Papers by Anna Eirikh-Rose
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022
Large tanged points characteristic of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the Levant signify a ... more Large tanged points characteristic of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the Levant signify a prominent departure from the long-lasting use of small-size projectile implements. The reason for the emergence of these tools remains enigmatic, especially on the background of experimental evidence from elsewhere indicating greater efficiency of small-size counterparts in hunting as well as in warfare. Here we investigate this phenomenon based on the early PPNB (EPPNB) occupation of Motza, where large tanged Jericho points occur together with relatively small and side-notched Helwan points. Examination of projectile damage patterns and metric characteristics showing that both types constituted tips of complex/high velocity projectiles led to delineation of function-related requirements associated with large tanged points in particular. These insights together with recent studies linking pre-domestic management of ungulates with Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)–PPNB transition allowed formulation of a hypothesis that the emergence of large points reflected a changing perception of the kill of the animals in humans' care, namely introduction of proto sacrifice conducted in the form of ritual/ceremonial hunt. Our hypothesis, tested against the spatial distribution of Helwan and Jericho points in the EPPNB occupation of Motza with encouraging results, requires further examination involving analyses of functional and contextual aspects of large tanged points deriving from different phases of the period.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2023
Large tanged points characteristic of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the Levant signify a ... more Large tanged points characteristic of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the Levant signify a prominent departure from the long-lasting use of small-size projectile implements. The reason for the emergence of these tools remains enigmatic, especially on the background of experimental evidence from elsewhere indicating greater efficiency of small-size counterparts in hunting as well as in warfare. Here we investigate this phenomenon based on the early PPNB (EPPNB) occupation of Motza, where large tanged Jericho points occur together with relatively small and side-notched Helwan points.
Examination of projectile damage patterns and metric characteristics showing that both types constituted tips of complex/high velocity projectiles led to delineation of function-related requirements associated with large tanged points in particular. These insights together with recent studies linking pre-domestic management of ungulates with Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)–PPNB transition allowed formulation of a hypothesis that the emergence of large points reflected a changing perception of the kill of the animals in humans' care, namely introduction of proto sacrifice conducted in the form of ritual/ceremonial hunt. Our hypothesis, tested against the spatial distribution of Helwan and Jericho points in the EPPNB occupation of Motza with encouraging results, requires further examination involving analyses of functional and contextual aspects of large tanged points deriving from different phases of the period.
Paléorient
Three types of stone vessels from surveyed and excavated sites in Israel are presented and discus... more Three types of stone vessels from surveyed and excavated sites in Israel are presented and discussed: bowls with very small lug handles attached to the rim, bowls decorated with an incised row of lozenges on their exterior and chalices with a solid pedestaled base. The first two types are usually made of limestone, while the chalices are made of basalt. Each of the types was found in at least two sites and are associated only with Early Chalcolithic (ca. 5800-4500 BCE) remains, thus proposed to be characteristics of the period in central and northern Israel. Moreover, their high quality, relative scarcity and significance suggest they were prestige vessels.
Paléorient
Three types of stone vessels from surveyed and excavated sites in Israel are presented and discus... more Three types of stone vessels from surveyed and excavated sites in Israel are presented and discussed: bowls with very small lug handles attached to the rim, bowls decorated with an incised row of lozenges on their exterior and chalices with a solid pedestaled base. The first two types are usually made of limestone, while the chalices are made of basalt. Each of the types was found in at least two sites and are associated only with Early Chalcolithic (ca. 5800-4500 BCE) remains, thus proposed to be characteristics of the period in central and northern Israel. Moreover, their high quality, relative scarcity and significance suggest they were prestige vessels.
New studies in the archaeology of Jerusalem and its region / חידושים בארכיאולוגיה של ירושלים וסביבותיה, 2021
Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority revealed impressive rema... more Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority revealed impressive remains of the Roman period, which consisted of a prosperous Middle Roman settlement with impressive architectural buildings and installations, a colonnaded street, and a well-planned drainage system. During the 2019–2020 season, a unique terracotta artifact (hereafter, TCA) was retrieved from the Middle Roman stratum at the site. The artifact’s uniqueness and partial preservation pose a challenge in deciphering its complete form and function.
Paléorient, 2007
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
Hundreds of shells, in particular marine shells, were found in the small MPPNB-PN site of Nahal Y... more Hundreds of shells, in particular marine shells, were found in the small MPPNB-PN site of Nahal Yarmuth 38 (NY38). Following is a glimpse into different aspects of shell presence and use at the site, pertaining to the choice of shell taxa, the use of shells as beads, tools, or raw material, and their combination with other materials, specifically pigments and possible adhesives.
New studies in the archaeology of Jerusalem and its region / חידושים בארכיאולוגיה של ירושלים וסביבותיה
Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority revealed impressive rema... more Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities Authority revealed impressive remains of the Roman period, which consisted of a prosperous Middle Roman settlement with impressive architectural buildings and installations, a colonnaded street, and a well-planned drainage system. During the 2019–2020 season, a unique terracotta artifact (hereafter, TCA) was retrieved from the Middle Roman stratum at the site. The artifact’s uniqueness and partial preservation pose a challenge in deciphering its complete form and function.
This paper presents the results of two recent excavations conducted at Nahal Betzet II and Ard el... more This paper presents the results of two recent excavations conducted at Nahal Betzet II and Ard el Samra, in the Akko Plain. Both excavations revealed stratigraphical sequences dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Pottery Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic periods. Significant is the discovery of the Pottery Neolithic occupations attributed to the Yarmukian culture which were unknown in this region prior to the excavations. The major characteristics of the material culture are presented, emphasizing on the cultural developments at both sites. Furthermore the settlement patterns during these periods in the region, complemented with information from surveys and old researches are discussed.
Paléorient, 2007
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and Its Region, 2021
Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities
Authority revealed impressive rema... more Recent excavations at Moẓa conducted by the Israel Antiquities
Authority revealed impressive remains of the Roman period, which
consisted of a prosperous Middle Roman settlement with impressive architectural
buildings and installations, a colonnaded street, and a well-planned drainage system. During the 2019–2020 season, a unique terracotta artifact (hereafter, TCA) was retrieved from the Middle Roman stratum at the site. The artifact’s uniqueness and partial preservation pose a challenge in deciphering its complete form and function.
Antiquity
The small, Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site (tenth millennium cal BP) of Nahal Yarmuth 38 in c... more The small, Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site (tenth millennium cal BP) of Nahal Yarmuth 38 in central Israel consists of a unique series of rectilinear structures with plastered floors, beneath which multiple interments were found. The nature of the finds combined with existing knowledge of burial customs of this period make Nahal Yarmuth 38 an ideal site for investigating designated burial sites in the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B.
This is the final report of salvage excavations conducted during 2005 and 2007 at the Chalcolithi... more This is the final report of salvage excavations conducted during 2005 and 2007 at the Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) site of Horbat 'Illit B, in the Haelah Valley. We present the stratigraphy and the architectural remains of the site, including a description of one of the rare flint workshops of the Chalcolithic period found in the southern Levant. Comprehensive analyses of the flint and pottery assemblages, the groundstones, metal objects and faunal remains are also given here. In the conclusions we discuss the role of specialized flint knapping of microliths and sickle blades, the latter in the context of agricultural activities, as well as the chronological and regional attributes of Horbat 'Illit B in the framework of the Chalcolithic period.
This paper presents the results of two recent excavations conducted at Nahal Betzet II and Ard el... more This paper presents the results of two recent excavations conducted at Nahal Betzet II and Ard el Samra, in the Akko Plain. Both excavations revealed stratigraphical sequences dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Pottery Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic periods. Significant is the discovery of the Pottery Neolithic occupations attributed to the Yarmukian culture which were unknown in this region prior to the excavations.
This is the final report of salvage excavations conducted during 2005 and 2007 at the Chalcolithi... more This is the final report of salvage excavations conducted during 2005 and 2007 at the Chalcolithic (Ghassulian) site of Horbat 'Illit B, in the Haelah Valley. We present the stratigraphy and the architectural remains of the site, including a description of one of the rare flint workshops of the Chalcolithic period found in the southern Levant. Comprehensive analyses of the flint and pottery assemblages, the groundstones, metal objects and faunal remains are also given here. In the conclusions we discuss the role of specialized flint knapping of microliths and sickle blades, the latter in the context of agricultural activities, as well as the chronological and regional attributes of Horbat 'Illit B in the framework of the Chalcolithic period.
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2004
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Papers by Anna Eirikh-Rose
Examination of projectile damage patterns and metric characteristics showing that both types constituted tips of complex/high velocity projectiles led to delineation of function-related requirements associated with large tanged points in particular. These insights together with recent studies linking pre-domestic management of ungulates with Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)–PPNB transition allowed formulation of a hypothesis that the emergence of large points reflected a changing perception of the kill of the animals in humans' care, namely introduction of proto sacrifice conducted in the form of ritual/ceremonial hunt. Our hypothesis, tested against the spatial distribution of Helwan and Jericho points in the EPPNB occupation of Motza with encouraging results, requires further examination involving analyses of functional and contextual aspects of large tanged points deriving from different phases of the period.
Authority revealed impressive remains of the Roman period, which
consisted of a prosperous Middle Roman settlement with impressive architectural
buildings and installations, a colonnaded street, and a well-planned drainage system. During the 2019–2020 season, a unique terracotta artifact (hereafter, TCA) was retrieved from the Middle Roman stratum at the site. The artifact’s uniqueness and partial preservation pose a challenge in deciphering its complete form and function.
Examination of projectile damage patterns and metric characteristics showing that both types constituted tips of complex/high velocity projectiles led to delineation of function-related requirements associated with large tanged points in particular. These insights together with recent studies linking pre-domestic management of ungulates with Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)–PPNB transition allowed formulation of a hypothesis that the emergence of large points reflected a changing perception of the kill of the animals in humans' care, namely introduction of proto sacrifice conducted in the form of ritual/ceremonial hunt. Our hypothesis, tested against the spatial distribution of Helwan and Jericho points in the EPPNB occupation of Motza with encouraging results, requires further examination involving analyses of functional and contextual aspects of large tanged points deriving from different phases of the period.
Authority revealed impressive remains of the Roman period, which
consisted of a prosperous Middle Roman settlement with impressive architectural
buildings and installations, a colonnaded street, and a well-planned drainage system. During the 2019–2020 season, a unique terracotta artifact (hereafter, TCA) was retrieved from the Middle Roman stratum at the site. The artifact’s uniqueness and partial preservation pose a challenge in deciphering its complete form and function.
Valley are also situated adjacent to or on one or another of the western tributaries of the Jordan. An analogous geographical pattern can be seen in the locations of the late prehistoric sites of Gesher, Tel Ali, Munhata, Sha'ar Hagolan and Tel Tsaf (Garfinkel and Miller 2002: 10–11). These sites are thus seated in deltas where streams flow into the Jordan Valley. The traditional explanation for this pattern of settlement is attributed to its advantages for agriculture and the cultivation of land (Prausnitz 1959; Bar-Yosef 1992). In addition, river valleys also provided the most convenient transportation routes between different regions. Therefore, those rather large sites were situated at crossroads between the north–south route created by the Jordan Valley and the east–west routes created by its tributaries.