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Izhar Ali

Guangxi University, Agriculture, Post-Doc

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I did my Bachelor's and Master's Degree from Agricultural University in Peshawar Pakistan and then got CSC Scholarship for Ph.D. I completed my Ph.D. degree in the field of Agronomy in session 2017-2020, Now I am a postdoc at Guangxi University China in the College of Agriculture and Department of Agronomy. Currently working on crop physiology, morphology, roots, quality, soil physio-bio-chemical properties, and greenhouse gases, etc.

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University of California, Davis

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Nanjing Agricultural University

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Papers by Izhar Ali

Effects of Biochar Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilizer on RVA Profile and Rice Grain Quality Attributes

Foods, Feb 22, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Effects of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizer on pomelo orchard soil properties, enzymes activities, and microbial community structure

Frontiers in Microbiology

Fertilizer management can influence soil microbes, soil properties, enzymatic activities, abundan... more Fertilizer management can influence soil microbes, soil properties, enzymatic activities, abundance and community structure. However, information on the effects of biochar in combination with organic-inorganic fertilizer after 3 years under pomelo orchard on soil bacterial abundance, soil properties and enzyme activities are not clear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment with seven treatments, i.e., (1) Ck (control), (2) T1 (2 kg biochar plant–1), (3) T2 (4 kg biochar plant–1), (4) T3 (2 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), (5) T4 (4 kg biochar + 1.7 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), (6) T5 (4 kg biochar + 1.4 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), and (7) T6 (4 kg biochar + 1.1 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1). The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. The results showed that biochar combined with organic-organic ...

Allometric Characteristics of Rice Seedlings under Different Transplanted Hills and Row Spacing: Impacts on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield

Plants

The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important managem... more The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important management measures to improve rice yield. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of various seedlings per hill (1, 3, 6, and 9 seedlings hill−1) under four different rice verities (two conventional rice, two hybrid rice) on allometric characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield in 2020 at early and late season. Results showed that compared with nine seedlings per hill (wide row spacing), the number of effective panicles, yield, grain biomass allocation, grain-to-leaf ratio, grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), N harvest index (NHI) of 1 seedling per hill increased by 21.8%, 10.91%, 10.5%, 32.25%, 17.03%, 9.67%, 6.5%, respectively. With the increase of seedlings per hill and the expansion of row spacing, stem biomass (SB) and reproductive biomass (RB) increased with the increase of above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationsh...

Combined Application of Manure and Chemical Fertilizers Alters Soil Environmental Variables and Improves Soil Fungal Community Composition and Rice Grain Yield

Frontiers in Microbiology

Soil microorganisms play vital roles in energy flow and soil nutrient cycling and, thus, are impo... more Soil microorganisms play vital roles in energy flow and soil nutrient cycling and, thus, are important for crop production. A detailed understanding of the complex responses of microbial communities to diverse organic manure and chemical fertilizers (CFs) is crucial for agroecosystem sustainability. However, little is known about the response of soil fungal communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs, especially under double-rice cropping systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of the application of combined manure and CFs to various fertilization strategies, such as no N fertilizer (Neg-CF); 100% chemical fertilizer (Pos-CF); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (high-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (high-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (low-PM) on soil fungal communities' structure and diversity, soil environmental variables, and rice yield. Results showed that synthetic fertilizer plus manure addition significantly increased the soil ferti...

Effect of Integrated Organic–Inorganic Amendments on Leaf Physiological and Grain Starch Viscosity (Rapid Visco-Analyzer Profile) Characteristics of Rice and Ultisols Soil Quality

Agronomy, Mar 31, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Application on Rice Biomass Saccharification, Bioethanol Yield and Cell Wall Polymers Features

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Rice is a major food crop that produces abundant biomass wastes for biofuels. To improve rice bio... more Rice is a major food crop that produces abundant biomass wastes for biofuels. To improve rice biomass and yield, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used, which is not eco-friendly. Alternatively, biochar (B) application is favored to improve rice biomass and yield under low chemical fertilizers. To minimize the reliance on N fertilizer, we applied four B levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 t B ha−1) combined with two N rates (low-135 and high-180 kg ha−1) to improve biomass yield. Results showed that compared to control, the combined B at 20–30 t ha−1 with low N application significantly improved plant dry matter and arabinose (Ara%), while decreasing cellulose crystallinity (Crl), degree of polymerization (DP), and the ratio of xylose/arabinose (Xyl/Ara), resulting in high hexoses (% cellulose) and bioethanol yield (% dry matter). We concluded that B coupled with N can alter cell wall polymer features in paddy rice resulting in high biomass saccharification and bioethanol production.

Comprehensive analysis of the mechanism underlying plastic microbiome and plants interaction, with future perspectives

by Muhammad Kashif and Izhar Ali

https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.73, 2022

Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms nega... more Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms negatively influence many crops, the economy, and the Environment worldwide. Beneficial plant microbiomes have the immense potential to provide cost-effective and maintainable solutions to existing agricultural challenges. The yield improvement can partly be credited to advanced plant pest and disease management, including better knowledge of phytopathogens and diverse control methods. Well-organized and balanced crop protection is of vast economic and ecological importance for food and feed production. A varied variety of goods made of plastics are utilized in farming which consists of poly- tunnels, plastic reservoirs, mulches, ropes, agrochemical cans, various nets, irrigation systems, packaging bags, nursery pots, anti-bird nets, greenhouses, and their components, wear and tear of these products are hosts of diverse microorganisms in agriculture. However, little investigation has been done to explore plastic microbes' diversity, survival strategies, and interaction mechanisms with plants. Several advanced approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and culturomics, are currently available to scrutinize the multiplicity, composition, and functions of the microbiomes in soil and plant habitats such as rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. This review highlights the increasing use of plastic, plastic microbiomes, subsequent challenges, and future perspectives in agriculture. It emphasizes using advanced molecular tools and techniques to explore the microbiome diversity and the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. The analyzed knowledge gaps in the host-pathogen relationship research area will help to redraft better research approaches based on economic thresholds.

Response of Soil Proteobacteria to Biochar Amendment in Sustainable Agriculture-A mini review

by Hua Zhang and Izhar Ali

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 2022

In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential rol... more In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar play a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria.

Response of Soil Proteobacteria to Biochar Amendment in Sustainable Agriculture-A mini review

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, Oct 1, 2022

In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential rol... more In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulosedecomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar plays a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria,

Unprecedented response of wheat to irrigation levels and various rates of Nano-black carbon

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment , Dec 23, 2021

In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the pr... more In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the proper rate of Nano-black carbon in the soil. Delay in the rain and unsuitable soil health cause severe yield reduction. Therefore this experiment was conducted to compare irrigation levels in relation to a different rate of Nano-black carbon to find out the high yielding fact that could enhance wheat productivity and food security. Three different irrigation levels (250-mm, 275-mm and 300-mm), were compared in early growth stages with five different rates of Nano-black carbon (5Mg ha-1 , 10Mg ha-1 , 15Mg ha-1 , 20Mg ha-1 and 25Mg ha-1). All other agronomic practices were kept similar for each replication. Data was recorded on different growth parameters such as days to emergence, emergence m-2 , plant height, spike length, number of spikes m-2 , thousandgrain weight and grain yield. The study confirmed that almost all irrigation levels were prominent but a significant reduction in different parameters was observed with variation in Nano-black carbon that could ultimately affect soil health and productivity. It was concluded that the proper rate of Nano-black carbon can significantly enhance the development of the roots system which may ultimately increase the shoot growth and final yield. Wheat irrigation levels (250 mm) can properly save water and increase wheat productivity in combination with Nano-black carbon amendments.

High Sink Capacity Improves Rice Grain Yield by Promoting Nitrogen and Dry Matter Accumulation

by Anas Iqbal and Izhar Ali

Agronomy

Sink capacity, nitrogen (N), and dry matter accumulation (DMA) all play essential roles in promot... more Sink capacity, nitrogen (N), and dry matter accumulation (DMA) all play essential roles in promoting high rice grain yield, but their relationship is unclear. Here, a field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2021 with Zhuangxiangyou Baijin 5 as the test cultivar. Two rates of N (T1 = 90 kg ha−1 N and T2 = 180 kg ha−1 N) and three transplanting densities (272,000 hills ha−1 (M1), 238,000 hills ha−1 (M2), and 206,000 hills ha−1 (M3)) were used to investigate rice grain yield and corresponding yield attributes. The results showed significant differences in rice yield, sink capacity, N and DMA, and the leaf area index (LAI) at the heading stage among the different treatments. The results showed that the output of T2M1 was the highest in 2020, increasing by 16.6% compared with the lowest output, while the output of T2M2 was the highest in 2021, increasing by 11.9% compared with the lowest output. During 2020, the highest sink capacity, LAI at the heading stage, and maximum dry matter ...

Partial Substation of Organic Fertilizer With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Biochemical Attributes, Rice Yields, and Restores Bacterial Community Diversity in a Paddy Field

Frontiers in Plant Science

Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely af... more Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely affect soil quality, crop production and the environment. One of the major current challenges of current agriculture is finding ways to increase soil health and crop yield sustainably. Manure application as a substitute for CF is an alternative fertilization strategy for maintaining soil health and biodiversity. However, little is known about the complex response of soil bacterial communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs application. This study reports the response of soil nutrients, rice yield, and soil microbial community structure to 2 years of continuous manure and CFs application. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer control (Neg-Con); 100% CF (Pos-Con); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (Low-PM). We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene ampl...

Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Alter Soil Bacterial Communities, Soil Enzyme Activities, and Nutrient Availability in Maize Crop

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates are widely used to increase crop growth and yield... more Irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates are widely used to increase crop growth and yield and promote the sustainable production of the maize crop. However, our understanding of irrigation and N fertilization in the soil microenvironment is still evolving, and further research on soil bacterial communities under maize crop with irrigation and N management in subtropical regions of China is needed. Therefore, we evaluated the responses of two irrigation levels (low and high irrigation water with 60 and 80% field capacity, respectively) and five N fertilization rates [i.e., control (N0), N200 (200 kg N ha−1), N250 (250 kg N ha−1), N300 (300 kg N ha−1), and N350 (350 kg N ha−1)] on soil bacterial communities, richness, and diversity. We found that both irrigation and N fertilization significantly affected bacterial richness, diversity index, and number of sequences. Low irrigation with N300 treatment has significantly higher soil enzymes activities, soil nutrient content, and b...

Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer: a practical approach for increasing the biomass digestibility and yield of rice and promoting food and energy security

Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2022

Effects of Meteorological Factors on the Yield and Quality of Special Rice in Different Periods after Anthesis

Agricultural Sciences, 2019

In order to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of special ... more In order to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of special rice during the filling stage, an experiment was conducted with 10 special rice varieties which were planted in three different regions during spring 2017. The results showed that the quality traits and yields from different regions of the same variety were different, which reached up to a significant level in most varieties. Among the quality traits, the grain chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were the most sensitive to different climatic factors, and changes were found among them in different regions, while minor variation was found between brown rice rate and white rice rate. The parameters that were severely affected by temperature were gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, brown rice rate and yield during the filling stage. The critically affected factors by heat were brown rice rate, protein content, essential amino acid and amylose content while brown rice rate, chalkiness rate and gelatinization temperature were substantially affected by water factors. Grain yield and quality were closely related to meteorological factors on different stages after heading. Our results revealed that yield and quality of special rice were significantly influenced by meteorological factors during the grain filling stage.

Biochar Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilizer Contribute to the Changes in Soil Properties and Microbial Communities in a Paddy Field

Frontiers in Microbiology, Mar 23, 2022

Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes... more Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes. However, scare information is present about the effect of the combined application of biochar with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer under paddy field condition. We aimed to resolve this research gap in rice field conditions through different biochar in combination with N fertilizers on soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and rice grain yield. The present study involves eight treatments in the form of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha −1) and N (135 and 180 kg ha −1) fertilizer amendments. The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. Experiential findings showed that the treatments had biochar amendments along with N fertilizer significantly advanced soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial carbon (SMBC), soil microbial nitrogen (SMBN), and rice grain yield in comparison to sole N application. Furthermore, in comparison with control in the first year (2019), biochar amendment mixed with N fertilizer had more desirable relative abundance of microorganism, phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria,

Unprecedented response of wheat to irrigation levels and various rates of Nano-black carbon

by Imran Imran and Izhar Ali

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 2021

In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the pr... more In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the proper rate of Nano-black carbon in the soil. Delay in the rain and unsuitable soil health cause severe yield reduction. Therefore this experiment was conducted to compare irrigation levels in relation to a different rate of Nano-black carbon to find out the high yielding fact that could enhance wheat productivity and food security. Three different irrigation levels (250-mm, 275-mm and 300-mm), were compared in early growth stages with five different rates of Nano-black carbon (5Mg ha-1 , 10Mg ha-1 , 15Mg ha-1 , 20Mg ha-1 and 25Mg ha-1). All other agronomic practices were kept similar for each replication. Data was recorded on different growth parameters such as days to emergence, emergence m-2 , plant height, spike length, number of spikes m-2 , thousandgrain weight and grain yield. The study confirmed that almost all irrigation levels were prominent but a significant reduction in different parameters was observed with variation in Nano-black carbon that could ultimately affect soil health and productivity. It was concluded that the proper rate of Nano-black carbon can significantly enhance the development of the roots system which may ultimately increase the shoot growth and final yield. Wheat irrigation levels (250 mm) can properly save water and increase wheat productivity in combination with Nano-black carbon amendments.

Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system

PeerJ

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely ... more The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beil...

Enhancing Rice Yield and Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice Using Ammonium Sulfate as Adjuvant with Lower Dose of Early Postemergence Herbicides

AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science

A field experiment was conducted in 2016 to find out the sequential use of different herbicides w... more A field experiment was conducted in 2016 to find out the sequential use of different herbicides with adjuvants (a substance which enhances pesticides efficiency) towards improved rice production and weed management in direct-seeded rice crop. The early postemergence herbicides (Kelion 50 WG, Ryzelan 240 SC, and Nominee 100 SC were applied at full or 75% of the full dose with and without adjuvants i.e. 2% solution of ammonium sulfate (AS) and alkyl ether sulfate (AES) at 14 days after sowing (DAS), followed by late postemergence herbicides i.e. Puma super (7.5 EW) and Sunstar 60 WG at 28 DAS. Application of herbicides with and without adjuvant substantially suppressed weed with weed dry weight at 40 and 60 DAS and improved rice yield attributes over a weedy check. It was found that a combination of 75% of Nominee 100 SC along with adjuvant i.e. AS (2% v/v) resulted in higher biological yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index (30.65%), more grains per panicle (98.13), 1000 grain weight (21.32 g) with improved seed yield (3.86 t/ha). Also, abortive kernel (5.33), chalky kernels (5.66), opaque kernels (5.00), normal kernel (70.66), water absorptive ratio (4.28), and kernel length (10.13).

Manure Applications Combined With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Functionality, Microbial Biomass and Rice Production in a Paddy Field

Synthetic fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF) is an approach for the improvement of soil heal... more Synthetic fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF) is an approach for the improvement of soil health and quality without compromising crop yield. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore optimal chemical fertilizer (CF) management strategies in the context of OF, such as cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) fertilization to Ultisol soil to improve soil microbial biomass production, enzyme activities and nutrient contents, as well as grain yield of rice. A total of six treatments in the following combinations were used: i.e., T1— CF0; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70%CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF, and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that the combined fertilization significantly increased soil enzymatic activities such as soil invertase, acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, ꞵ-glucosidase, and cellulase as compared to sole CF application. Similarly, the integrated manure and inorganic fertilizers led to significant increases in soil microbial biomas...

Effects of Biochar Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilizer on RVA Profile and Rice Grain Quality Attributes

Foods, Feb 22, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Effects of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizer on pomelo orchard soil properties, enzymes activities, and microbial community structure

Frontiers in Microbiology

Fertilizer management can influence soil microbes, soil properties, enzymatic activities, abundan... more Fertilizer management can influence soil microbes, soil properties, enzymatic activities, abundance and community structure. However, information on the effects of biochar in combination with organic-inorganic fertilizer after 3 years under pomelo orchard on soil bacterial abundance, soil properties and enzyme activities are not clear. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment with seven treatments, i.e., (1) Ck (control), (2) T1 (2 kg biochar plant–1), (3) T2 (4 kg biochar plant–1), (4) T3 (2 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), (5) T4 (4 kg biochar + 1.7 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), (6) T5 (4 kg biochar + 1.4 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1), and (7) T6 (4 kg biochar + 1.1 kg organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer plant–1). The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. The results showed that biochar combined with organic-organic ...

Allometric Characteristics of Rice Seedlings under Different Transplanted Hills and Row Spacing: Impacts on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield

Plants

The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important managem... more The number of seedlings per hill and the configuration of plant row spacing are important management measures to improve rice yield. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of various seedlings per hill (1, 3, 6, and 9 seedlings hill−1) under four different rice verities (two conventional rice, two hybrid rice) on allometric characteristics, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield in 2020 at early and late season. Results showed that compared with nine seedlings per hill (wide row spacing), the number of effective panicles, yield, grain biomass allocation, grain-to-leaf ratio, grain nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE), N harvest index (NHI) of 1 seedling per hill increased by 21.8%, 10.91%, 10.5%, 32.25%, 17.03%, 9.67%, 6.5%, respectively. With the increase of seedlings per hill and the expansion of row spacing, stem biomass (SB) and reproductive biomass (RB) increased with the increase of above-ground biomass, mainly showing the relationsh...

Combined Application of Manure and Chemical Fertilizers Alters Soil Environmental Variables and Improves Soil Fungal Community Composition and Rice Grain Yield

Frontiers in Microbiology

Soil microorganisms play vital roles in energy flow and soil nutrient cycling and, thus, are impo... more Soil microorganisms play vital roles in energy flow and soil nutrient cycling and, thus, are important for crop production. A detailed understanding of the complex responses of microbial communities to diverse organic manure and chemical fertilizers (CFs) is crucial for agroecosystem sustainability. However, little is known about the response of soil fungal communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs, especially under double-rice cropping systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of the application of combined manure and CFs to various fertilization strategies, such as no N fertilizer (Neg-CF); 100% chemical fertilizer (Pos-CF); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (high-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (high-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (low-PM) on soil fungal communities' structure and diversity, soil environmental variables, and rice yield. Results showed that synthetic fertilizer plus manure addition significantly increased the soil ferti...

Effect of Integrated Organic–Inorganic Amendments on Leaf Physiological and Grain Starch Viscosity (Rapid Visco-Analyzer Profile) Characteristics of Rice and Ultisols Soil Quality

Agronomy, Mar 31, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more

Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Application on Rice Biomass Saccharification, Bioethanol Yield and Cell Wall Polymers Features

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Rice is a major food crop that produces abundant biomass wastes for biofuels. To improve rice bio... more Rice is a major food crop that produces abundant biomass wastes for biofuels. To improve rice biomass and yield, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used, which is not eco-friendly. Alternatively, biochar (B) application is favored to improve rice biomass and yield under low chemical fertilizers. To minimize the reliance on N fertilizer, we applied four B levels (0, 10, 20, and 30 t B ha−1) combined with two N rates (low-135 and high-180 kg ha−1) to improve biomass yield. Results showed that compared to control, the combined B at 20–30 t ha−1 with low N application significantly improved plant dry matter and arabinose (Ara%), while decreasing cellulose crystallinity (Crl), degree of polymerization (DP), and the ratio of xylose/arabinose (Xyl/Ara), resulting in high hexoses (% cellulose) and bioethanol yield (% dry matter). We concluded that B coupled with N can alter cell wall polymer features in paddy rice resulting in high biomass saccharification and bioethanol production.

Comprehensive analysis of the mechanism underlying plastic microbiome and plants interaction, with future perspectives

by Muhammad Kashif and Izhar Ali

https://doi.org/10.56946/jspae.v1i2.73, 2022

Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms nega... more Agriculture has a vital role in the life cycle of an economy. Phytopathogenic microorganisms negatively influence many crops, the economy, and the Environment worldwide. Beneficial plant microbiomes have the immense potential to provide cost-effective and maintainable solutions to existing agricultural challenges. The yield improvement can partly be credited to advanced plant pest and disease management, including better knowledge of phytopathogens and diverse control methods. Well-organized and balanced crop protection is of vast economic and ecological importance for food and feed production. A varied variety of goods made of plastics are utilized in farming which consists of poly- tunnels, plastic reservoirs, mulches, ropes, agrochemical cans, various nets, irrigation systems, packaging bags, nursery pots, anti-bird nets, greenhouses, and their components, wear and tear of these products are hosts of diverse microorganisms in agriculture. However, little investigation has been done to explore plastic microbes' diversity, survival strategies, and interaction mechanisms with plants. Several advanced approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and culturomics, are currently available to scrutinize the multiplicity, composition, and functions of the microbiomes in soil and plant habitats such as rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. This review highlights the increasing use of plastic, plastic microbiomes, subsequent challenges, and future perspectives in agriculture. It emphasizes using advanced molecular tools and techniques to explore the microbiome diversity and the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction. The analyzed knowledge gaps in the host-pathogen relationship research area will help to redraft better research approaches based on economic thresholds.

Response of Soil Proteobacteria to Biochar Amendment in Sustainable Agriculture-A mini review

by Hua Zhang and Izhar Ali

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 2022

In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential rol... more In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar play a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Epsilonproteobacteria.

Response of Soil Proteobacteria to Biochar Amendment in Sustainable Agriculture-A mini review

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, Oct 1, 2022

In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential rol... more In recent years, biochar application to soil has become more popularized due to its potential roles on soil fertility, plant growth, and development. In this review, we discussed the impact of biochar on the relative abundance of soil proteobacteria and its relationship with soil physiochemical properties under different rhizospheres. It was observed that biochar applied to different soil improved proteobacteria, and its lowest and highest relative abundance was ranged from 30-80%, respectively. A positive relationship of soil proteobacteria with soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, total carbon were observed in several studies. Both the relative abundance of proteobacteria and its relationship with soil properties depend on biochar type, soil type, and fertilizers applied to the soil. Most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, cellulosedecomposing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria belong to proteobacteria, which plays a significant role in nitrogen recycling that is beneficial for the plant growth, yield and fruits/seeds quality. Furthermore, a positive relationship between soil proteobacteria and plant yield was also highlighted. In this context, the use of biochar plays a potential role to improve the relative abundance of proteobacteria in sustainable agriculture. We highlighted future research guidelines that might benefit the sustainable agricultural system. Moreover, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of biochar application on Proteobaceria families such as Alphaproteobacteria,

Unprecedented response of wheat to irrigation levels and various rates of Nano-black carbon

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment , Dec 23, 2021

In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the pr... more In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the proper rate of Nano-black carbon in the soil. Delay in the rain and unsuitable soil health cause severe yield reduction. Therefore this experiment was conducted to compare irrigation levels in relation to a different rate of Nano-black carbon to find out the high yielding fact that could enhance wheat productivity and food security. Three different irrigation levels (250-mm, 275-mm and 300-mm), were compared in early growth stages with five different rates of Nano-black carbon (5Mg ha-1 , 10Mg ha-1 , 15Mg ha-1 , 20Mg ha-1 and 25Mg ha-1). All other agronomic practices were kept similar for each replication. Data was recorded on different growth parameters such as days to emergence, emergence m-2 , plant height, spike length, number of spikes m-2 , thousandgrain weight and grain yield. The study confirmed that almost all irrigation levels were prominent but a significant reduction in different parameters was observed with variation in Nano-black carbon that could ultimately affect soil health and productivity. It was concluded that the proper rate of Nano-black carbon can significantly enhance the development of the roots system which may ultimately increase the shoot growth and final yield. Wheat irrigation levels (250 mm) can properly save water and increase wheat productivity in combination with Nano-black carbon amendments.

High Sink Capacity Improves Rice Grain Yield by Promoting Nitrogen and Dry Matter Accumulation

by Anas Iqbal and Izhar Ali

Agronomy

Sink capacity, nitrogen (N), and dry matter accumulation (DMA) all play essential roles in promot... more Sink capacity, nitrogen (N), and dry matter accumulation (DMA) all play essential roles in promoting high rice grain yield, but their relationship is unclear. Here, a field experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2021 with Zhuangxiangyou Baijin 5 as the test cultivar. Two rates of N (T1 = 90 kg ha−1 N and T2 = 180 kg ha−1 N) and three transplanting densities (272,000 hills ha−1 (M1), 238,000 hills ha−1 (M2), and 206,000 hills ha−1 (M3)) were used to investigate rice grain yield and corresponding yield attributes. The results showed significant differences in rice yield, sink capacity, N and DMA, and the leaf area index (LAI) at the heading stage among the different treatments. The results showed that the output of T2M1 was the highest in 2020, increasing by 16.6% compared with the lowest output, while the output of T2M2 was the highest in 2021, increasing by 11.9% compared with the lowest output. During 2020, the highest sink capacity, LAI at the heading stage, and maximum dry matter ...

Partial Substation of Organic Fertilizer With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Biochemical Attributes, Rice Yields, and Restores Bacterial Community Diversity in a Paddy Field

Frontiers in Plant Science

Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely af... more Conventional farming systems are highly reliant on chemical fertilizers (CFs), which adversely affect soil quality, crop production and the environment. One of the major current challenges of current agriculture is finding ways to increase soil health and crop yield sustainably. Manure application as a substitute for CF is an alternative fertilization strategy for maintaining soil health and biodiversity. However, little is known about the complex response of soil bacterial communities and soil nutrients to manure and CFs application. This study reports the response of soil nutrients, rice yield, and soil microbial community structure to 2 years of continuous manure and CFs application. The study consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer control (Neg-Con); 100% CF (Pos-Con); 60% cattle manure (CM) + 40% CF (High-CM); 30% CM + 70% CF (Low-CM); 60% poultry manure (PM) + 40% CF (High-PM), and 30% PM + 70% CF (Low-PM). We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene ampl...

Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Alter Soil Bacterial Communities, Soil Enzyme Activities, and Nutrient Availability in Maize Crop

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022

Irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates are widely used to increase crop growth and yield... more Irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates are widely used to increase crop growth and yield and promote the sustainable production of the maize crop. However, our understanding of irrigation and N fertilization in the soil microenvironment is still evolving, and further research on soil bacterial communities under maize crop with irrigation and N management in subtropical regions of China is needed. Therefore, we evaluated the responses of two irrigation levels (low and high irrigation water with 60 and 80% field capacity, respectively) and five N fertilization rates [i.e., control (N0), N200 (200 kg N ha−1), N250 (250 kg N ha−1), N300 (300 kg N ha−1), and N350 (350 kg N ha−1)] on soil bacterial communities, richness, and diversity. We found that both irrigation and N fertilization significantly affected bacterial richness, diversity index, and number of sequences. Low irrigation with N300 treatment has significantly higher soil enzymes activities, soil nutrient content, and b...

Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer: a practical approach for increasing the biomass digestibility and yield of rice and promoting food and energy security

Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2022

Effects of Meteorological Factors on the Yield and Quality of Special Rice in Different Periods after Anthesis

Agricultural Sciences, 2019

In order to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of special ... more In order to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of special rice during the filling stage, an experiment was conducted with 10 special rice varieties which were planted in three different regions during spring 2017. The results showed that the quality traits and yields from different regions of the same variety were different, which reached up to a significant level in most varieties. Among the quality traits, the grain chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree were the most sensitive to different climatic factors, and changes were found among them in different regions, while minor variation was found between brown rice rate and white rice rate. The parameters that were severely affected by temperature were gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, brown rice rate and yield during the filling stage. The critically affected factors by heat were brown rice rate, protein content, essential amino acid and amylose content while brown rice rate, chalkiness rate and gelatinization temperature were substantially affected by water factors. Grain yield and quality were closely related to meteorological factors on different stages after heading. Our results revealed that yield and quality of special rice were significantly influenced by meteorological factors during the grain filling stage.

Biochar Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilizer Contribute to the Changes in Soil Properties and Microbial Communities in a Paddy Field

Frontiers in Microbiology, Mar 23, 2022

Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes... more Biochar amendment can influence the abundance, activity, and community structure of soil microbes. However, scare information is present about the effect of the combined application of biochar with synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer under paddy field condition. We aimed to resolve this research gap in rice field conditions through different biochar in combination with N fertilizers on soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and rice grain yield. The present study involves eight treatments in the form of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha −1) and N (135 and 180 kg ha −1) fertilizer amendments. The soil microbial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene amplicons. Experiential findings showed that the treatments had biochar amendments along with N fertilizer significantly advanced soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil microbial carbon (SMBC), soil microbial nitrogen (SMBN), and rice grain yield in comparison to sole N application. Furthermore, in comparison with control in the first year (2019), biochar amendment mixed with N fertilizer had more desirable relative abundance of microorganism, phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria,

Unprecedented response of wheat to irrigation levels and various rates of Nano-black carbon

by Imran Imran and Izhar Ali

Journal of Soil, Plant and Environment, 2021

In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the pr... more In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, wheat yield is subjected to the availability of water and the proper rate of Nano-black carbon in the soil. Delay in the rain and unsuitable soil health cause severe yield reduction. Therefore this experiment was conducted to compare irrigation levels in relation to a different rate of Nano-black carbon to find out the high yielding fact that could enhance wheat productivity and food security. Three different irrigation levels (250-mm, 275-mm and 300-mm), were compared in early growth stages with five different rates of Nano-black carbon (5Mg ha-1 , 10Mg ha-1 , 15Mg ha-1 , 20Mg ha-1 and 25Mg ha-1). All other agronomic practices were kept similar for each replication. Data was recorded on different growth parameters such as days to emergence, emergence m-2 , plant height, spike length, number of spikes m-2 , thousandgrain weight and grain yield. The study confirmed that almost all irrigation levels were prominent but a significant reduction in different parameters was observed with variation in Nano-black carbon that could ultimately affect soil health and productivity. It was concluded that the proper rate of Nano-black carbon can significantly enhance the development of the roots system which may ultimately increase the shoot growth and final yield. Wheat irrigation levels (250 mm) can properly save water and increase wheat productivity in combination with Nano-black carbon amendments.

Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system

PeerJ

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely ... more The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beil...

Enhancing Rice Yield and Weed Management in Direct Seeded Rice Using Ammonium Sulfate as Adjuvant with Lower Dose of Early Postemergence Herbicides

AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science

A field experiment was conducted in 2016 to find out the sequential use of different herbicides w... more A field experiment was conducted in 2016 to find out the sequential use of different herbicides with adjuvants (a substance which enhances pesticides efficiency) towards improved rice production and weed management in direct-seeded rice crop. The early postemergence herbicides (Kelion 50 WG, Ryzelan 240 SC, and Nominee 100 SC were applied at full or 75% of the full dose with and without adjuvants i.e. 2% solution of ammonium sulfate (AS) and alkyl ether sulfate (AES) at 14 days after sowing (DAS), followed by late postemergence herbicides i.e. Puma super (7.5 EW) and Sunstar 60 WG at 28 DAS. Application of herbicides with and without adjuvant substantially suppressed weed with weed dry weight at 40 and 60 DAS and improved rice yield attributes over a weedy check. It was found that a combination of 75% of Nominee 100 SC along with adjuvant i.e. AS (2% v/v) resulted in higher biological yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index (30.65%), more grains per panicle (98.13), 1000 grain weight (21.32 g) with improved seed yield (3.86 t/ha). Also, abortive kernel (5.33), chalky kernels (5.66), opaque kernels (5.00), normal kernel (70.66), water absorptive ratio (4.28), and kernel length (10.13).

Manure Applications Combined With Chemical Fertilizer Improves Soil Functionality, Microbial Biomass and Rice Production in a Paddy Field

Synthetic fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF) is an approach for the improvement of soil heal... more Synthetic fertilizer with organic fertilizer (OF) is an approach for the improvement of soil health and quality without compromising crop yield. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore optimal chemical fertilizer (CF) management strategies in the context of OF, such as cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) fertilization to Ultisol soil to improve soil microbial biomass production, enzyme activities and nutrient contents, as well as grain yield of rice. A total of six treatments in the following combinations were used: i.e., T1— CF0; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70%CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF, and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that the combined fertilization significantly increased soil enzymatic activities such as soil invertase, acid phosphatase, urease, catalase, ꞵ-glucosidase, and cellulase as compared to sole CF application. Similarly, the integrated manure and inorganic fertilizers led to significant increases in soil microbial biomas...