We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsi... more We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsilon near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial design. Due to the large spatial coherence in this metamaterial we experience an ultra-high superradiant decay rate enhancement over distances greater than 13 times the free-space wavelength for both two emitters and many-body configurations of emitters. We observe a power enhancement three orders of magnitude higher than an incoherent array of emitters in bulk diamond, corresponding to an scaling with the number of emitters characteristic of superradiance.
We have realized a silicon Dirac-cone zero-index metamaterial which incorporates a bound state in... more We have realized a silicon Dirac-cone zero-index metamaterial which incorporates a bound state in the continuum at the near-infrared degenerate triple point. Here, radiative losses are strongly suppressed by the ∼5000 Q-factor of the metasurface.
Zero index metamaterials (ZIM) experience near-perfect spatial coherence and infinite spatial wav... more Zero index metamaterials (ZIM) experience near-perfect spatial coherence and infinite spatial wavelength. We model, through both analytical calculations and simulations, superradiant emission of silicon vacancy centers (SiV) in a diamond ZIM that extends well beyond the emission wavelength near 737 nm.
We achieve strong local-field enhancement within a novel inhomogeneous metamaterial whose graded ... more We achieve strong local-field enhancement within a novel inhomogeneous metamaterial whose graded refractive index is realized using Dirac-cone metamaterials. This transition metamaterial provides a powerful tool for sensing, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics.
In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent ... more In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent state tomography. We fully characterize it in order to verify whether or not it will be capable to perform non-demolition homodyne detection of squeezed light in a high-finesse cavity QED setup with an ensemble of Cesium atoms coupled to the cavity. After quantifying sources of noise, the photodiode efficiency, we perform a series of measurements of low photon number coherent states and compare them against the standard quantum limit. We discuss a variety of technical challenges encountered in such systems and some methods to overcome them. Lastly, we test the apparatus' ability to do quantum state tomography and quantum state reconstruction by reconstructing the density matrix and Wigner functions for low photon-number coherent states.
We demonstrate a photonic analog of twisted bilayer graphene that has ultra-flat photonic bands a... more We demonstrate a photonic analog of twisted bilayer graphene that has ultra-flat photonic bands and exhibits extreme slow-light behavior. Our twisted bilayer photonic device, which has an operating wavelength in the C-band of the telecom window, uses two crystalline silicon photonic crystal slabs separated by a methyl methacrylate tunneling layer. We numerically determine the magic angle using a finite-element method and the corresponding photonic band structure, which exhibits a flat band over the entire Brillouin zone. This flat band causes the group velocity to approach zero and introduces light localization, which enhances the electromagnetic field at the expense of bandwidth. Using our original plane-wave continuum model, we find that the photonic system has a larger band asymmetry. The band structure can easily be engineered by adjusting the device geometry, giving significant freedom in the design of devices. Our work provides a fundamental understanding of the photonic prope...
In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent ... more In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent state tomography. We fully characterize it in order to verify whether or not it will be capable to perform non-demolition homodyne detection of squeezed light in a high-finesse cavity QED setup with an ensemble of Cesium atoms coupled to the cavity. After quantifying sources of noise, the photodiode efficiency, we perform a series of measurements of low photon number coherent states and compare them against the standard quantum limit. We discuss a variety of technical challenges encountered in such systems and some methods to overcome them. Lastly, we test the apparatus' ability to do quantum state tomography and quantum state reconstruction by reconstructing the density matrix and Wigner functions for low photon-number coherent states.
This paper presents a broad view of topological insulating materials at a level attainable with k... more This paper presents a broad view of topological insulating materials at a level attainable with knowledge of undergraduate solid-state physics. Beginning with the theoretical discovery of the quantum spin Hall effect and the presence of spin-orbit coupling, the existence of a Dirac-like dispersion in the edge states of topological insulators is derived and discussed. We introduce the concept of \emph{topological invariants} and their relations to the innate symmetries in topological insulators. Lastly, we synthesize these concepts together to present the band inversion in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells and the existence of 3-dimensional spin Hall insulators. This is a term paper for the MIT solid-state physics course.
From the tight-binding approximation, we solve for the spectrum of energy bands in monolayer grap... more From the tight-binding approximation, we solve for the spectrum of energy bands in monolayer graphene. Near the points K and K' where the energy dispersion is 0, we expand the Hamiltonian and reveal a linear Hamiltonian that resembles the Dirac equation for massless fermions where the velocity is approximately one three-hundreths the speed of light. We observe a property analogous to spin in regular spin one-half systems known as pseudospin. Lastly, we identify the unique Landau levels in graphene that characterize graphene's quantized conductance in the quantum Hall effect. This was a term paper for the MIT quantum physics III undergraduate course,
We build two bridge circuits to perform capacitance measurements of a precision of 1 picoFarad or... more We build two bridge circuits to perform capacitance measurements of a precision of 1 picoFarad or lower. We signi cantly improve the precision of the capacitance measurements in the Johnson noise experiment signal chain, with an uncertainty of 1.29 pF. In addition, we measure the capacitance as a function of applied voltage bias of an nMOSFET and Schottky diode. From the measurements of the former we determine the Debye Length of charge carriers in the MOSFET.
We employ Mossbauer spectroscopy, high resolution resonant absorption spectroscopy of nuclei
emb... more We employ Mossbauer spectroscopy, high resolution resonant absorption spectroscopy of nuclei embedded in a crystal. We measure the Zeeman splitting, ratio of magnetic moments, and internal magnetic eld of 57Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. We measure the isomer shift and quadrupole splittings that occur between transitions in these spectra, as well as for FeSO4 and Fe3(SO4)2. In addition, we measure the natural linewidth of the 57Fe 14:4 keV transition. By measuring the shift in the absorption peak of our spectrum at increased temperature, we demonstrate time dilation in our results due to the second-order Doppler Shift.
Using liquid-state NMR on the 13CHCl3 molecule, we determine the system parameters T1H
T2H , and... more Using liquid-state NMR on the 13CHCl3 molecule, we determine the system parameters T1H T2H , and the spin-spin coupling constant J of the chloroform sample in the Bruker Avance 200 NMR spectrometer. We implement and characterize the near-CNOT and CNOT quantum gates, as well as the numerical outputs of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm and Grover's search algorithm on a 2-bit space modeled by spin- 1 2 proton and carbon-13 atoms. Additionally, we run 20 consecutive iterations of Grover's algorithm to observe the oscillatory behavior on the peak amplitudes of the four spectra with a period of approximately three.
We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsi... more We theoretically and numerically demonstrate enhanced extended superradiance using a diamond epsilon near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial design. Due to the large spatial coherence in this metamaterial we experience an ultra-high superradiant decay rate enhancement over distances greater than 13 times the free-space wavelength for both two emitters and many-body configurations of emitters. We observe a power enhancement three orders of magnitude higher than an incoherent array of emitters in bulk diamond, corresponding to an scaling with the number of emitters characteristic of superradiance.
We have realized a silicon Dirac-cone zero-index metamaterial which incorporates a bound state in... more We have realized a silicon Dirac-cone zero-index metamaterial which incorporates a bound state in the continuum at the near-infrared degenerate triple point. Here, radiative losses are strongly suppressed by the ∼5000 Q-factor of the metasurface.
Zero index metamaterials (ZIM) experience near-perfect spatial coherence and infinite spatial wav... more Zero index metamaterials (ZIM) experience near-perfect spatial coherence and infinite spatial wavelength. We model, through both analytical calculations and simulations, superradiant emission of silicon vacancy centers (SiV) in a diamond ZIM that extends well beyond the emission wavelength near 737 nm.
We achieve strong local-field enhancement within a novel inhomogeneous metamaterial whose graded ... more We achieve strong local-field enhancement within a novel inhomogeneous metamaterial whose graded refractive index is realized using Dirac-cone metamaterials. This transition metamaterial provides a powerful tool for sensing, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics.
In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent ... more In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent state tomography. We fully characterize it in order to verify whether or not it will be capable to perform non-demolition homodyne detection of squeezed light in a high-finesse cavity QED setup with an ensemble of Cesium atoms coupled to the cavity. After quantifying sources of noise, the photodiode efficiency, we perform a series of measurements of low photon number coherent states and compare them against the standard quantum limit. We discuss a variety of technical challenges encountered in such systems and some methods to overcome them. Lastly, we test the apparatus' ability to do quantum state tomography and quantum state reconstruction by reconstructing the density matrix and Wigner functions for low photon-number coherent states.
We demonstrate a photonic analog of twisted bilayer graphene that has ultra-flat photonic bands a... more We demonstrate a photonic analog of twisted bilayer graphene that has ultra-flat photonic bands and exhibits extreme slow-light behavior. Our twisted bilayer photonic device, which has an operating wavelength in the C-band of the telecom window, uses two crystalline silicon photonic crystal slabs separated by a methyl methacrylate tunneling layer. We numerically determine the magic angle using a finite-element method and the corresponding photonic band structure, which exhibits a flat band over the entire Brillouin zone. This flat band causes the group velocity to approach zero and introduces light localization, which enhances the electromagnetic field at the expense of bandwidth. Using our original plane-wave continuum model, we find that the photonic system has a larger band asymmetry. The band structure can easily be engineered by adjusting the device geometry, giving significant freedom in the design of devices. Our work provides a fundamental understanding of the photonic prope...
In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent ... more In this thesis we present an optical and electronic setup that is capable of performing coherent state tomography. We fully characterize it in order to verify whether or not it will be capable to perform non-demolition homodyne detection of squeezed light in a high-finesse cavity QED setup with an ensemble of Cesium atoms coupled to the cavity. After quantifying sources of noise, the photodiode efficiency, we perform a series of measurements of low photon number coherent states and compare them against the standard quantum limit. We discuss a variety of technical challenges encountered in such systems and some methods to overcome them. Lastly, we test the apparatus' ability to do quantum state tomography and quantum state reconstruction by reconstructing the density matrix and Wigner functions for low photon-number coherent states.
This paper presents a broad view of topological insulating materials at a level attainable with k... more This paper presents a broad view of topological insulating materials at a level attainable with knowledge of undergraduate solid-state physics. Beginning with the theoretical discovery of the quantum spin Hall effect and the presence of spin-orbit coupling, the existence of a Dirac-like dispersion in the edge states of topological insulators is derived and discussed. We introduce the concept of \emph{topological invariants} and their relations to the innate symmetries in topological insulators. Lastly, we synthesize these concepts together to present the band inversion in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells and the existence of 3-dimensional spin Hall insulators. This is a term paper for the MIT solid-state physics course.
From the tight-binding approximation, we solve for the spectrum of energy bands in monolayer grap... more From the tight-binding approximation, we solve for the spectrum of energy bands in monolayer graphene. Near the points K and K' where the energy dispersion is 0, we expand the Hamiltonian and reveal a linear Hamiltonian that resembles the Dirac equation for massless fermions where the velocity is approximately one three-hundreths the speed of light. We observe a property analogous to spin in regular spin one-half systems known as pseudospin. Lastly, we identify the unique Landau levels in graphene that characterize graphene's quantized conductance in the quantum Hall effect. This was a term paper for the MIT quantum physics III undergraduate course,
We build two bridge circuits to perform capacitance measurements of a precision of 1 picoFarad or... more We build two bridge circuits to perform capacitance measurements of a precision of 1 picoFarad or lower. We signi cantly improve the precision of the capacitance measurements in the Johnson noise experiment signal chain, with an uncertainty of 1.29 pF. In addition, we measure the capacitance as a function of applied voltage bias of an nMOSFET and Schottky diode. From the measurements of the former we determine the Debye Length of charge carriers in the MOSFET.
We employ Mossbauer spectroscopy, high resolution resonant absorption spectroscopy of nuclei
emb... more We employ Mossbauer spectroscopy, high resolution resonant absorption spectroscopy of nuclei embedded in a crystal. We measure the Zeeman splitting, ratio of magnetic moments, and internal magnetic eld of 57Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. We measure the isomer shift and quadrupole splittings that occur between transitions in these spectra, as well as for FeSO4 and Fe3(SO4)2. In addition, we measure the natural linewidth of the 57Fe 14:4 keV transition. By measuring the shift in the absorption peak of our spectrum at increased temperature, we demonstrate time dilation in our results due to the second-order Doppler Shift.
Using liquid-state NMR on the 13CHCl3 molecule, we determine the system parameters T1H
T2H , and... more Using liquid-state NMR on the 13CHCl3 molecule, we determine the system parameters T1H T2H , and the spin-spin coupling constant J of the chloroform sample in the Bruker Avance 200 NMR spectrometer. We implement and characterize the near-CNOT and CNOT quantum gates, as well as the numerical outputs of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm and Grover's search algorithm on a 2-bit space modeled by spin- 1 2 proton and carbon-13 atoms. Additionally, we run 20 consecutive iterations of Grover's algorithm to observe the oscillatory behavior on the peak amplitudes of the four spectra with a period of approximately three.
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Papers by Olivia Mello
lower. We signi cantly improve the precision of the capacitance measurements in the Johnson noise
experiment signal chain, with an uncertainty of 1.29 pF. In addition, we measure the capacitance
as a function of applied voltage bias of an nMOSFET and Schottky diode. From the measurements
of the former we determine the Debye Length of charge carriers in the MOSFET.
embedded in a crystal. We measure the Zeeman splitting, ratio of magnetic moments, and internal
magnetic eld of 57Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. We measure the isomer shift and quadrupole splittings
that occur between transitions in these spectra, as well as for FeSO4 and Fe3(SO4)2. In addition,
we measure the natural linewidth of the 57Fe 14:4 keV transition. By measuring the shift in the
absorption peak of our spectrum at increased temperature, we demonstrate time dilation in our
results due to the second-order Doppler Shift.
T2H , and the spin-spin coupling constant
J of the chloroform sample in the Bruker Avance 200 NMR spectrometer. We
implement and characterize the near-CNOT and CNOT quantum gates, as well as the numerical
outputs of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm and Grover's search algorithm on a 2-bit space modeled
by spin- 1
2 proton and carbon-13 atoms. Additionally, we run 20 consecutive iterations of Grover's
algorithm to observe the oscillatory behavior on the peak amplitudes of the four spectra with a
period of approximately three.
lower. We signi cantly improve the precision of the capacitance measurements in the Johnson noise
experiment signal chain, with an uncertainty of 1.29 pF. In addition, we measure the capacitance
as a function of applied voltage bias of an nMOSFET and Schottky diode. From the measurements
of the former we determine the Debye Length of charge carriers in the MOSFET.
embedded in a crystal. We measure the Zeeman splitting, ratio of magnetic moments, and internal
magnetic eld of 57Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. We measure the isomer shift and quadrupole splittings
that occur between transitions in these spectra, as well as for FeSO4 and Fe3(SO4)2. In addition,
we measure the natural linewidth of the 57Fe 14:4 keV transition. By measuring the shift in the
absorption peak of our spectrum at increased temperature, we demonstrate time dilation in our
results due to the second-order Doppler Shift.
T2H , and the spin-spin coupling constant
J of the chloroform sample in the Bruker Avance 200 NMR spectrometer. We
implement and characterize the near-CNOT and CNOT quantum gates, as well as the numerical
outputs of the Deutsch-Josza algorithm and Grover's search algorithm on a 2-bit space modeled
by spin- 1
2 proton and carbon-13 atoms. Additionally, we run 20 consecutive iterations of Grover's
algorithm to observe the oscillatory behavior on the peak amplitudes of the four spectra with a
period of approximately three.