In the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated separately with aqueous, ethanol, acetone and... more In the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated separately with aqueous, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of the seeds of B. nigra, the increase in serum glucose value between 0 and 1 hr of glucose tolerance test (GTT) was the least (29 mg/dl) in aqueous extract treated animals while it was 54, 44 and 44mg/dl with chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts respectively. In further studies carried out with aqueous extract, the effective dose was found to be 200 mg/kg body weight in GTT. Administration of 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract to diabetic animals daily once for one month brought down fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels while in the untreated group FSG remained at a higher value. In the treated animals the increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipids was much less when compared with the levels in untreated diabetic controls. These findings suggest that further studies with the aqueous extract of B. nigra seeds on its antidiabetic activity would be useful.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 6% of population worldwide with... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 6% of population worldwide with its complications and is rapidly reaching epidemic scale. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is widely used in alternative system of medicine for treatment of diabetes. In the present study, we have performed bioassay guided fractionation of chloroform extract of C. zeylaniucm and identified cinnamaldehyde (CND) as an active principle against diabetes. In continuation to it, a detailed study was undertaken to elucidate its mode of antidiabetic action in STZ induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of CND (20 mg/kg bw) to diabetic rats for 2 months showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in muscle and hepatic glycogen content. In vitro incubation of pancreatic islets with CND enhanced the insulin release compared to glibenclamide. The insulinotropic effect of CND was found to increase the glucose uptake through glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in peripheral tissues. The treatment also showed a significant improvement in altered enzyme activities of pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and their mRNA expression levels.
A266C/I1115C), NBD1/ICL4 (A481C/S909C) and NBD1/NBD2 (A431C/ A1074C). All the mutants showed modu... more A266C/I1115C), NBD1/ICL4 (A481C/S909C) and NBD1/NBD2 (A431C/ A1074C). All the mutants showed modulation of crosslinking with change in protein conformation from APO to ADP-trapped. In the mutant T173C/ T816C, the transmission of signal from the ATP-binding sites to TM3 and TM9 may occur via intracellular loops ICL1 and ICL3. This is highlighted by the fact that substitution of conserved residues D164 and D805 with Cys in ICL1 and ICL3, respectively reduced the basal ATPase activity and was unaffected by addition of inhibitors such as tariquidar and cyclosporine A. In addition, Cys sites in the Walker A domain of both NBD's cross linked in apo conformation to 20-25 Å long crosslinkers. This suggests that the ATP sites are much closer than predicted by the homology model of human Pgp (36 Å ) based on the mouse Pgp structure. In aggregate, the broad distance measurements from PDS and disulfide crosslinking suggest high degree of flexibility in Pgp.
We investigated the antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of roots of Ricinus communis (... more We investigated the antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of roots of Ricinus communis (RCRE) along with its bioassay-guided purification. Five-hundred milligram per kilogram body weight appeared to be the effective dose as it caused the maximum lowering of the fasting blood glucose, both in normal as well as type 1 diabetic animals. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was always observed at the 8th h up to which the study has been conducted.
In the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated separately with aqueous, ethanol, acetone and... more In the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated separately with aqueous, ethanol, acetone and chloroform extracts of the seeds of B. nigra, the increase in serum glucose value between 0 and 1 hr of glucose tolerance test (GTT) was the least (29 mg/dl) in aqueous extract treated animals while it was 54, 44 and 44mg/dl with chloroform, acetone and ethanol extracts respectively. In further studies carried out with aqueous extract, the effective dose was found to be 200 mg/kg body weight in GTT. Administration of 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract to diabetic animals daily once for one month brought down fasting serum glucose (FSG) levels while in the untreated group FSG remained at a higher value. In the treated animals the increase in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum lipids was much less when compared with the levels in untreated diabetic controls. These findings suggest that further studies with the aqueous extract of B. nigra seeds on its antidiabetic activity would be useful.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 6% of population worldwide with... more Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting about 6% of population worldwide with its complications and is rapidly reaching epidemic scale. Cinnamomum zeylanicum is widely used in alternative system of medicine for treatment of diabetes. In the present study, we have performed bioassay guided fractionation of chloroform extract of C. zeylaniucm and identified cinnamaldehyde (CND) as an active principle against diabetes. In continuation to it, a detailed study was undertaken to elucidate its mode of antidiabetic action in STZ induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of CND (20 mg/kg bw) to diabetic rats for 2 months showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in muscle and hepatic glycogen content. In vitro incubation of pancreatic islets with CND enhanced the insulin release compared to glibenclamide. The insulinotropic effect of CND was found to increase the glucose uptake through glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in peripheral tissues. The treatment also showed a significant improvement in altered enzyme activities of pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and their mRNA expression levels.
A266C/I1115C), NBD1/ICL4 (A481C/S909C) and NBD1/NBD2 (A431C/ A1074C). All the mutants showed modu... more A266C/I1115C), NBD1/ICL4 (A481C/S909C) and NBD1/NBD2 (A431C/ A1074C). All the mutants showed modulation of crosslinking with change in protein conformation from APO to ADP-trapped. In the mutant T173C/ T816C, the transmission of signal from the ATP-binding sites to TM3 and TM9 may occur via intracellular loops ICL1 and ICL3. This is highlighted by the fact that substitution of conserved residues D164 and D805 with Cys in ICL1 and ICL3, respectively reduced the basal ATPase activity and was unaffected by addition of inhibitors such as tariquidar and cyclosporine A. In addition, Cys sites in the Walker A domain of both NBD's cross linked in apo conformation to 20-25 Å long crosslinkers. This suggests that the ATP sites are much closer than predicted by the homology model of human Pgp (36 Å ) based on the mouse Pgp structure. In aggregate, the broad distance measurements from PDS and disulfide crosslinking suggest high degree of flexibility in Pgp.
We investigated the antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of roots of Ricinus communis (... more We investigated the antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of roots of Ricinus communis (RCRE) along with its bioassay-guided purification. Five-hundred milligram per kilogram body weight appeared to be the effective dose as it caused the maximum lowering of the fasting blood glucose, both in normal as well as type 1 diabetic animals. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was always observed at the 8th h up to which the study has been conducted.
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