というFRB論文をMostly Economicsが紹介している。原題は「A Framework for Understanding the Vulnerabilities of New Money-Like Products」で、著者はKenechukwu Anadu(ボストン連銀)、Patrick McCabe(FRB)、JP Perez-Sangimino(同)、Nathan Swem(同)。
以下はその要旨。
New money-like products, such as tokenized money market funds (MMFs), money market exchange-traded funds (MMETFs), and stablecoins, could be transformative for finance. These products may offer significant benefits, but like other money-like assets, they also have certain vulnerabilities. We introduce a framework to analyze the vulnerabilities of new products by comparing their features to those that contribute to vulnerabilities in MMFs. Specifically, we examine the extent to which each product engages in liquidity transformation, is subject to threshold effects, serves as a money-like asset, poses contagion risks, and has reactive investors. Our framework is useful for assessing the potential effects of novel cash-like products on the overall resilience of the financial system and how such an assessment may change as these products’ uses evolve.
(拙訳)
トークン化されたマネーマーケットファンド(MMFs)、マネーマ-ケット上場投資信託(MMETFs)、およびステーブルコインのような新たな貨幣類似商品は、金融に転換をもたらす可能性がある。こうした商品は顕著な便益をもたらすかもしれないが、他の貨幣類似資産と同様、幾つかの脆弱性がある。我々は、MMFの脆弱性に寄与する特性と新規商品の特性を比較することによりそれらの商品の脆弱性を分析する枠組みを導入した。具体的には、各商品がどの程度流動性の変換を行うか、閾値効果に制約されるか、貨幣類似資産として機能するか、伝染リスクをもたらすか、反応的な投資家がいるか、を調べた。我々の枠組みは、新たな現金類似商品が金融システムの全体的な弾力性に及ぼし得る影響を評価するのに有用であり、そうした評価が商品利用の発展とともにどのように変化するかを評価するのに有用である。
Table 1. Features that Contribute to Vulnerabilities of Money-Like Products
| Features that contribute to vulnerabilities | Description | Presence of these features(relative to those for comparable MMFs)* | ||
| MMETFs | Tokenized MMFs | Stablecoins | ||
| Structural features | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Liquidity Transformation | Transforming illiquid assets into liquid liabilities, which creates incentives for investors to redeem amid stress. | Similar | Similar | Uncertain |
| 2. Threshold Effects | Discontinuous changes in the expected payoffs for investors when certain thresholds are reached. | Less | Similar | Less |
| Hybrid features | ||||
| 3. Moneyness | Perceived as money-like: unquestionably safe and liquid during normal times, but a change in this perception can trigger runs. | Probably less | Less | Likely similar |
| 4. Contagion Effects | An adverse shock on one product propagates stress to similar products. | Greater | Greater | Likely similar |
| Non-structural features | ||||
| 5. Reactive Investors | Investors whose incentives, preferences, or resources make them quick to redeem or run during periods of stress. | Probably less | Uncertain | Similar |
*Our assessments are based on comparisons of each product as it is currently structured to comparable MMFs. For example, we compare government MMETFs to government MMFs and prime MMETFs to prime MMFs.


