to be controlled properly. The main problem in controlling it is that far mers a nd ext ension workers a re difficult to promptly diagnose the types of main pest infecting the plant in the field. In consequence to the technology applied to control it is not appropriate. Whether it is mechanically, biologically, and chemically. To help them in making prompt decission, a user friendly tool need to be developed. One of the tools is an expert system. The development and implementation of the system were carried out at Indonesian Assessmetn Institute for Agricultural Technology (IAIAT) of West Sumatera Province and Universitas Putra Indonesia, Padang. The project was conducted from March to September 2009. The methodology applied in designing, developing, and implementing. The system was process-oriented methodology that is a model driven technique orienting to a process. The expert system generated ...
— This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province,... more — This research was conducted on rice paddy area at the Simarasok Village, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, aimed at investigating the effect of dosage of cow dung as organic fertilizer on growth, yield component and production of organic rice. The experiment was arranged using a Complete Randomized Block Design with four treatments and six replications. The treatment was organic fertilizer of cow dung composted using local microbial organisms with four dosage levels, namely: a) 2 tons/ha; b) 4 tons/ha; c) 6 tons/ha; and d) 8 tons/ha. The rice variety used was the Kuriak Kusuik and the observed variables included: leaf color score, plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, percentage of empty grain, weight of 1000 grains, and grain yield. The result showed that the dosage of organic fertilizer of cow dung had significant effect on leaf color score at 56 days after planting (DAP), number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, and grain yield. In contrast, plant height, maximum number of tillers, panicle length, weight of 1,000 grains, and empty grain were not significantly affected. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the dosages of organic fertilizer of cow dung with the grain yield. The addition of cow dung as the organic fertilizer as much as 1 ton/ha to the soil could cause an increase in the yield of grain by 0.097 ton/ha.
Pengelolaan sistem tanam yang tepat merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pa... more Pengelolaan sistem tanam yang tepat merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah secara signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa sistem tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah varietas IR-66 di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Percobaan telah dilaksanakan di Nagari Talawi Kota Sawahlunto pada bulan April sampai Juli 2011. Percobaan ditata menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima kali ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah sistem tanam yang terdiri dari tiga tingkat sistem tanam jajar legowo dan satu sistem tanam tegel, yaitu: (1) Jajar legowo 2:1; (2) Jajar legowo 3:1; (3) Jajar legowo 4:1; dan (4) Tegel (cara petani sebagai pembanding). Ukuran petakan 6x6 m. Varietas yang digunakan adalah IR-66, umur bibit 20 hari, jumlah bibit 1-3 batang/rumpun, jarak tanam 20x20 cm. Pupuk Urea diberikan 50 kg/ha umur 7 hari, selanjutnya berdasarkan BWD sehingga jumlah Urea yang diberikan sebanyak 100 kg/ha. Sedangkan pupuk SP-36 dan KCl diberikan berdasarkan PUTS sebanyak masing-masing 100 kg/ha dan 50 kg/ha umur 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil padi sawah varietas IR-66 tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan legowo 4:1 (6,46 t GKP/ha) dengan peningkatan hasil gabah mencapai 21,43% dibanding perlakuan tegel (sistem tanam petani). Selanjutnya diikuti perlakuan legowo 3:1 (6,02 t GKP/ha) dan legowo 2:1 (5,33 t GKP/ha). Kata kunci: sistem tanam, padi sawah, IR-66, legowo, tegel.
The aim of this research was to obtain maize promising lines capable to adapt well in dry acid so... more The aim of this research was to obtain maize promising lines capable to adapt well in dry acid soil, with pH <5. Research was conducted in farmer cultivation of district ) GH-12 and one existing variety as control. The experimental design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Land processed perfectly of the size map each 4x6 m. Distance plant 80x15 cm. The packages of fertilizers for maize are 300 kg urea+150 kg SP-36 +50 kg KCl per hectare. The observation of the studies were plant growth yield component and yield. The result obtained two maize promising lines (GH-1 and GH-3) capable to produce dry pods yield approximately 4,5 tons/ha and 4,2 tons/ha at dry acid dry soil in Sawahlunto(pH<5).
Di Sumatera Barat laju peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah cenderung melandai. Salah satu kompon... more Di Sumatera Barat laju peningkatan produktivitas padi sawah cenderung melandai. Salah satu komponen/input produksi yang menyebabkan penurunan atau pelandaian produksi padi adalah pemakaian bibit yang sudah tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur bibit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah serta mendapatkan umur bibit yang tepat pada padi sawah varietas IR-66 telah dilaksanakan di Talawi Kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2011. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima kali ulangan dan empat perlakuan. Perlakuannya adalah empat tingkat umur pindah bibit setelah disemai (hss), yaitu: (A) 10 hss; (B) 15 hss; (C) 20 hss; dan (D) 25 hss. Observasi awal yang dilakukan di daerah penelitian, ternyata umumnya petani menggunakan bibit umur >21 hss. Pesemaian dilakukan di luar petak percobaan dengan pengolahan tanah sempurna (OTS). Pupuk untuk pesemaian diberikan masing-masing sebanyak 25 g/m 2 Urea, SP36, dan KCl. Benih varietas IR-66 yang telah direndam selama 24 jam ditaburkan pada petak pesemaian dengan kerapatan 60 g/m 2 ． , dimana benih yang pertama kali ditebarkan adalah perlakuan D (25 hss). Perlakuan berikutnya ditebar dengan interval waktu lima hari sehingga saat tanam sesuai dengan perlakuan umur bibit. Komponen teknologi dasar PTT padi sawah yang diterapkan adalah: (1) Varitas unggul (IR-66); (2) Benih bermutu dan bibit sehat (label ungu); (3) Bahan organik (2 t pupuk kandang/ha); (4) Sistem tanam jajar legowo 4:1; (5) Pemupukan berimbang, dimana pupuk N berdasarkan Bagan Warna Daun (50 kg Urea pada umur 7 hari, dan pupuk susulan berdasarkan skor BWD sehingga total pupuk Urea yang digunakan sebanyak 100 kg/ha) dan pupuk P dan K berdasarkan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (50 kg KCl/ha dan 100 kg SP-36/ha yang diberikan umur 7 hari); dan (6) PHT sesuai kondisi di lapangan (pengendalian lalat bibit, wereng hijau, dan tungro). Sedangkan komponen teknologi pilihan PTT padi sawah yang diterapkan adalah: (1) Pengolahan tanah sesuai dengan musim tanam (1 kali bajak dan 1 kali garu menggunakan traktor); (2) Umur bibit sesuai perlakuan (10, 15, 20, dan 25 hss); (3) Tanam bibit sebanyak 1-3 batang per rumpun; (4) Penyiangan secara manual tergantung kondisi gulma di lapangan; (5) Pengairan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman (drainase berselang); dan (6) Panen menggunakan sabit dan gabah segera dirontok dengan tresher. Hasil gabah padi sawah varietas IR-66 tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan umur bibit 10 hss (5,79 t/ha) dengan peningkatan hasil gabah mencapai 20,1% dibanding perlakuan umur bibit petani. Makin lama umur bibit padi sawah IR-66 di pesemaian maka hasil gabah cenderung menurun.
The Strength Competitiveness of Lokal Lowland Rice Variety in West Sumatera. The assesment needs ... more The Strength Competitiveness of Lokal Lowland Rice Variety in West Sumatera. The assesment needs to be done to determine the causes of farmers preference in choosing lokal varieties. The purpose of the assessment is to examine the strength competitiveness of lokal varieties than national varieties from social economic aspects, to be used as a development strategy of national superior variety. Research done on 2012 in the Pesisir Selatan, Padang Pariaman and Agam Districts. The information obtained with surveys ways to 60 respondens each location. Data was analyzed as descriptive and cross tabulation ways. The assessment results concluded that competitiveness of lokal varieties is higher than superior varieties, seen from the higher location distribution of lokal varieties (62,2%) than superior varieties (37,8%), utilization of lokal varieties (76%) is higher than superior varities (24%), and more than 50% farmers tend to use lokal varieties. The reason people still survive using lokal varieties primarily because of "taste / flavor". VUB that suitable for development in West Sumatra is the rice that "pera" taste, then the lokal varieties of rice of West Sumatra who have high yield and spread wide, should be proposed in order to enrich the varieties of rice varieties in Indonesia by using the "lokal name", and a lokal variety of rice that is low power, but the result is still in demand and its grows distribution still widespread, then it should be fixed so that its productivity and incomes can be increased.
Soybean crop management on dry acid soil. Soybean is one of the especial commodities of legume. I... more Soybean crop management on dry acid soil. Soybean is one of the especial commodities of legume. Indonesia every year import soybean counted 1.2 million ton and soybean oil cake 1.3 million ton finishing state's stock exchange around Rp.5 billion. To anticipate the fact, year 2006 until 2010, program cymbal government "Bangkit Kedelai", one of them soybean development at dry acid soil and improvement of planting intensity for the width of 500.000 hectare during 5 year. Soybean development in acid soil, for example: low pH, availability of organic materials, P, and low CEC so that produce to become lower. Conducting soybean technology suggested for the soybean in dry acid soil is technological merger ameliorant with usage of resistance varieties acidly. Besides, time planted, space of planting, maintenance of crop, and harvesting time is influencing of soybean product increase.
Cultural Practice of Batang Piaman Improve Rice Variety. Generally rice consumer in Indonesia mor... more Cultural Practice of Batang Piaman Improve Rice Variety. Generally rice consumer in Indonesia more like sticky rice or amylase content 20 to 24 percent. However West Sumatra rice consumer more like rice with amylase content more than 24% so IR 42 was released 1980 and Cisokan was released 1986 the most popular and had been being broadcast in West Sumatra. To make others variety with amylase content more than 24% West Sumatra Assessment Institute Agricultural Technology collaborated with Sukamandi Rice Research Institute to find the new rice variety. This collaboration hoped find new improve rice variety with amylase content more than 24%. The result of this collaboration was released Batang Piaman rice variety at 19 October 2003 by Agricultural Department of Indonesia. So, Agricultural Commission of Agricultural recommended this variety for local specific West Sumatra. To developing this variety in West Sumatra, the some cultural practices have to adopt by the farmers: (1) seedling old; (2) amount of seedling; (3) planting method. Replanting recommended 18 to 20 day after seedling and a seedling/hill. So recommend shafter planting method, because this system can increasing yield 17 to 38%.
Practice. West Sumatra represent prop of requirement of national rice, specially for the province... more Practice. West Sumatra represent prop of requirement of national rice, specially for the province of neighbour, like: Riau, Bengkulu, and Jambi marked with rice surplus every year so that sending it become one of the province in Indonesia as national rice mow. Primary factor pushing product increase of paddy in West Sumatra come from wide of improvement of crop (1.63% per year). Meanwhile downhill productivity exactly equal to 0.12% per caused year: (1) lowering of usage of certifiable seed because its costly price relative so that farmer tend to use seed alone or from other farmer; (2) usage of is same variety repeatedly without purification;
Masyarakat Minangkabau adalah masyarakat agraris, dan sawah merupakan sektor produksi yang paling... more Masyarakat Minangkabau adalah masyarakat agraris, dan sawah merupakan sektor produksi yang paling utama bagi masyarakat. Padi adalah sumber ekonomi masyarakat Minangkabau semenjak dahulu kala, oleh sebab itu budaya sawah sangat melekat dan tergambar dari tiap-tiap tahapan kegiatan pengerjaan sawah yang sarat dengan unsur budaya dan sosial. Pengusahaan sektor ekonomi primer sawah dilaksanakan dalam sistem kolektif dan ditujukan untuk keberlangsungan hidup komunal masyarakat Minangkabau (Navis A.A. 1984).
Kehilangan hasil kedelai akibat serangan hama dapat menurunkan hasil sampai 80%, bahkan puso apab... more Kehilangan hasil kedelai akibat serangan hama dapat menurunkan hasil sampai 80%, bahkan puso apabila tidak ada tindakan pengendalian. Kendala utama dalam melakukan pengendalian adalah sukarnya petani atau penyuluh dalam mendiagnosis jenis hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kedelai di lapangan secara dini/cepat serta sekaligus menerapkan teknologi pengendaliannya yang tepat baik secara mekanis, biologis, dan kimiawi. Untuk membantu petani atau penyuluh dalam pengambilan keputusan lebih dini dan cepat, perlu adanya teknologi alat bantu yang mudah digunakan dan mudah dipahami. Salah satu teknologi yang berkembang saat ini untuk pengambilan keputusan tersebut adalah memanfaatkan Aplikasi Sistem Pakar. Untuk itu dilakukan perancangan dan implementasi sistem pakar pengendalian hama utama kedelai (Sipakar Hatmalai) di Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Sumatera Barat di Sukarami Solok dan Universitas Putra Indonesia "YPTK" Padang pada bulan Maret sampai September 2009. Menggunakan pendekatan terstruktur atau metodologi berbasiskan proses (process-oriented methodologies) yang merupakan sebuah teknik model driven dan berpusat pada proses, yang digunakan untuk menganalisis sistem yang ada dan mendefinisikan persyaratan-persyaratan bisnis untuk sebuah sistem baru atau kedua-duanya. Bertujuan untuk melakukan rancang bangun dan implementasi perangkat lunak sistem pakar dalam mendiagnosis hama utama tanaman kedelai dan teknologi pengendaliannya secara mekanis, biologis, dan kimiawi dengan nama "Sipakar Hatmalai". -tahapan kerja, meliputi: (a) Perumusan Masalah; (b) Menetapkan Tujuan; (c) Studi Pustaka; (d) Pengumpulan Data dan Informasi; (e) Analisis Sistem; (f) Perancangan Basis Data; (g) Perancangan Basis Pengetahuan; (h) Perancangan Antar Muka
Soybean production in the province West Sumatra from 1996 until 2009 does not seem stable from ye... more Soybean production in the province West Sumatra from 1996 until 2009 does not seem stable from year to year and even a drastic decrease, reaching 76%. Soybean productivity is still low (range from 1.10 to 1.69 t/ha) compared to its potential and abroad that can reach 2.5 to 3 t/ha with a harvest area fluctuates very significantly. Meanwhile, the need for raw materials by the company's soybean processing tahu/tempe enough large, which is 241.05 tons per month, or 2,892.6 tons per year. This article contains about the problems of soybean and technological support for the development of soybean (low land and dry land) in West Sumatra. The methodology of writing a book study (literature) on soybean commodity that comes from books, proceedings, journals, papers and others. The result, soybean development strategy in the province of West Sumatra can be directed at three main agro-ecosystem, namely: irrigated land, rainfall land and dry land. However, in the lowland rice (43 817 ha of rainfall rice, 43,094 ha of lowland rice irrigated villages, 48,069 ha of lowland rice simple irrigated, and 67,457 ha of lowland rice irrigated semi-technical) and upland (gardens/ 329 528 ha, field for dry rice cultivation 132,240, and 595,516 ha of plantation) the greatest potential for development of soybean plants. Mechanical cultivation of soybean in lowland and dryland in almost the same. However, in some cases there are differences, especially the use of new varieties, land preparation, and delivery of lime /organic materials.
The highest production of soybean in Indonesia was get in 1992 (1,87 million ton). But afterwards... more The highest production of soybean in Indonesia was get in 1992 (1,87 million ton). But afterwards, the soybean production had been being decrease, and in 2003 the soybean production only 0,672 million ton. Its mean in teen years the production decrease 64 percent. However, the domestics consumption of soybean had been being increasing, so the import of soybean have been increasing. In 2004 the import of soybean about 1,307 million ton, To increase soybean nation product these were five strategy: (1) Increasing the price; (2) Extensification of land use; (3) Soybean intensification; (4) Improve culture practice; and (5) Consistency program and seriously of government. The development of soybean should be priority in provinces have land like East Java, Middle Java, West Sumatra, West Papua, West Java, and South Celebes. Soybean farm can expand to Lampung, N.A. Darusalam, Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, and South-East Celebes by Integrated Crop Management (ICM). The local government should be lead and some any police to improve soybean production.
Demand of soybean commodity will be increasing, but trend of domestic product is decreasing. West... more Demand of soybean commodity will be increasing, but trend of domestic product is decreasing. West Sumatra average product of soy bean in West Sumatra is 1.2 t/ha while its potency can be 2 t/ha. If its planting at fertile land, the yield will be 2.5-3.0 t/ha. To get optimum soybean production require to be paid attention technological component, covering: planting time, varieties, requirement of seed, preparation of farm, cultivation, rhyzobium inoculation
Integrasi tanaman-ternak merupakan kegiatan usahatani yang memadukan kegiatan usaha pertanian dan... more Integrasi tanaman-ternak merupakan kegiatan usahatani yang memadukan kegiatan usaha pertanian dan usaha peternakan. di areal pertanaman tanpa mengganggu aktivitas dan produktivitas tanaman dan ternak tersebut, bahkan sebaliknya mampu meningkatkan produktivitasnya, seperti: integrasi jagung-sapi, kelapa sawit-sapi, dan kakao-sapi. Potensi limbah tanaman jagung sekitar 43 juta ton yang dapat menghasilkan >10 juta ton pupuk organik dan >18 juta ton silase. Pupuk organik dapat dimanfaatkan untuk >3,4 juta ha lahan pertanian, sedangkan silase dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pakan sekitar 8 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah kelapa sawit hampir sebesar 37 juta ton yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pakan sekitar 16,5 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah kakao hampir sebanyak 73 juta ton untuk pakan sekitar 32,6 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah ternak sapi berupa urine sekitar 25 milyar liter dan pupuk kandang sebanyak 47 juta ton yang dapat diaplikasikan berturut-turut untuk hampir 156 juta ha dan >15,6 juta ha lahan pertanian. Teknologi peningkatan produktivitas sekaligus limbah tanaman jagung, kelapa sawit, kakao, dan ternak sapi melalui konsep integrasi tanaman-ternak sudah banyak ditemukan. Buku ini berisi informasi tentang inovasi teknologi integrasi tanaman-ternak, khususnya tentang integrasi jagung-sapi, kelapa sawit-sapi, dan kakao-sapi.Integrasi tanaman-ternak merupakan kegiatan usahatani yang memadukan kegiatan usaha pertanian dan usaha peternakan. di areal pertanaman tanpa mengganggu aktivitas dan produktivitas tanaman dan ternak tersebut, bahkan sebaliknya mampu meningkatkan produktivitasnya, seperti: integrasi jagung-sapi, kelapa sawit-sapi, dan kakao-sapi. Potensi limbah tanaman jagung sekitar 43 juta ton yang dapat menghasilkan >10 juta ton pupuk organik dan >18 juta ton silase. Pupuk organik dapat dimanfaatkan untuk >3,4 juta ha lahan pertanian, sedangkan silase dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pakan sekitar 8 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah kelapa sawit hampir sebesar 37 juta ton yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pakan sekitar 16,5 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah kakao hampir sebanyak 73 juta ton untuk pakan sekitar 32,6 juta ekor ternak sapi dewasa. Potensi limbah ternak sapi berupa urine sekitar 25 milyar liter dan pupuk kandang sebanyak 47 juta ton yang dapat diaplikasikan berturut-turut untuk hampir 156 juta ha dan >15,6 juta ha lahan pertanian. Teknologi peningkatan produktivitas sekaligus limbah tanaman jagung, kelapa sawit, kakao, dan ternak sapi melalui konsep integrasi tanaman-ternak sudah banyak ditemukan. Buku ini berisi informasi tentang inovasi teknologi integrasi tanaman-ternak, khususnya tentang integrasi jagung-sapi, kelapa sawit-sapi, dan kakao-sapi.
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