{"id":23237,"date":"2024-09-07T16:10:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-07T09:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huongdanjava.com\/?p=23237"},"modified":"2025-07-16T11:03:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T04:03:08","slug":"introduction-to-grpc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/huongdanjava.com\/introduction-to-grpc.html","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to gRPC"},"content":{"rendered":"

RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call, which is a mechanism that allows you to call a function or method of a program on one machine from another machine. It’s similar to RMI, Remote Method Invocation, in Java! gRPC<\/a> is an open-source, high-performance framework implemented by Google for RPC. In this tutorial, I will introduce you to some basic knowledge about gRPC and implement an example to see how gRPC works!<\/p>\n

The first thing I need to tell you is that gRPC supports many different languages. For Java, we will use gRPC Java here https:\/\/grpc.io\/docs\/languages\/java\/<\/a><\/p>\n

With gRPC, the message sent will be in binary form using the protocol buffer (protobuf). Simply put, the protocol buffer is a protocol that does not depend on programming language or platform, used to serialize structured data. Thanks to that, different languages \u200b\u200bcan serialize or deserialize gRPC messages easily.<\/p>\n

And gRPC uses HTTP\/2 to establish communication between parties!<\/p>\n

Now, I will try to make an example of creating a new gRPC server with Java and using Postman to call a method inside this gRPC server to see how gRPC works!<\/p>\n

I will create a new Maven project as an example:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

We need to declare gRPC dependencies as follows:<\/p>\n

<dependencyManagement>\r\n  <dependencies>\r\n    <dependency>\r\n      <groupId>io.grpc<\/groupId>\r\n      <artifactId>grpc-bom<\/artifactId>\r\n      <version>${grpc.version}<\/version>\r\n      <type>pom<\/type>\r\n      <scope>import<\/scope>\r\n    <\/dependency>\r\n  <\/dependencies>\r\n<\/dependencyManagement>\r\n\r\n<dependencies>\r\n  <dependency>\r\n    <groupId>io.grpc<\/groupId>\r\n    <artifactId>grpc-netty<\/artifactId>\r\n  <\/dependency>\r\n  <dependency>\r\n    <groupId>io.grpc<\/groupId>\r\n    <artifactId>grpc-stub<\/artifactId>\r\n  <\/dependency>\r\n  <dependency>\r\n    <groupId>io.grpc<\/groupId>\r\n    <artifactId>grpc-protobuf<\/artifactId>\r\n  <\/dependency>\r\n<\/dependencies><\/pre>\n
with “grpc.version” having the following value:<\/p>\n
<properties>\r\n  ...\r\n  \r\n  <grpc.version>1.73.0<\/grpc.version>\r\n<\/properties><\/pre>\n
We will start building the gRPC server by defining the services that the gRPC server provides using a .proto file.<\/strong><\/p>\n
Define service contract<\/h3>\n
The content of this .proto file will define the protocol and service contract in the format of Google Protocol Buffer!<\/p>\n
I will create a new helloworld.proto file in the \/src\/main\/proto folder:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
to define a simple service that returns the text “Hello <name> from Huong Dan Java” when called.<\/p>\n
The contents of this .proto file are as follows:<\/p>\n
syntax = \"proto3\";\r\n\r\noption java_multiple_files = true;\r\n\r\npackage com.huongdanjava.grpc;\r\n\r\nmessage HelloRequest {\r\n  string name = 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\nmessage HelloResponse {\r\n  string message = 1;\r\n}\r\n\r\nservice HelloService {\r\n  rpc hello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloResponse);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Protocol Buffer currently has 2 versions: 2 and 3. I will use version 3 as you can see in the syntax = “proto3”<\/em> line above.<\/p>\n
After defining the service contract using the .proto file, we will use gRPC’s Protocol Buffer Compiler tool<\/a> to generate source code. By default, this tool will generate Java code into a .java file. We use the java_multiple_files = true<\/em> option to change this default configuration. Then, the Protocol Buffer Compiler will generate separate .java files!<\/p>\n
We define the package using the package keyword like in Java!<\/p>\n
To define the messages that will be used to exchange between systems with gRPC, we use the message<\/em> keyword along with defining the content of that message. As in the example above, I am defining 2 different messages: HelloRequest and Hello Response. Each message will contain attributes along with the data type and order of these attributes in the message.<\/p>\n
The service keyword is used to define the services that gRPC will expose to the outside. Each service will contain many operations and we will use the rpc<\/em> keyword to define these operations. As you can see, we will use messages as input and output for the operations.<\/p>\n
So we have a simple gRPC service contract. Now it’s time for us to use Protocol Buffer Compiler to generate Java code to implement this service.<\/strong><\/p>\n
You can refer to this article<\/a> to generate Java code!<\/p>\n
After generating Java code, we need to implement the hello() method of the HelloServiceImplBase class in the HelloServiceGrpc file to complete our gRPC service.<\/p>\n
Implement gRPC service<\/h3>\n
You can create a new class that extends the HelloServiceImplBase class and implement the hello() method as follows:<\/p>\n
package com.huongdanjava.grpc;\r\n\r\nimport io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;\r\n\r\npublic class HelloServiceImpl extends HelloServiceGrpc.HelloServiceImplBase {\r\n\r\n  @Override\r\n  public void hello(HelloRequest request, StreamObserver<HelloResponse> responseObserver) {\r\n    String greeting = \"Hello \" + request.getName() + \" from Huong Dan Java\";\r\n\r\n    HelloResponse response = HelloResponse.newBuilder()\r\n        .setMessage(greeting)\r\n        .build();\r\n\r\n    responseObserver.onNext(response);\r\n    responseObserver.onCompleted();\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
We will use the StreamObserver class object to return the result to the client every time there is a request, after building the HelloResponse object!<\/p>\n
Now, we will add code to implement the gRPC server in the main() method of the application as follows:<\/p>\n
package com.huongdanjava.grpc;\r\n\r\nimport io.grpc.Server;\r\nimport io.grpc.ServerBuilder;\r\nimport java.io.IOException;\r\n\r\npublic class Main {\r\n\r\n  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {\r\n    Server server = ServerBuilder\r\n        .forPort(8080)\r\n        .addService(new HelloServiceImpl()).build();\r\n\r\n    server.start();\r\n    server.awaitTermination();\r\n  }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
We will run the gRPC server using port 8080 with the service pointing to the service we implemented above. As you can see, I used the Server class of gRPC Java to do this.<\/p>\n
We need to call the awaitTermination() method to keep the gRPC server running until we terminate the application!<\/p>\n
Now, if you run the application and use Postman to call the hello operation of the gRPC server with the message:<\/p>\n
{\r\n    \"name\": \"Khanh\"\r\n}<\/pre>\n
you will see the following results:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
So we have implemented a basic gRPC server!<\/p>\n\n\n
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RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call, which is a mechanism that allows you to call a function or method of a program on one machine from another machine. It’s similar to RMI, Remote Method Invocation, in Java! gRPC is an open-source, high-performance framework implemented by… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23196,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2409],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grpc-en","clearfix"],"yoast_head":"\nIntroduction to gRPC - Huong Dan Java<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, I introduce you to the gRPC, some basic knowledge, and an example of implementing a gRPC server.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/huongdanjava.com\/introduction-to-grpc.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction to gRPC - 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