These are the postproceedings of 17th Dutch Testing Day, held on the 29th of November 2011 at the... more These are the postproceedings of 17th Dutch Testing Day, held on the 29th of November 2011 at the-recently completely renovated-campus of the University of Twente. These postproceedings cover a selection of the material presented during the Dutch Testing Day. The synergy between academic and industrial testing activities is one of the most attractive aspects of the Dutch Testing Day: we have participants, speakers, and financial contributions from both worlds, fostering cross-fertilization and building bridges between ...
This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hosp... more This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands. Based on Carola, an existing automated operation documentation system, we design a support environment that will assist in real-time diagnosis. The core of the work presented here consists of a knowledge base (containing anaesthesiological knowledge) and a diagnosis system. The knowledge base is specified in the logic-based formal specification language AFSL. This leads to a powerful and precise treatment of knowledge structuring and data abstraction.
developed to describe and implement such architectures and components to facilitate their semiaut... more developed to describe and implement such architectures and components to facilitate their semiautomatic reuse and adaptation. In a nutshell, UPML is a framework for developing knowledge-intensive reasoning systems based on libraries of generic problem-solving components. The paper describes the components and adapters, architectural constraints, development guidelines, and
We report on the formalization of knowledge for a support system in the field of anaesthesiology.... more We report on the formalization of knowledge for a support system in the field of anaesthesiology. It is a case study in the use of the formal specification method we are developing. The method consists of guidelines (using concepts from object-oriented design methods), language (AFSL, Almost Formal Specification Language) and tools (type-checker, graphical representation of signatures).
The paper introduces a software architecture for the specification and verification of knowledge-... more The paper introduces a software architecture for the specification and verification of knowledge-based systems combining conceptual and formal techniques. Our focus is component-based specification enabling their reuse. We identify four elements of the specification of a knowledge-based system: a task definition, a problem-solving method, a domain model, and an adapter. We present algebraic specifications and a variant of dynamic logic as formal means to specify and verify these different elements. As a consequence of our architecture we can decompose the overall specification and verification task of the knowledge-based systems into subtasks. We identify different subcomponents for specification and different proof obligations for verification. The use of the architecture in specification and verification improves understandability and reduces the effort for both activities. In addition, its decomposition and modularisation enables reuse of components and proofs. Ther...
Abstract. Problem-solving methods provide reusable architectures and components for implementing ... more Abstract. Problem-solving methods provide reusable architectures and components for implementing the reasoning part of knowledge-based systems. The Unified Problem-solving Method description Language UPML has been developed to describe such architectures and components to facilitate their semiautomatic reuse and adaptation. This paper sketches the components and connectors provided by UPML. 1.
We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML)² in a states as algebras setting. The ess... more We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML)² in a states as algebras setting. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences together with control information. Therefore, these languages can be used to specify the dynamic reasoning process of knowledge-based systems besides their pure input/output behavior. The departure of our discussion is the logic MLCM (Modal Logic of Creation and Modification) which is developed to reason about dynamic properties of the specification language COLD stemming from software engineering. We propose necessary extensions to MLCM leading to the definition of MLCM++, and show that it is sufficient to express the inference steps of KADS-models. The three main contributions of the paper are: defining a semantics for the specification of the dynamic reasoning behavior of a knowledge-based system within the states as algebra setting; proposing an extension of MLCM for integrating the sp...
We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 in a states as algebras setting. The es... more We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 in a states as algebras setting. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences together with control information. Therefore, these languages can be used to specify the dynamic reasoning process of knowledge-based systems besides their pure input/output behavior. The departure of our discussion is the logic MLCM (Modal Logic of Creation and Modification) which is developed to reason about dynamic properties of the specification language COLD stemming from software engineering. We propose extensions to MLCM leading to the definition of MLCM++, and show that it is sufficient to express the inference steps of KADS-models. The two main contributions of the paper are: studying the dynamics of the KARL and (ML) 2 , and proposing an extension of MLCM for reasoning about inferences. 1 Introduction The model of expertise as developed in the KADS-I [WSB92] and CommonKADS pro...
We investigate the formal specification of the reasoning process of knowledge-based systems in th... more We investigate the formal specification of the reasoning process of knowledge-based systems in this paper. We analyze the corresponding parts of the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 and deduce some general requirements. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences with control information. The languages differ in the way they achieve this integration and each of them has shortcomings. We propose a unifying semantical framework that integrates the core of the different solutions and overcomes their problems. We define a semantics and axiomatization with the Modal Change Logic (MCL) . The main contribution of the paper is not to introduce yet another specification language. Instead we aim at four goals: (1) defining a framework for describing the dynamic reasoning behavior of knowledge-based systems which integrates existing approaches; (2) defining a semantics for the specification of the dynamic reasoning behavior of a k...
Abstract. Worldwide accessibility of clouds brings great benefits by providing easy access to res... more Abstract. Worldwide accessibility of clouds brings great benefits by providing easy access to resources. However, scheduling cloud resources for utilization among multiple collaborating cloud users is still often executed manually. To address this problem, we developed a scheduling service for cloud middleware that guarantees optimal resource utilization in terms of a total number of used resources in a given interval based on user-defined policies. In the paper, we introduce the scheduling algorithm, describe its supporting system architecture and provide the evaluation that proves the feasibility of the developed solution. The provided scheduling algorithm takes into account dependencies between individual services, and can enforce common use of shared resources that lead to the optimal resource utilization. By assuring continuous schedule optimality, costs caused by unnecessary usage of additional cloud resources are minimized. Key words: Cloud Computing; Resource allocation; Opt...
This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hosp... more This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands. Based on Carola, an existing automated operation documentation system, we design a support environment that will assist in real-time diagnosis. The core of the work presented here consists of a knowledge base (containing anaesthesiological knowledge) and a diagnosis system. The knowledge base is speciied in the logic-based formal speciication language AFSL. This leads to a powerful and precise treatment of knowledge structuring and data abstraction.
This paper shows how we can use a logical formalism, a formal speciication language, to specify p... more This paper shows how we can use a logical formalism, a formal speciication language, to specify parts of a real-time kernel. The formalism is based on rst order logic, without special features for real-time purposes.
A process algebra is given for specifying delay-insensitive processes. We show in two steps that ... more A process algebra is given for specifying delay-insensitive processes. We show in two steps that expressions in this algebra have a normal form, as a consequence of which the algebra is complete. First, the number of operators in process expressions is reduced by a set of rewrite laws. The resulting expressions are in a so-called pre-normal form. Secondly, we introduce some additional laws to transform a process from its pre-normal form to its normal form.
Casein having a reduced cholesterol content is obtained by treating skimmilk at a pH of about 6.0... more Casein having a reduced cholesterol content is obtained by treating skimmilk at a pH of about 6.0 to 6.9 with a pancreatic lipase having lipase activity and protease activity for a time sufficient to dissociate the casein from cholesterol therein and then coagulating the casein by enzymatic means.
Modern software development methods (Agile, Continuous Delivery) require flexible test environmen... more Modern software development methods (Agile, Continuous Delivery) require flexible test environments, whilst applications (like SOA) become more complex and have more external dependencies. How can these constraints be resolved and taken away? In 2012, a survey asking software developers, testers, and performance test engineers a series of questions about their access to test environments. Key findings showed that testing today’s composite, distributed applications requires interacting with a number of dependent (connected) applications, which are difficult to access. Respondents reported needing access to an average of 8 dependent applications, but having consistent access to only 3 of them. An overwhelming majority of respondents (76%) reported having restricted access to the test environments required for completing their development and testing tasks. The time available to access test environments is extremely limited and 30% of that limited time was consumed by configuration/set...
These are the postproceedings of 17th Dutch Testing Day, held on the 29th of November 2011 at the... more These are the postproceedings of 17th Dutch Testing Day, held on the 29th of November 2011 at the-recently completely renovated-campus of the University of Twente. These postproceedings cover a selection of the material presented during the Dutch Testing Day. The synergy between academic and industrial testing activities is one of the most attractive aspects of the Dutch Testing Day: we have participants, speakers, and financial contributions from both worlds, fostering cross-fertilization and building bridges between ...
This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hosp... more This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands. Based on Carola, an existing automated operation documentation system, we design a support environment that will assist in real-time diagnosis. The core of the work presented here consists of a knowledge base (containing anaesthesiological knowledge) and a diagnosis system. The knowledge base is specified in the logic-based formal specification language AFSL. This leads to a powerful and precise treatment of knowledge structuring and data abstraction.
developed to describe and implement such architectures and components to facilitate their semiaut... more developed to describe and implement such architectures and components to facilitate their semiautomatic reuse and adaptation. In a nutshell, UPML is a framework for developing knowledge-intensive reasoning systems based on libraries of generic problem-solving components. The paper describes the components and adapters, architectural constraints, development guidelines, and
We report on the formalization of knowledge for a support system in the field of anaesthesiology.... more We report on the formalization of knowledge for a support system in the field of anaesthesiology. It is a case study in the use of the formal specification method we are developing. The method consists of guidelines (using concepts from object-oriented design methods), language (AFSL, Almost Formal Specification Language) and tools (type-checker, graphical representation of signatures).
The paper introduces a software architecture for the specification and verification of knowledge-... more The paper introduces a software architecture for the specification and verification of knowledge-based systems combining conceptual and formal techniques. Our focus is component-based specification enabling their reuse. We identify four elements of the specification of a knowledge-based system: a task definition, a problem-solving method, a domain model, and an adapter. We present algebraic specifications and a variant of dynamic logic as formal means to specify and verify these different elements. As a consequence of our architecture we can decompose the overall specification and verification task of the knowledge-based systems into subtasks. We identify different subcomponents for specification and different proof obligations for verification. The use of the architecture in specification and verification improves understandability and reduces the effort for both activities. In addition, its decomposition and modularisation enables reuse of components and proofs. Ther...
Abstract. Problem-solving methods provide reusable architectures and components for implementing ... more Abstract. Problem-solving methods provide reusable architectures and components for implementing the reasoning part of knowledge-based systems. The Unified Problem-solving Method description Language UPML has been developed to describe such architectures and components to facilitate their semiautomatic reuse and adaptation. This paper sketches the components and connectors provided by UPML. 1.
We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML)² in a states as algebras setting. The ess... more We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML)² in a states as algebras setting. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences together with control information. Therefore, these languages can be used to specify the dynamic reasoning process of knowledge-based systems besides their pure input/output behavior. The departure of our discussion is the logic MLCM (Modal Logic of Creation and Modification) which is developed to reason about dynamic properties of the specification language COLD stemming from software engineering. We propose necessary extensions to MLCM leading to the definition of MLCM++, and show that it is sufficient to express the inference steps of KADS-models. The three main contributions of the paper are: defining a semantics for the specification of the dynamic reasoning behavior of a knowledge-based system within the states as algebra setting; proposing an extension of MLCM for integrating the sp...
We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 in a states as algebras setting. The es... more We study the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 in a states as algebras setting. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences together with control information. Therefore, these languages can be used to specify the dynamic reasoning process of knowledge-based systems besides their pure input/output behavior. The departure of our discussion is the logic MLCM (Modal Logic of Creation and Modification) which is developed to reason about dynamic properties of the specification language COLD stemming from software engineering. We propose extensions to MLCM leading to the definition of MLCM++, and show that it is sufficient to express the inference steps of KADS-models. The two main contributions of the paper are: studying the dynamics of the KARL and (ML) 2 , and proposing an extension of MLCM for reasoning about inferences. 1 Introduction The model of expertise as developed in the KADS-I [WSB92] and CommonKADS pro...
We investigate the formal specification of the reasoning process of knowledge-based systems in th... more We investigate the formal specification of the reasoning process of knowledge-based systems in this paper. We analyze the corresponding parts of the KADS specification languages KARL and (ML) 2 and deduce some general requirements. The essence of these languages is that they integrate a declarative specification of inferences with control information. The languages differ in the way they achieve this integration and each of them has shortcomings. We propose a unifying semantical framework that integrates the core of the different solutions and overcomes their problems. We define a semantics and axiomatization with the Modal Change Logic (MCL) . The main contribution of the paper is not to introduce yet another specification language. Instead we aim at four goals: (1) defining a framework for describing the dynamic reasoning behavior of knowledge-based systems which integrates existing approaches; (2) defining a semantics for the specification of the dynamic reasoning behavior of a k...
Abstract. Worldwide accessibility of clouds brings great benefits by providing easy access to res... more Abstract. Worldwide accessibility of clouds brings great benefits by providing easy access to resources. However, scheduling cloud resources for utilization among multiple collaborating cloud users is still often executed manually. To address this problem, we developed a scheduling service for cloud middleware that guarantees optimal resource utilization in terms of a total number of used resources in a given interval based on user-defined policies. In the paper, we introduce the scheduling algorithm, describe its supporting system architecture and provide the evaluation that proves the feasibility of the developed solution. The provided scheduling algorithm takes into account dependencies between individual services, and can enforce common use of shared resources that lead to the optimal resource utilization. By assuring continuous schedule optimality, costs caused by unnecessary usage of additional cloud resources are minimized. Key words: Cloud Computing; Resource allocation; Opt...
This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hosp... more This paper reports on research for decision support for anaesthesiologists at the University Hospital in Groningen, the Netherlands. Based on Carola, an existing automated operation documentation system, we design a support environment that will assist in real-time diagnosis. The core of the work presented here consists of a knowledge base (containing anaesthesiological knowledge) and a diagnosis system. The knowledge base is speciied in the logic-based formal speciication language AFSL. This leads to a powerful and precise treatment of knowledge structuring and data abstraction.
This paper shows how we can use a logical formalism, a formal speciication language, to specify p... more This paper shows how we can use a logical formalism, a formal speciication language, to specify parts of a real-time kernel. The formalism is based on rst order logic, without special features for real-time purposes.
A process algebra is given for specifying delay-insensitive processes. We show in two steps that ... more A process algebra is given for specifying delay-insensitive processes. We show in two steps that expressions in this algebra have a normal form, as a consequence of which the algebra is complete. First, the number of operators in process expressions is reduced by a set of rewrite laws. The resulting expressions are in a so-called pre-normal form. Secondly, we introduce some additional laws to transform a process from its pre-normal form to its normal form.
Casein having a reduced cholesterol content is obtained by treating skimmilk at a pH of about 6.0... more Casein having a reduced cholesterol content is obtained by treating skimmilk at a pH of about 6.0 to 6.9 with a pancreatic lipase having lipase activity and protease activity for a time sufficient to dissociate the casein from cholesterol therein and then coagulating the casein by enzymatic means.
Modern software development methods (Agile, Continuous Delivery) require flexible test environmen... more Modern software development methods (Agile, Continuous Delivery) require flexible test environments, whilst applications (like SOA) become more complex and have more external dependencies. How can these constraints be resolved and taken away? In 2012, a survey asking software developers, testers, and performance test engineers a series of questions about their access to test environments. Key findings showed that testing today’s composite, distributed applications requires interacting with a number of dependent (connected) applications, which are difficult to access. Respondents reported needing access to an average of 8 dependent applications, but having consistent access to only 3 of them. An overwhelming majority of respondents (76%) reported having restricted access to the test environments required for completing their development and testing tasks. The time available to access test environments is extremely limited and 30% of that limited time was consumed by configuration/set...
Introducing static code analysis tools into the development process can be difficult, with an ove... more Introducing static code analysis tools into the development process can be difficult, with an overwhelming number of standards, rules, and practices to navigate. This can make the adoption of static analysis challenging, as unoptimized configurations can lead to false alarms, significant pains, and at worst, teams abandoning the idea of introducing static code analysis tools into their process altogether.
To reduce the team’s reliance on the perfect static analysis configuration, and the decision-making burden of the user reviewing warnings, teams can now use AI to automatically identify static analysis warnings that represent the most risk and are most critical to fix.
In this presentation, we share how the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning can augment the process of prioritizing warnings, making it much easier to introduce static analysis into the software development lifecycle, and continue to use the technology efficiently.
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Papers by Rix Groenboom
To reduce the team’s reliance on the perfect static analysis configuration, and the decision-making burden of the user reviewing warnings, teams can now use AI to automatically identify static analysis warnings that represent the most risk and are most critical to fix.
In this presentation, we share how the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning can augment the process of prioritizing warnings, making it much easier to introduce static analysis into the software development lifecycle, and continue to use the technology efficiently.