Jima'i
 nau'in jinsi | |
|---|---|
medical attribute (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
role (en) |
| Bangare na |
sex or gender (en) |
| Fuskar |
reproduction (en) |
| Contributing factor of (en) | Bambancin halittu |
| Model item (en) |
genetic sex (en) da anatomical sex (en) |
Jima'i shine binciken kimiyya na Jima'i na ɗan adam, gami da sha'awar jima'i, halayen, da ayyuka.[1] Kalmar ilimin jima'i gabaɗaya ba ta nufin binciken da ba na kimiyya ba game da jima'i, kamar sukar zamantakewa.
Masana ilimin Jima'i suna amfani da kayan aiki daga fannoni da yawa na ilimi, kamar ilimin ɗan adam, ilmin halitta, magani, ilimin halayyar dan adam, illimin annoba, ilimin zamantakewa, da ilimin laifuka.[2] Batutuwan binciken sun haɗa da ci gaban jima'i (matasa), yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi, dangantakar jima'i، ayyukan jima'i. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da nazarin jima'i a duk tsawon rayuwa, gami da Jima'i na yara, balaga, jima'i tsakanin matasa, da jima'in tsakanin tsofaffi. Yankin ilimin jima'i ya haɗa da nazarin jima'i tsakanin mutanen da ke da nakasa ta hankali ko ta jiki. Nazarin ilimin jima'i game da rikice-rikice na jima'i da rikicewar, gami da rikice na erectile da anorgasmia, suma sune manyan abubuwa.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Nazarin kimiyya game da halayyar jima'i a cikin 'yan adam ya fara ne a karni na 19 tare da Heinrich Kaan, wanda littafinsa Psychopathia Sexualis (1844) Michel Foucault ya bayyana a matsayin alama "ranar haihuwa, ko a kowane hali ranar fitowar jima'i da lalata a fagen kiwon lafiya. " Elizabeth Osgood Goodrich Willard ne ya kirkiro kalmar jima'i ta farko a Amurka a 1867. Kusan a lokaci guda wani rukuni na masu gwagwarmayar 'yan luwadi, wadanda har yanzu ba su bayyana kansu a matsayin masu ilimin jima'i ba, suna amsawa ga sauye-sauye a kan iyakokin ƙasashen Turai, rikici wanda ya kawo dokokin rikici waɗanda suka kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi na jima'i da dokokin da suka aikata laifuka kamar ayyukan luwadi.
Zamanin Victorian zuwa WWII
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Duk da halin zamantakewa na cin zarafin jima'i a zamanin Victorian, yunkurin zuwa ga 'yancin jima'i ya fara ne a ƙarshen karni na sha tara a Ingila da Jamus. A cikin 1886, Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing ya buga Psychopathia Sexualis. . Wannan aikin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa ilimin jima'i a matsayin horo na kimiyya.
A Ingila, mahaifin da ya kafa ilimin jima'i shine likita kuma masanin ilimin jima'a Havelock Ellis wanda ya kalubalanci ka'idojin jima'i na zamaninsa game da masturbation da luwaɗi kuma ya sauya tunanin jima'i a lokacinsa. Ayyukansa na asali shine 1897 Sexual Inversion, wanda ke bayyana dangantakar jima'i na maza masu luwadi, gami da maza da yara maza. Ellis ya rubuta binciken farko na luwadi (Karl-Maria Kertbeny ne ya kirkiro kalmar), saboda bai bayyana shi a matsayin cuta, lalata, ko laifi ba. Aikin ya ɗauka cewa soyayya ta jinsi ɗaya ta wuce taboos na shekaru da kuma tabo na jima'i. Bakwai daga cikin karatun shari'arsa guda ashirin da daya na dangantakar tsararraki ne. Ya kuma haɓaka wasu mahimman ra'ayoyin ilimin halayyar mutum, kamar su autoerotism da narcissism, dukansu biyu daga baya Sigmund Freud ya ci gaba da haɓaka su.[1]
Ellis ya fara abubuwan da suka faru tare da Magnus Hirschfeld na Jamus. Ya kafa shi a matsayin sabon rukuni wanda ya bambanta da luwadi.[3] Sanin karatun Hirschfeld na transvestism, amma bai yarda da kalmominsa ba, a cikin 1913 Ellis ya ba da shawarar kalmar jima'i-aesthetic inversion don bayyana abin da ya faru.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Sexology". Merriam Webster. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- ↑ Djajic-Horváth, Aleksandra. "Sexology | interdisciplinary science". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- ↑ Ekins, Richard and King, Dave (2006) The transgender phenomenon, SAGE, ISBN 0-7619-7163-7, pp. 61-64