ABSTRACT The economic and social interactions of tree planting on farms in Haryana were investiga... more ABSTRACT The economic and social interactions of tree planting on farms in Haryana were investigated by means of a pilot survey followed by the issue of a questionnaire. Virtually all farmers in three villages in N Haryana were interviewed. The three main crop plants were sugarcane, rice and wheat, with maize and mustard being important secondary species. Populus deltoides vars. were planted on the majority of farm boundaries with Eucalyptus spp. on a minority. The data were used to generate Farm Household Models. The aim of the study was to optimise, using five possible situations, the most suitable balance in socio-economic terms of crops and trees. First year plantings were separated from annualised plantings and both were investigated under situations where capital borrowing was either restricted or unrestricted. Growing trees only on boundaries would result in a substantial increase in gross margins. A comparison of woodlot and alley plantings with boundary or no tree planting indicated that a combination of unrestricted woodlot and alley cropping was the most profitable. Such a plan is not appropriate, however, where social needs related to crop production and livestock maintenance need to be accommodated.
This chapter describes the UK renewable energy policy reforms implemented in 2015, placing these ... more This chapter describes the UK renewable energy policy reforms implemented in 2015, placing these events in historical and European context and analysing the discourse and underlying rationale from which they emerged. Presenting a detailed overview of reforms implemented around renewable energy support mechanisms, we examine the implications for different technologies and scales of deployment, focussing on renewable electricity. Drawing on reports and statements issued by the newly elected 2015 government and analysing reforms in the context of UK’s broader energy and climate mitigation policy, we find that historical and deep-rooted party political narratives around renewable energy have remained virtually unchanged since debates leading up to the 1990 Electricity Act. Finally, looking forward, we explore the prospects for Scottish Government public support and for ‘subsidy-free renewable energy’.
... One of the major challenges facing forest owners' associations is the multi-functionalit... more ... One of the major challenges facing forest owners' associations is the multi-functionality of forests ... This demonstrates a strong propensity for cross-sectoral working between forestry, tourism and economic development ... Development of Small-scale Forest Enterprises in Europe ...
Innovation in forestry: territorial and value chain relationships, 2011
This chapter analyses the role of networks in the development of the markets for non-wood forest ... more This chapter analyses the role of networks in the development of the markets for non-wood forest products and services (NWFP&S) with reference to experiences gained in northern and Mediterranean Europe (using cases from Finland and Italy). The aim of the work has been to analyse a number of selected case studies within the theoretical framework developed by Varamäki and Vesalainen (2003) in order to demonstrate the relevance of networks in NWFP&S development. In the Mediterranean region, high population density, poverty and low wood productivity of forests have traditionally stimulated an intensive use of all potentially available sources of food, fodder and raw materials. In northern Europe, there is also a strong culture of utilizing forest products and, especially with the recent crises in the wood industry, interest in other uses of forests has increased. The enterprises dealing with NWFP&S are typically small or micro-sized and usually, except in a few cases, the turnover gener...
Innovation in forestry: territorial and value chain relationships, 2011
Nature-based tourism is a rapidly growing industry sector providing new sources of livelihood for... more Nature-based tourism is a rapidly growing industry sector providing new sources of livelihood for rural areas to diversify the traditional economies. Although innovativeness is an important element in the competitiveness of companies, the level of innovations in nature tourism and recreation services has not been reported as very high. The innovations in nature-based tourism typically occur not as a result of specific innovation systems, but rather 'between' the existing ones, and as a result of spontaneous, project-oriented cooperation of various public and private actors. These actors play a significant role in creating new ideas and cooperation is essential for their successful development. However, combining multiple actors to cross-sectoral networks is a challenge, particularly when small and micro-companies are concerned. By using case studies across Europe, this chapter aims to illustrate what kind of cooperation types exist between nature-based tourism enterprises an...
Rural tourism and recreation have emerged as significant parts of the rural economy in the Europe... more Rural tourism and recreation have emerged as significant parts of the rural economy in the European Union. This diverse sector is highly variable in character, and its employment importance varies greatly over space, with farm household members sometimes highly engaged and sometimes rather disengaged from the provision of the associated services. The regional social, cultural and economic benefits depend on the type of tourism and the structure of regional economy. Where interesting cultural landscapes are juxtaposed with low-intensity farming and strong local food cultures, there is often a strong agri-tourism sector. Rural tourism and recreation are not without controversy: the sector may be overhyped as a development strategy in remote areas, and some forms of tourism such as second homes can disrupt local housing markets and exacerbate social tensions. However, in general, rural tourism and recreation can be seen as positive contributors to European rural economies, and they contribute significantly to rural employment.
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4201.35175(1) / BLDSC - British Li... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4201.35175(1) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
This article reviews the development of interest in the relationship between forestry and rural d... more This article reviews the development of interest in the relationship between forestry and rural development in developed countries and, using evidence from recent research in Europe, suggests a need for a widening of the methods by which economic impacts are investigated. This need for a widening of the approaches to economic appraisal of impacts stems from the profound halo effects evident in the UK case studies, which circumstantial evidence suggests are likely to be replicated in the more developed and densely populated parts of Europe.
The COST Action FP1201 FACESMAP Country Reports are edited by the European Forest Institute Centr... more The COST Action FP1201 FACESMAP Country Reports are edited by the European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE) at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). The Country Reports are not subject to external peer review. The responsibility for the contents of the Country Reports lies solely with the country author teams. Comments and critique by readers are highly appreciated. The main parts of these Country Reports will be included in the upcoming EFICEEC-EFISEE
ABSTRACT The economic and social interactions of tree planting on farms in Haryana were investiga... more ABSTRACT The economic and social interactions of tree planting on farms in Haryana were investigated by means of a pilot survey followed by the issue of a questionnaire. Virtually all farmers in three villages in N Haryana were interviewed. The three main crop plants were sugarcane, rice and wheat, with maize and mustard being important secondary species. Populus deltoides vars. were planted on the majority of farm boundaries with Eucalyptus spp. on a minority. The data were used to generate Farm Household Models. The aim of the study was to optimise, using five possible situations, the most suitable balance in socio-economic terms of crops and trees. First year plantings were separated from annualised plantings and both were investigated under situations where capital borrowing was either restricted or unrestricted. Growing trees only on boundaries would result in a substantial increase in gross margins. A comparison of woodlot and alley plantings with boundary or no tree planting indicated that a combination of unrestricted woodlot and alley cropping was the most profitable. Such a plan is not appropriate, however, where social needs related to crop production and livestock maintenance need to be accommodated.
This chapter describes the UK renewable energy policy reforms implemented in 2015, placing these ... more This chapter describes the UK renewable energy policy reforms implemented in 2015, placing these events in historical and European context and analysing the discourse and underlying rationale from which they emerged. Presenting a detailed overview of reforms implemented around renewable energy support mechanisms, we examine the implications for different technologies and scales of deployment, focussing on renewable electricity. Drawing on reports and statements issued by the newly elected 2015 government and analysing reforms in the context of UK’s broader energy and climate mitigation policy, we find that historical and deep-rooted party political narratives around renewable energy have remained virtually unchanged since debates leading up to the 1990 Electricity Act. Finally, looking forward, we explore the prospects for Scottish Government public support and for ‘subsidy-free renewable energy’.
... One of the major challenges facing forest owners' associations is the multi-functionalit... more ... One of the major challenges facing forest owners' associations is the multi-functionality of forests ... This demonstrates a strong propensity for cross-sectoral working between forestry, tourism and economic development ... Development of Small-scale Forest Enterprises in Europe ...
Innovation in forestry: territorial and value chain relationships, 2011
This chapter analyses the role of networks in the development of the markets for non-wood forest ... more This chapter analyses the role of networks in the development of the markets for non-wood forest products and services (NWFP&S) with reference to experiences gained in northern and Mediterranean Europe (using cases from Finland and Italy). The aim of the work has been to analyse a number of selected case studies within the theoretical framework developed by Varamäki and Vesalainen (2003) in order to demonstrate the relevance of networks in NWFP&S development. In the Mediterranean region, high population density, poverty and low wood productivity of forests have traditionally stimulated an intensive use of all potentially available sources of food, fodder and raw materials. In northern Europe, there is also a strong culture of utilizing forest products and, especially with the recent crises in the wood industry, interest in other uses of forests has increased. The enterprises dealing with NWFP&S are typically small or micro-sized and usually, except in a few cases, the turnover gener...
Innovation in forestry: territorial and value chain relationships, 2011
Nature-based tourism is a rapidly growing industry sector providing new sources of livelihood for... more Nature-based tourism is a rapidly growing industry sector providing new sources of livelihood for rural areas to diversify the traditional economies. Although innovativeness is an important element in the competitiveness of companies, the level of innovations in nature tourism and recreation services has not been reported as very high. The innovations in nature-based tourism typically occur not as a result of specific innovation systems, but rather 'between' the existing ones, and as a result of spontaneous, project-oriented cooperation of various public and private actors. These actors play a significant role in creating new ideas and cooperation is essential for their successful development. However, combining multiple actors to cross-sectoral networks is a challenge, particularly when small and micro-companies are concerned. By using case studies across Europe, this chapter aims to illustrate what kind of cooperation types exist between nature-based tourism enterprises an...
Rural tourism and recreation have emerged as significant parts of the rural economy in the Europe... more Rural tourism and recreation have emerged as significant parts of the rural economy in the European Union. This diverse sector is highly variable in character, and its employment importance varies greatly over space, with farm household members sometimes highly engaged and sometimes rather disengaged from the provision of the associated services. The regional social, cultural and economic benefits depend on the type of tourism and the structure of regional economy. Where interesting cultural landscapes are juxtaposed with low-intensity farming and strong local food cultures, there is often a strong agri-tourism sector. Rural tourism and recreation are not without controversy: the sector may be overhyped as a development strategy in remote areas, and some forms of tourism such as second homes can disrupt local housing markets and exacerbate social tensions. However, in general, rural tourism and recreation can be seen as positive contributors to European rural economies, and they contribute significantly to rural employment.
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4201.35175(1) / BLDSC - British Li... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:4201.35175(1) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
This article reviews the development of interest in the relationship between forestry and rural d... more This article reviews the development of interest in the relationship between forestry and rural development in developed countries and, using evidence from recent research in Europe, suggests a need for a widening of the methods by which economic impacts are investigated. This need for a widening of the approaches to economic appraisal of impacts stems from the profound halo effects evident in the UK case studies, which circumstantial evidence suggests are likely to be replicated in the more developed and densely populated parts of Europe.
The COST Action FP1201 FACESMAP Country Reports are edited by the European Forest Institute Centr... more The COST Action FP1201 FACESMAP Country Reports are edited by the European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE) at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). The Country Reports are not subject to external peer review. The responsibility for the contents of the Country Reports lies solely with the country author teams. Comments and critique by readers are highly appreciated. The main parts of these Country Reports will be included in the upcoming EFICEEC-EFISEE
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