Papers by Avraham N Kluger
The Listening Circle is a method for improving listening in organizations. It involves people si... more The Listening Circle is a method for improving listening in organizations. It involves people sitting in a circle where only one talks at a time. Talking turns are signaled by a talking object. Although there are several reports regarding the effectiveness of the Listening Circle, most are based on case studies, or confounded with another intervention, and do not use theory to predict the listening-induced outcomes. We predicted that perceiving good listening decreases employees’ social anxiety, which allows them to engage in deeper introspection, as reflected by increased self-awareness. This increased self-awareness enables an acknowledgment of the pros and cons of various work-related attitudes, and can lead to attitudes that are objectively more ambivalent and less extreme. Further, we hypothesized that experiencing good listening will enable speakers to accept their contradictions without the evaluative conflict usually associated with it (subjective-attitude ambivalence). In three quasi-experiments (N's = 31, 66, 83) we compared the effects of a Listening Circle workshop to a self-enhancement workshop (Studies 1 and 2), a conflict-management workshop (Study 2), and to employees who did not receive any training (Study 3), and found consistent support for the hypotheses. Our results suggest that the Listening Circle is an effective intervention that can benefit organizations.
Psychological Bulletin, 1996
... Baron, RA (1988). Negative effects of destructive criticism: Impact on conflict, self-efficac... more ... Baron, RA (1988). Negative effects of destructive criticism: Impact on conflict, self-efficacy and task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(2), 199-207. ...
Psychological Bulletin, 1996
... 1988). Computer-generated performance feedback in the magazine-subscriptionindustry. Organiza... more ... 1988). Computer-generated performance feedback in the magazine-subscriptionindustry. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 41, 50-64. ... time. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 341-347. ...
Psychological Bulletin, 2001
When psychologists test a commonsense (CS) hypothesis and obtain no support, they tend to erroneo... more When psychologists test a commonsense (CS) hypothesis and obtain no support, they tend to erroneously conclude that the CS belief is wrong. In many such cases it appears, after many years, that the CS hypothesis was valid after all. It is argued that this error of accepting the "theoretical" null hypothesis reflects confusion between the operationalized hypothesis and the theory or generalization that it is designed to test. That is, on the basis of reliable null data one can accept the operationalized null hypothesis (e.g., "A measure of attitude x is not correlated with a measure of behavior y"). In contrast, one cannot generalize from the findings and accept the abstract or theoretical null (e.g., "We know that attitudes do not predict behavior"). The practice of accepting the theoretical null hypothesis hampers research and reduces the trust of the public in psychological research.
Personnel Psychology, 2000
Molecular Psychiatry, 2002
A meta-analytical review of 20 studies (n = 3907) of the association between DRD4 polymorphism an... more A meta-analytical review of 20 studies (n = 3907) of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking suggests the following conclusions: (a) on average, there is no association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking (average d = 0.06 with 95% CI of ± 0.09), where 13 reports suggest that the presence of longer alleles is associated with higher novelty seeking scores and seven reports suggest the opposite; (b) there is a true heterogeneity among the studies (ie, unknown moderators do exist) but the strength of the association between DRD4 polymorphism and novelty seeking in the presence of any (unknown) moderator is likely to be weak; (c) search for moderators has not yielded any reliable explanation for the variability among studies. We propose that to find such moderators, theory-driven research for potential interaction, coupled with larger sample sizes should be employed. The growing availability of powerful statistical techniques, high-throughput genotyping and large numbers of polymorphic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms makes such proposed studies increasingly feasible.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1998
... Israel. Email: Avraham N. Kluger ([email protected]. huji.ac.il). *Correspondence: Avraham ... more ... Israel. Email: Avraham N. Kluger ([email protected]. huji.ac.il). *Correspondence: Avraham N. Kluger, School of Business Adminstration, The Hebrew UniversityMt Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel. Publication History. Issue ...
Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 2008
Journal of Business and Psychology, 1993
Page 1. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY Volume 8, No. 1, Fall 1993 THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTION ... more Page 1. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND PSYCHOLOGY Volume 8, No. 1, Fall 1993 THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTION TEST TYPE ON APPLICANT REACTIONS TO EMPLOYMENT TESTING Avraham N. Kluger Rutgers University Hannah R. Rothstein Baruch College--CUNY ...
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1986
ABSTRACT Recently, an investment model integrating several interdependence-type variables has bee... more ABSTRACT Recently, an investment model integrating several interdependence-type variables has been proposed to explain commitment in social and organizational settings. The model includes the components of costs, rewards, investments, and alternatives, and has served well in predicting specific outcomes such as job turnover and romantic commitment. The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree to which the investment model can be extended to a new area—commitment to musical activities—and to assess the extent to which commitment profiles generated by the model vary across musical preference groups. Results from a sample of 87 musical devotees demonstrated that the investment model is a valid means of accounting for commitment to participation in musical activities. In addition, distinctive profiles for each group—classical and nonclassical—were identified.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 1988
ABSTRACT In recent years, several social researchers have focused on ways to improve the predicti... more ABSTRACT In recent years, several social researchers have focused on ways to improve the prediction of behavior from attitudes. We examined the use of a measure of investment from the Rusbult and Farrell model of commitment as a means for enhancing prediction in the Ajzen and Fishbein intention model. Analysis of data collected from 95 subjects who were asked about their intention to participate in music-related activities over the next week and month showed that investment and its interaction with intention explain additional behavior variance beyond intention alone. The full model consisting of intention, investment, and their interaction explained, for the one-week period, nearly 53% of the criterion variance, and for the one-month period, nearly 78% of the criterion variance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Human Resource Management Review, 2011
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Human Resource Management Review, 2010
On the basis of Appreciative Inquiry , we offer an interview protocol termed Feedforward Intervie... more On the basis of Appreciative Inquiry , we offer an interview protocol termed Feedforward Interview (FFI). FFI is designed to reveal new organizational knowledge both for managers and subordinates, which can lead to better alignment between employees' needs and organizational practices, and to improved relationships by enabling both parties to feel more positive about themselves and about each other. Following a detailed description of the FFI protocol and its rationale, we demonstrate how FFI may be used as a complement, or even as a replacement, for performance appraisal reviews, job selection interviews, and customer satisfaction surveys. The benefits of FFI appear to include eliciting positive emotions, fostering bonding, building psychological safety for sharing information, and creating internal transformations of both interviewer and interviewee. We conclude with a call for research to evaluate FFI's effectiveness and the conditions under which it will be most useful.
Computers in Human Behavior, 1993
The effects of feedback provided by a person versus that provided by a computer on performance, m... more The effects of feedback provided by a person versus that provided by a computer on performance, motivation, and feedback seeking were studied. Employing a 2 x 3 experimental design, subjects were assigned to one of three feedback conditions: (a) no feedback, (b) feedback only upon request, and (c) automatic feedback with feedback provided either by a person or a computer: The results indicate that (a) subjects are more likely to seek feedback from a computer than from another person; (b) feedback from a person causes a decline in performance relative to a condition where a person is present but does not deliver feedback; (c) both human-and computer-mediated feedback reduce motivation in comparison to a control group that receives no feedback; and (d) personality -in this case, self-esteem and public and private selfconsciousness -interacts with the receipt of person-mediated feedback to negatively affect performance.
(in press). I am aware of my inconsistencies but can tolerate them: The effect of high quality li... more (in press). I am aware of my inconsistencies but can tolerate them: The effect of high quality listening on speakers' attitude ambivalence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
In this study, we tested both Rogers's hypothesis that listening enables speakers to
experience p... more In this study, we tested both Rogers's hypothesis that listening enables speakers to
experience psychological safety, and our hypothesis that the benefit of listening for
psychological safety is attenuated by avoidance-attachment style. We tested these hypotheses in six laboratory experiments, a field correlational study, and a scenario experiment. We meta analyzed the results of the laboratory experiments and found that listening increased psychological safety on average, but that the variance between the experiments was also significant. The between experiment variance in the effect of listening manipulation on psychological safety exposes a methodological challenge in choosing a research paradigm of good-versus-normal listening, as opposed to normal-versus-poor listening. More importantly, we found, as expected and across all designs, that the higher the avoidance-attachment style was, the lower the effect of listening was on psychological safety. This finding has implications both for practice and for placing a theoretical boundary on Rogers's theory.
We hypothesized that (a) when people share a meaningful story, as opposed to when they share
info... more We hypothesized that (a) when people share a meaningful story, as opposed to when they share
information, they make their partner listen well, and (b) that narrative-induced listening is positively
associated with speakers’ psychological safety and negatively associated with their social anxiety.
In Study 1 (N = 45), we showed that a meaningful story is perceived much more as a narrative and
higher in narrative quality than two types of informational-discourses (telling about daily routine
and describing buildings). In Study 2 (N = 52), we randomly asked participants to either share a
meaningful story or tell about their daily routine. The participants sharing a meaningful story reported
that their interlocutor was a better listener, d = 0.61, 95% CI |0.32, 0.92|. In Study 3 (N = 42), we
compared the effect of sharing a meaningful story to describing buildings, and replicated the results
of Study 2, d = 1.10, 95% CI |0.61, 1.59|. Moreover, we found that the perceived listening, which
was induced by the narrative, mediated the manipulation effects on psychological safety, and social
anxiety. Thus, we concluded that when speakers share meaningful stories they make their partner
listen well and consequently experience higher psychological safety and lower feelings of social
anxiety.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010
A rigorous quasi-experiment tested the ameliorative effects of a sabbatical leave, a special case... more A rigorous quasi-experiment tested the ameliorative effects of a sabbatical leave, a special case of respite from routine work. We hypothesized that (a) respite increases resource level and well-being and (b) individual differences and respite features moderate respite effects. A sample of 129 faculty members on sabbatical and 129 matched controls completed measures of resource gain, resource loss, and well-being before, during, and after the sabbatical. Among the sabbatees, resource loss declined and resource gain and well-being rose during the sabbatical. The comparison group showed no change. Moderation analysis revealed that those who reported higher respite self-efficacy and greater control, were more detached, had a more positive sabbatical experience, and spent their sabbatical outside their home country enjoyed more enhanced well-being than others.
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Papers by Avraham N Kluger
experience psychological safety, and our hypothesis that the benefit of listening for
psychological safety is attenuated by avoidance-attachment style. We tested these hypotheses in six laboratory experiments, a field correlational study, and a scenario experiment. We meta analyzed the results of the laboratory experiments and found that listening increased psychological safety on average, but that the variance between the experiments was also significant. The between experiment variance in the effect of listening manipulation on psychological safety exposes a methodological challenge in choosing a research paradigm of good-versus-normal listening, as opposed to normal-versus-poor listening. More importantly, we found, as expected and across all designs, that the higher the avoidance-attachment style was, the lower the effect of listening was on psychological safety. This finding has implications both for practice and for placing a theoretical boundary on Rogers's theory.
information, they make their partner listen well, and (b) that narrative-induced listening is positively
associated with speakers’ psychological safety and negatively associated with their social anxiety.
In Study 1 (N = 45), we showed that a meaningful story is perceived much more as a narrative and
higher in narrative quality than two types of informational-discourses (telling about daily routine
and describing buildings). In Study 2 (N = 52), we randomly asked participants to either share a
meaningful story or tell about their daily routine. The participants sharing a meaningful story reported
that their interlocutor was a better listener, d = 0.61, 95% CI |0.32, 0.92|. In Study 3 (N = 42), we
compared the effect of sharing a meaningful story to describing buildings, and replicated the results
of Study 2, d = 1.10, 95% CI |0.61, 1.59|. Moreover, we found that the perceived listening, which
was induced by the narrative, mediated the manipulation effects on psychological safety, and social
anxiety. Thus, we concluded that when speakers share meaningful stories they make their partner
listen well and consequently experience higher psychological safety and lower feelings of social
anxiety.
experience psychological safety, and our hypothesis that the benefit of listening for
psychological safety is attenuated by avoidance-attachment style. We tested these hypotheses in six laboratory experiments, a field correlational study, and a scenario experiment. We meta analyzed the results of the laboratory experiments and found that listening increased psychological safety on average, but that the variance between the experiments was also significant. The between experiment variance in the effect of listening manipulation on psychological safety exposes a methodological challenge in choosing a research paradigm of good-versus-normal listening, as opposed to normal-versus-poor listening. More importantly, we found, as expected and across all designs, that the higher the avoidance-attachment style was, the lower the effect of listening was on psychological safety. This finding has implications both for practice and for placing a theoretical boundary on Rogers's theory.
information, they make their partner listen well, and (b) that narrative-induced listening is positively
associated with speakers’ psychological safety and negatively associated with their social anxiety.
In Study 1 (N = 45), we showed that a meaningful story is perceived much more as a narrative and
higher in narrative quality than two types of informational-discourses (telling about daily routine
and describing buildings). In Study 2 (N = 52), we randomly asked participants to either share a
meaningful story or tell about their daily routine. The participants sharing a meaningful story reported
that their interlocutor was a better listener, d = 0.61, 95% CI |0.32, 0.92|. In Study 3 (N = 42), we
compared the effect of sharing a meaningful story to describing buildings, and replicated the results
of Study 2, d = 1.10, 95% CI |0.61, 1.59|. Moreover, we found that the perceived listening, which
was induced by the narrative, mediated the manipulation effects on psychological safety, and social
anxiety. Thus, we concluded that when speakers share meaningful stories they make their partner
listen well and consequently experience higher psychological safety and lower feelings of social
anxiety.