In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an... more In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis has been estimated to affect up to 13 million individuals or approximately 4–6% of adults. Chronic bronchitis is an increasing cause of significant morbidity and mortality. During acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, subjects experience a worsening of bronchitic symptoms, with an increase from baseline in one or more or the following; dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum volume, purulence or viscosity. The severity of an exacerbation can be graded by how many of these symptoms are present. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated based on patient history and severity of the exacerbation.
In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an... more In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis has been estimated to affect up to 13 million individuals or approximately 4–6% of adults. Chronic bronchitis is an increasing cause of significant morbidity and mortality. During acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, subjects experience a worsening of bronchitic symptoms, with an increase from baseline in one or more or the following; dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum volume, purulence or viscosity. The severity of an exacerbation can be graded by how many of these symptoms are present. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated based on patient history and severity of the exacerbation.
Diarrhoeal diseases are still an important health problem in both developing and developed countr... more Diarrhoeal diseases are still an important health problem in both developing and developed countries, and resistance to commonly used antibiotics among enteric pathogens is a major issue. Quinolones have become important agents in the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases because of their excellent in vitro activity against pathogens and their pharmacological features. In many clinical studies, they appeared to be effective in the treatment of shigellosis and the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea in travellers. Several studies have demonstrated that single-dose therapy with these agents is sufficient in many cases. Their role in the treatment of acute salmonellosis is still controversial, because of their lack of efficacy in eliminating salmonella from the faeces.
We aimed to evaluate the role of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and to investigate whethe... more We aimed to evaluate the role of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and to investigate whether only the invasive coronary angiography (CAG) is sufficient in the diagnosis of the coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. Material and Methods: Sixty-four women (62±10 years) with known CAD were included in this study. They had echocardiography (ECHO), stress/rest gated MPS and invasive CAG. Coronary stenosis as of > 50 % in invasive CAG was accepted as significant. Gated MPS data were compared with invasive CAG and ECHO. Results: Invasive CAG results were abnormal in 34 patients, and normal in 30 cases. Myocardial ischemia was detected by gated MPS in 22/ 30 cases with normal invasive CAG, 6 had mild coronary stenosis in major coronary arteries ranging from 30% to 50% in invasive CAG. 16/ 22 women were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome according to MetSend Diagnostic Criteria and only 8 of 30 patients with normal invasive CAG had false positive MPS data on the reevaluation by a nuclear cardiologist. Conclusion: We think that invasive coronary angiography method is not sufficient alone in the diagnosis of CAD in women. Gated MPS study is recommended to achieve the final decision for myocardial ischemia in the cases with CAD and raw data must always be evaluated to avoid attenuation artifacts. (MIRT 2012;21:69-74) Özet Amaç: Kadınlarda koroner arter hastalığının tanısında gated miyokardiyal perfüzyon SPECT (MPS) rolünü ve invaziv koroner anjiyografinin (KAG) tek başına yeterli olup olmadığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bilinen koroner arter hastalığı olan 64 kadın (62±10 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastaların ECHO, egzersiz / istirahat gated MPS ve invaziv KAG yapılmıştı. İnvaziv KAG'de koroner darlığı >50% ciddi hastalık olarak kabul edildi. Gated MPS verileri, invaziv KAG ve ECHO verileri ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İnvaziv KAG sonuçları 34 hastada anormaldi ve 30 hastada normaldi. Koroner anjiyografisi normal olan 30 hastanın 22'sinde gated MPS ile miyokardiyal iskemi saptandı, bunların 6 tanesinin %30 ile 50 arası hafif koroner darlığı vardı. On altı hasta MetSend tanı kriterlerine göre metabolik sendrom tanısı aldı. Nükleer kardiyolog tarafından yeniden değerlendirmede koroner anjiyografisi normal bulunan 30 hastanın 8'inde MPS verisi yalancı pozitif rapor edildi. Sonuç: Biz, kadınlarda koroner arter hastalığının tanısında invaziv koroner anjiyografi metodunun tek başına etkin olmadığını düşünüyoruz. Koroner arter hastalığı olan vakalarda miyokart iskemisi kesin tanısı gated MPS çalışması ile konulmalıdır ve atenüasyon artefaktları açısından ham data görüntüleri daima değerlendirilmelidir. (MIRT 2012;21:69-74)
Microbiological studies show that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sulbactam–ampicillin enc... more Microbiological studies show that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sulbactam–ampicillin encompasses not only Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes, but also anaerobes. Such a broad spectrum of activity suggests its suitability as monotherapy for the empiric management of polymicrobial infections. Typical mixed infections, which are frequently life-threatening, include those occurring in the abdomen or pelvis, diabetic foot infections, and brain abscess. Numerous comparative clinical studies have revealed the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of sulbactam–ampicillin to be comparable to that of imipenem–cilastatin and the second-generation cephalosporins cefoxitin and cefotetan. In addition, other studies have demonstrated that sulbactam–ampicillin monotherapy is cost-beneficial. A reduction in the duration of hospitalization, the lack of potentially toxic side-effects, and lower drug costs associated with monotherapy all contribute to the cost-effectiveness of sulbactam–ampicillin.
Aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavu... more Aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) are well established in the therapy of a wide range of infections in both hospital and primary-care settings as a result of their very broad-spectrum activity and good tolerability. These agents are particularly suited to the prophylaxis and treatment of polymicrobial infections. Clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of diabetic foot infections, intra-abdominal infections, aspiration-related lung infections, brain abscesses and pelvic inflammatory disease, and in the prophylaxis of infections following abdominal, pelvic and head and neck surgery. Recent studies have also revealed that aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors may provide therapy or prophylaxis which is more cost-effective than with comparative antimicrobial agents.
A total of 7898 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from various clinical materi... more A total of 7898 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from various clinical materials. Pseudomonas (7526) was the most common among them. Alcaligenes faecalis (273), Acinetobacter sp. (93) and Flavobacterium (6) were the other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Most of them were found in urine and pus cultures, however they were also isolated from sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic in vitro. Fifty four per cent of Pseudomonas, 100% of Acinetobacter, and 70% of Alcaligenes faecalis were inhibited by tobramycin.
In this paper, a fatal Cryptococcus meningitis has been reported. This type of meningitis is quit... more In this paper, a fatal Cryptococcus meningitis has been reported. This type of meningitis is quite rare in this country.
In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an... more In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis has been estimated to affect up to 13 million individuals or approximately 4–6% of adults. Chronic bronchitis is an increasing cause of significant morbidity and mortality. During acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, subjects experience a worsening of bronchitic symptoms, with an increase from baseline in one or more or the following; dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum volume, purulence or viscosity. The severity of an exacerbation can be graded by how many of these symptoms are present. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated based on patient history and severity of the exacerbation.
In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an... more In the USA, more than 16 million adults are affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis has been estimated to affect up to 13 million individuals or approximately 4–6% of adults. Chronic bronchitis is an increasing cause of significant morbidity and mortality. During acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, subjects experience a worsening of bronchitic symptoms, with an increase from baseline in one or more or the following; dyspnoea, cough and/or sputum volume, purulence or viscosity. The severity of an exacerbation can be graded by how many of these symptoms are present. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated based on patient history and severity of the exacerbation.
Diarrhoeal diseases are still an important health problem in both developing and developed countr... more Diarrhoeal diseases are still an important health problem in both developing and developed countries, and resistance to commonly used antibiotics among enteric pathogens is a major issue. Quinolones have become important agents in the treatment of diarrhoeal diseases because of their excellent in vitro activity against pathogens and their pharmacological features. In many clinical studies, they appeared to be effective in the treatment of shigellosis and the prevention and treatment of diarrhoea in travellers. Several studies have demonstrated that single-dose therapy with these agents is sufficient in many cases. Their role in the treatment of acute salmonellosis is still controversial, because of their lack of efficacy in eliminating salmonella from the faeces.
We aimed to evaluate the role of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and to investigate whethe... more We aimed to evaluate the role of gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and to investigate whether only the invasive coronary angiography (CAG) is sufficient in the diagnosis of the coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. Material and Methods: Sixty-four women (62±10 years) with known CAD were included in this study. They had echocardiography (ECHO), stress/rest gated MPS and invasive CAG. Coronary stenosis as of > 50 % in invasive CAG was accepted as significant. Gated MPS data were compared with invasive CAG and ECHO. Results: Invasive CAG results were abnormal in 34 patients, and normal in 30 cases. Myocardial ischemia was detected by gated MPS in 22/ 30 cases with normal invasive CAG, 6 had mild coronary stenosis in major coronary arteries ranging from 30% to 50% in invasive CAG. 16/ 22 women were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome according to MetSend Diagnostic Criteria and only 8 of 30 patients with normal invasive CAG had false positive MPS data on the reevaluation by a nuclear cardiologist. Conclusion: We think that invasive coronary angiography method is not sufficient alone in the diagnosis of CAD in women. Gated MPS study is recommended to achieve the final decision for myocardial ischemia in the cases with CAD and raw data must always be evaluated to avoid attenuation artifacts. (MIRT 2012;21:69-74) Özet Amaç: Kadınlarda koroner arter hastalığının tanısında gated miyokardiyal perfüzyon SPECT (MPS) rolünü ve invaziv koroner anjiyografinin (KAG) tek başına yeterli olup olmadığını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bilinen koroner arter hastalığı olan 64 kadın (62±10 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastaların ECHO, egzersiz / istirahat gated MPS ve invaziv KAG yapılmıştı. İnvaziv KAG'de koroner darlığı >50% ciddi hastalık olarak kabul edildi. Gated MPS verileri, invaziv KAG ve ECHO verileri ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İnvaziv KAG sonuçları 34 hastada anormaldi ve 30 hastada normaldi. Koroner anjiyografisi normal olan 30 hastanın 22'sinde gated MPS ile miyokardiyal iskemi saptandı, bunların 6 tanesinin %30 ile 50 arası hafif koroner darlığı vardı. On altı hasta MetSend tanı kriterlerine göre metabolik sendrom tanısı aldı. Nükleer kardiyolog tarafından yeniden değerlendirmede koroner anjiyografisi normal bulunan 30 hastanın 8'inde MPS verisi yalancı pozitif rapor edildi. Sonuç: Biz, kadınlarda koroner arter hastalığının tanısında invaziv koroner anjiyografi metodunun tek başına etkin olmadığını düşünüyoruz. Koroner arter hastalığı olan vakalarda miyokart iskemisi kesin tanısı gated MPS çalışması ile konulmalıdır ve atenüasyon artefaktları açısından ham data görüntüleri daima değerlendirilmelidir. (MIRT 2012;21:69-74)
Microbiological studies show that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sulbactam–ampicillin enc... more Microbiological studies show that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sulbactam–ampicillin encompasses not only Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes, but also anaerobes. Such a broad spectrum of activity suggests its suitability as monotherapy for the empiric management of polymicrobial infections. Typical mixed infections, which are frequently life-threatening, include those occurring in the abdomen or pelvis, diabetic foot infections, and brain abscess. Numerous comparative clinical studies have revealed the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of sulbactam–ampicillin to be comparable to that of imipenem–cilastatin and the second-generation cephalosporins cefoxitin and cefotetan. In addition, other studies have demonstrated that sulbactam–ampicillin monotherapy is cost-beneficial. A reduction in the duration of hospitalization, the lack of potentially toxic side-effects, and lower drug costs associated with monotherapy all contribute to the cost-effectiveness of sulbactam–ampicillin.
Aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavu... more Aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations (ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) are well established in the therapy of a wide range of infections in both hospital and primary-care settings as a result of their very broad-spectrum activity and good tolerability. These agents are particularly suited to the prophylaxis and treatment of polymicrobial infections. Clinical studies have demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of diabetic foot infections, intra-abdominal infections, aspiration-related lung infections, brain abscesses and pelvic inflammatory disease, and in the prophylaxis of infections following abdominal, pelvic and head and neck surgery. Recent studies have also revealed that aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors may provide therapy or prophylaxis which is more cost-effective than with comparative antimicrobial agents.
A total of 7898 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from various clinical materi... more A total of 7898 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from various clinical materials. Pseudomonas (7526) was the most common among them. Alcaligenes faecalis (273), Acinetobacter sp. (93) and Flavobacterium (6) were the other non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. Most of them were found in urine and pus cultures, however they were also isolated from sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic in vitro. Fifty four per cent of Pseudomonas, 100% of Acinetobacter, and 70% of Alcaligenes faecalis were inhibited by tobramycin.
In this paper, a fatal Cryptococcus meningitis has been reported. This type of meningitis is quit... more In this paper, a fatal Cryptococcus meningitis has been reported. This type of meningitis is quite rare in this country.
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