Introduction: Commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing profession is the center of nursing v... more Introduction: Commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing profession is the center of nursing values and it necessitates honesty as its fundamental element. Nursing students dishonesty in classroom and clinical situations has the potential to jeopardize nursing practice. Academic misconduct contributes to inaccurate evaluations of nursing students knowledge level. Neutralization behaviors are techniques that protect the individual from self-blame. Some faculties use nursing code of ethics to prevent academic dishonesty. Objective: This study aims to determine nursing student s views on academic dishonesty, neutralization behaviors, code of ethics and commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 193 nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences were chosen by census method and data were collected by a three part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation,...
Introduction:Family of chronic renal disease patients conducts various supportive interventions f... more Introduction:Family of chronic renal disease patients conducts various supportive interventions for their patients at home and outpatient centers such as dialysis ward in hospitals. Caregivers of these patients often spend a lot of time caring for them and withstand fatigue and burden. Timely recognition of these burdens in the caregivers, have played a decisive role in promoting mental healt Objective:This study aimed to determine the level of caregiver burden and its related factors in caregivers of hemodialysis patients referring to Razi hospital in Rasht city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 154 hemodialysis patients referred to the Razi Hospital in Rasht who was chosen by Sequential sampling method. Data were collected through interview by completing two questionnaire of Zarit caregiver burden and socio-demographic of patients and caregivers. Data were analyzed by using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (binomial test) Results: Mean and sta...
Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of... more Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of life. Awareness of sleep disturbances, as one of the disturbing factors of the quality of life among HF patients, and its related factors would help health care staff to provide more comprehensive care. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 240 patients with HF hospitalized in one of the health centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences between July and December 2013. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a researcher-designed questionnaire on sleep disturbing factors were the instruments of this study. The correlation and relationship between sleep quality and variables related to personal, environmental, and disease factors were assessed. Results: The majority of the samples (91.2%) had a poor sleep quality. A significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and age
Aims and Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most important metabolic bone disease and health ... more Aims and Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most important metabolic bone disease and health problems worldwide. The study's objective is to investigate the effect of health belief model based education on the prevention of osteoporosis in female administrative staffs in Iran. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 110 female administrative staffs in medical, dentistry, pharmacy, health, nursing and midwifery faculties of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran, were selected in 2016-2017. The data collection was carried out using: 1-Demographic information 2- Osteoporosis knowledge questionnaire, 3- Osteoporosis health beliefs questionnaire. Both experimental and control groups were evaluated in three stages. Results: The results of the present study showed that the majority of the studied subjects were married (84.5%), aged 35-40 (44.5%), had undergraduate degrees (62.7%), and their field of study was humanities (80.9%). Independent t-test showed that the ...
Introduction: Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women's lives and is a physiologica... more Introduction: Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women's lives and is a physiological event that occurs in middle age women between 40-59 years which results in physical, mental and social wellbeing and influences their quality of life. Paying attention to postmenopausal women's quality of life can guarantee health for more than a third of their lifetime. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with specific quality of life in postmenopausal women referring to Retirement Fund in Rasht city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 postmenopausal women who referred to Retirement Fund in Rasht selected by sequential sampling. Data were collected by a two part questionnaire including: researcher-made questionnaire on personal factors and Quality of Life Questionnaire Specific to Menopause (MENQOL). Results were analyzed using descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T independent test, Chi-square, Exact Fisher test and Regression). Results: Findings showed that the overall quality of life of postmenopausal women in 54.4% of cases was good and 45.6% of cases reported it as moderate and only one case (0.6%) reported unsatisfactory quality of life. Also samples' quality of life in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domain was satisfactory but reported unsatisfactory in sexual domain. Results of regression model indicated a significant relationship between quality of life and age (P=0.004), educational level (P=0.03), physical activity (P=0.03), marital satisfaction (P=0.02), employment after retirement (P=0.01), the organization covering retirement (P=0.004), not spending time with friends (P=0.004), no arthritic disease (P=0.006) and no hyperlipidemia (P=0.03). Conclusion: Quality of life can be affected by several factors. Identifying quality of life condition of postmenopausal women is important in explaining the need for training, counseling, care and treatment of postmenopausal women and serves as basis for formulation and implementation of health care programs and further planning to improve their quality of life.
Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World ... more Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World Health Organization has highlighted Health Literacy (HL) as one of the most important determinants of health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the HL level and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS). Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of the correlational type conducted on 583 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The study data were collected using a demographic form and the HL for Iranian Adults (HLIA) questionnaire. Then the collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Friedman, ANOVA, and the Independent t-test. Results: The Mean±SD BMI of the students was 22.66±3.01 kg/m 2. The HL in the areas of access, reading, understanding, appraisal and decision making, and using information were respectively favorable in 63.5%, 58.5%, 74.4%, 62.6%, and 32.9% of all cases. Moreover, 52.5% of students had a moderate level of HL. There was no significant difference between normal, overweight and obese students regarding their HL (P=0.508). Conclusion: Although the HL level of most students was moderate, it was not correlated with their BMI. Regarding the importance of HL and its relevance to health implications, the planning for improving HL is required.
Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among schoolaged children, and m... more Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among schoolaged children, and modification of the nutritional status in children is as well important. Objective: Present study aims to determine the effectiveness of child to child teaching approach as compared to educator to child teaching approach on promotion of nutritional status of elementary school students in Rasht city in 2014-15. Materials and Methods: This is an educational trial study. Samples were chosen by randomcluster sampling model through which 452 students aging 9-11 years were selected from third, fourth and fifth grades from elementary schools of different districts of Rasht. Tools consisted of demographic questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (checklist) with 54 items on snacks. From 452 students, 188 students with unfavorable frequency were divided into three groups; 62 students in child-to-child group, 68 students in health educator-to-child group and 58 students in control group. An educational package (including pamphlets, booklets and posters) was taught by researcher on food pyramid, healthy and unhealthy snacks using role play and fruit festival conducted in three sessions each lasting 30 minutes for three level elementary students and health educators. Of course the control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi Square, Mann Whiteny ans Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: The differences of mean in score changes before and after education in child to child group was more effective than educator to child teaching group (P=0.001). Based on food frequency score obtained on nutritional status after teaching, the health educator to child group performed better than other groups (P=0.014). Conclusion: Study findings indicated that child to child teaching was close to the performance of health educators in relation to promotion of nutritional status and favorable food frequency. Therefore in attention to potential ability of children in teaching, they can improve school health programs along with educator to child teaching approach.
In most countries, one of the main reasons for developing more advanced roles for nurses is to im... more In most countries, one of the main reasons for developing more advanced roles for nurses is to improve access to care in the context of limited number of doctors. It is considered that the introduction of major policy initiatives, such as nurse prescribing, requires high-level discussion and policy development to ensure successful implementation. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators of nurse prescribing based on policymakers' views in Iran. This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis approach. A purposeful sample of 14 participants were recruited, including 6 members of the Nursing Board, 6 members of the Iranian Nursing Organization, and 2 senior employees of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The four emerged categories as facilitators of nurse prescribing were labeled "positive views of heal...
The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, 2015
Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of... more Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of life. Awareness of sleep disturbances, as one of the disturbing factors of the quality of life among HF patients, and its related factors would help health care staff to provide more comprehensive care. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 240 patients with HF hospitalized in one of the health centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences between July and December 2013. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a researcher-designed questionnaire on sleep disturbing factors were the instruments of this study. The correlation and relationship between sleep quality and variables related to personal, environmental, and disease factors were assessed. Results: The majority of the samples (91.2%) had a...
Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's developm... more Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chisquared test, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant's age (OR=1.582, 95%CI= 1.133-2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95%CI= 1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status. Conclusion: Raising the mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged under 2 years old.
Introduction: Family-related factors play an important role in adolescent’s addiction to the Inte... more Introduction: Family-related factors play an important role in adolescent’s addiction to the Internet. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning in high school students. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 796 high school students in Rasht city, Iran who were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, and the Family Assessment Device. Chi-Square test and rank-ordered logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results:The response rate of of students was 86.81%; 85.7% had at least two family members who were using the Internet; 71.2% of students had no addiction, 27.5% were exposed to Internet addiction and 1.3% had Internet addiction. The majority (65.0%) of studnets had unhealthy family functioning. The relationship between Internet addicti...
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, Jan 30, 2020
Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's developm... more Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chisquared test, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant's age (OR=1.582, 95%CI= 1.133-2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95%CI= 1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status. Conclusion: Raising the mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged under 2 years old.
Background and Objectives: A positive childbirth experience is associated with sense of control, ... more Background and Objectives: A positive childbirth experience is associated with sense of control, power, and satisfaction in mother, which affects mother's sexual activity with her newborn, her sexual activity and her planning for future pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the childbirth experience and its related socio-demographic factors. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 165 mothers who were hospitalized in postpartum ward of AL Zahra hospital in Rasht city (2017), were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools were socio-demographic and childbirth experience (CEQ) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson`s correlation coefficient, independent tone ne-way ANOVA, and logistic regression tests. Results: Total mean score of mothers` childbirth experience was 58.13 10.72 (score range, 22-88). The mean standard score (1-4) in professional support domain (3.15±0.7) was higher than other domains, and the mean standardized scores of the mother participation domain (2.0 21.84) was lower than the other domains. Moreover, mode of delivery (p=0.005) and gestational age (p=0.004), were the most important factors that had significant correlation with mother's childbirth experience. Conclusion: According to the results, the effective communication of health care providers, mother`s active participation during delivery, high gestational age, and normal vaginal delivery are the most important factors associated with positive childbirth experience. Therefore, avoiding unnecessary interventions, such as termination of pregnancy at a low gestational age without the maternal and fetal indications and higher maternal participation in the process of delivery seem necessary.
Introduction: Aesthetics is a value for the current Iranian society, leading to a competition to ... more Introduction: Aesthetics is a value for the current Iranian society, leading to a competition to become more beautiful. According to global studies, Iran has the highest rate of cosmetic surgery in the world. Aim: The present study aims to investigate and determine the factors related to the tendency to have rhinoplasty in candidates visiting educational and medical centers in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study in which 230 samples for rhinoplasty were selected based on the gradual visits to be accepted as candidates. Data collection tools include demographic and researcher-made questionnaires to assess the factors related to rhinoplasty. After determining the factors related to the rhinoplasty, Cronbach's alpha and gamma coefficients were used to determine the internal stability of the factors and questions. ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used for the factors’ reliability. SPSS-23 was ...
Introduction: Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report... more Introduction: Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World Health Organization has highlighted Health Literacy (HL) as one of the most important determinants of health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the HL level and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS). Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of the correlational type conducted on 583 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The study data were collected using a demographic form and the HL for Iranian Adults (HLIA) questionnaire. Then the collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Friedman, ANOVA, and the Independent t-test. Results: The Mean±SD BMI of the students was 22.66±3.01 kg/m2. The HL in the areas of access, reading, understanding, appraisal and decision making, and using informatio...
Introduction: Commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing profession is the center of nursing v... more Introduction: Commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing profession is the center of nursing values and it necessitates honesty as its fundamental element. Nursing students dishonesty in classroom and clinical situations has the potential to jeopardize nursing practice. Academic misconduct contributes to inaccurate evaluations of nursing students knowledge level. Neutralization behaviors are techniques that protect the individual from self-blame. Some faculties use nursing code of ethics to prevent academic dishonesty. Objective: This study aims to determine nursing student s views on academic dishonesty, neutralization behaviors, code of ethics and commitment to the ethics of caring in nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 193 nursing students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences were chosen by census method and data were collected by a three part questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation,...
Introduction:Family of chronic renal disease patients conducts various supportive interventions f... more Introduction:Family of chronic renal disease patients conducts various supportive interventions for their patients at home and outpatient centers such as dialysis ward in hospitals. Caregivers of these patients often spend a lot of time caring for them and withstand fatigue and burden. Timely recognition of these burdens in the caregivers, have played a decisive role in promoting mental healt Objective:This study aimed to determine the level of caregiver burden and its related factors in caregivers of hemodialysis patients referring to Razi hospital in Rasht city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 154 hemodialysis patients referred to the Razi Hospital in Rasht who was chosen by Sequential sampling method. Data were collected through interview by completing two questionnaire of Zarit caregiver burden and socio-demographic of patients and caregivers. Data were analyzed by using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (binomial test) Results: Mean and sta...
Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of... more Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of life. Awareness of sleep disturbances, as one of the disturbing factors of the quality of life among HF patients, and its related factors would help health care staff to provide more comprehensive care. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 240 patients with HF hospitalized in one of the health centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences between July and December 2013. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a researcher-designed questionnaire on sleep disturbing factors were the instruments of this study. The correlation and relationship between sleep quality and variables related to personal, environmental, and disease factors were assessed. Results: The majority of the samples (91.2%) had a poor sleep quality. A significant positive correlation was found between sleep quality and age
Aims and Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most important metabolic bone disease and health ... more Aims and Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most important metabolic bone disease and health problems worldwide. The study's objective is to investigate the effect of health belief model based education on the prevention of osteoporosis in female administrative staffs in Iran. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 110 female administrative staffs in medical, dentistry, pharmacy, health, nursing and midwifery faculties of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran, were selected in 2016-2017. The data collection was carried out using: 1-Demographic information 2- Osteoporosis knowledge questionnaire, 3- Osteoporosis health beliefs questionnaire. Both experimental and control groups were evaluated in three stages. Results: The results of the present study showed that the majority of the studied subjects were married (84.5%), aged 35-40 (44.5%), had undergraduate degrees (62.7%), and their field of study was humanities (80.9%). Independent t-test showed that the ...
Introduction: Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women's lives and is a physiologica... more Introduction: Menopause is one of the most critical stages of women's lives and is a physiological event that occurs in middle age women between 40-59 years which results in physical, mental and social wellbeing and influences their quality of life. Paying attention to postmenopausal women's quality of life can guarantee health for more than a third of their lifetime. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with specific quality of life in postmenopausal women referring to Retirement Fund in Rasht city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 postmenopausal women who referred to Retirement Fund in Rasht selected by sequential sampling. Data were collected by a two part questionnaire including: researcher-made questionnaire on personal factors and Quality of Life Questionnaire Specific to Menopause (MENQOL). Results were analyzed using descriptive (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (T independent test, Chi-square, Exact Fisher test and Regression). Results: Findings showed that the overall quality of life of postmenopausal women in 54.4% of cases was good and 45.6% of cases reported it as moderate and only one case (0.6%) reported unsatisfactory quality of life. Also samples' quality of life in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domain was satisfactory but reported unsatisfactory in sexual domain. Results of regression model indicated a significant relationship between quality of life and age (P=0.004), educational level (P=0.03), physical activity (P=0.03), marital satisfaction (P=0.02), employment after retirement (P=0.01), the organization covering retirement (P=0.004), not spending time with friends (P=0.004), no arthritic disease (P=0.006) and no hyperlipidemia (P=0.03). Conclusion: Quality of life can be affected by several factors. Identifying quality of life condition of postmenopausal women is important in explaining the need for training, counseling, care and treatment of postmenopausal women and serves as basis for formulation and implementation of health care programs and further planning to improve their quality of life.
Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World ... more Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World Health Organization has highlighted Health Literacy (HL) as one of the most important determinants of health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the HL level and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS). Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of the correlational type conducted on 583 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The study data were collected using a demographic form and the HL for Iranian Adults (HLIA) questionnaire. Then the collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Friedman, ANOVA, and the Independent t-test. Results: The Mean±SD BMI of the students was 22.66±3.01 kg/m 2. The HL in the areas of access, reading, understanding, appraisal and decision making, and using information were respectively favorable in 63.5%, 58.5%, 74.4%, 62.6%, and 32.9% of all cases. Moreover, 52.5% of students had a moderate level of HL. There was no significant difference between normal, overweight and obese students regarding their HL (P=0.508). Conclusion: Although the HL level of most students was moderate, it was not correlated with their BMI. Regarding the importance of HL and its relevance to health implications, the planning for improving HL is required.
Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among schoolaged children, and m... more Nutritional problems are one of the most important health issues among schoolaged children, and modification of the nutritional status in children is as well important. Objective: Present study aims to determine the effectiveness of child to child teaching approach as compared to educator to child teaching approach on promotion of nutritional status of elementary school students in Rasht city in 2014-15. Materials and Methods: This is an educational trial study. Samples were chosen by randomcluster sampling model through which 452 students aging 9-11 years were selected from third, fourth and fifth grades from elementary schools of different districts of Rasht. Tools consisted of demographic questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire (checklist) with 54 items on snacks. From 452 students, 188 students with unfavorable frequency were divided into three groups; 62 students in child-to-child group, 68 students in health educator-to-child group and 58 students in control group. An educational package (including pamphlets, booklets and posters) was taught by researcher on food pyramid, healthy and unhealthy snacks using role play and fruit festival conducted in three sessions each lasting 30 minutes for three level elementary students and health educators. Of course the control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi Square, Mann Whiteny ans Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: The differences of mean in score changes before and after education in child to child group was more effective than educator to child teaching group (P=0.001). Based on food frequency score obtained on nutritional status after teaching, the health educator to child group performed better than other groups (P=0.014). Conclusion: Study findings indicated that child to child teaching was close to the performance of health educators in relation to promotion of nutritional status and favorable food frequency. Therefore in attention to potential ability of children in teaching, they can improve school health programs along with educator to child teaching approach.
In most countries, one of the main reasons for developing more advanced roles for nurses is to im... more In most countries, one of the main reasons for developing more advanced roles for nurses is to improve access to care in the context of limited number of doctors. It is considered that the introduction of major policy initiatives, such as nurse prescribing, requires high-level discussion and policy development to ensure successful implementation. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators of nurse prescribing based on policymakers' views in Iran. This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis approach. A purposeful sample of 14 participants were recruited, including 6 members of the Nursing Board, 6 members of the Iranian Nursing Organization, and 2 senior employees of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The four emerged categories as facilitators of nurse prescribing were labeled "positive views of heal...
The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center, 2015
Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of... more Background: Sleep disorders among heart failure (HF) patients negatively influence the quality of life. Awareness of sleep disturbances, as one of the disturbing factors of the quality of life among HF patients, and its related factors would help health care staff to provide more comprehensive care. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors in hospitalized patients with HF. Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 240 patients with HF hospitalized in one of the health centers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences between July and December 2013. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a researcher-designed questionnaire on sleep disturbing factors were the instruments of this study. The correlation and relationship between sleep quality and variables related to personal, environmental, and disease factors were assessed. Results: The majority of the samples (91.2%) had a...
Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's developm... more Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chisquared test, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant's age (OR=1.582, 95%CI= 1.133-2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95%CI= 1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status. Conclusion: Raising the mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged under 2 years old.
Introduction: Family-related factors play an important role in adolescent’s addiction to the Inte... more Introduction: Family-related factors play an important role in adolescent’s addiction to the Internet. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Internet addiction and family functioning in high school students. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 796 high school students in Rasht city, Iran who were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, and the Family Assessment Device. Chi-Square test and rank-ordered logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results:The response rate of of students was 86.81%; 85.7% had at least two family members who were using the Internet; 71.2% of students had no addiction, 27.5% were exposed to Internet addiction and 1.3% had Internet addiction. The majority (65.0%) of studnets had unhealthy family functioning. The relationship between Internet addicti...
Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery, Jan 30, 2020
Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's developm... more Breastfeeding after birth and during the first two years of life highly affects a baby's development and growth. Various factors can affect mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the breastfeeding status of up to 2 years of age babies and its associated factors based on Behaviors, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 270 mothers with babies aged 6-24 months, referring to the comprehensive health centers in Rasht, Iran. The samples were selected using a cluster sampling technique. A 6-part questionnaire was used for collecting data assessing the BASNEF model constructs of behaviors, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors, as well as the demographic information of study participants. Chisquared test, Fisher's Exact test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis (backward method) were used for data analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of breastfeeding was 56.3%, and 61.5% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding. In terms of breastfeeding knowledge, 25.6%, 50%, and 24.4% were at good, moderate, and poor levels, respectively. Regarding attitude towards breastfeeding, 61.9% and 38.1% had undesirable and desirable attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, 50.7% of the infants had favorable breastfeeding and 49.3% had unfavorable breastfeeding. The rate of favorable breastfeeding was significant in terms of infant age (P=0.03) and the pregnancy care location (P<0.05). Regression model suggested that infant's age (OR=1.582, 95%CI= 1.133-2.207, P=0.007), family income (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.489-0.865, P=0.003), and breastfeeding knowledge (OR=1.3, 95%CI= 1.101-1.428, P=0.001) contributed to breastfeeding status. Conclusion: Raising the mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding by considering the role of husbands, health workers, and grandmothers could help in choosing breast milk for feeding infants aged under 2 years old.
Background and Objectives: A positive childbirth experience is associated with sense of control, ... more Background and Objectives: A positive childbirth experience is associated with sense of control, power, and satisfaction in mother, which affects mother's sexual activity with her newborn, her sexual activity and her planning for future pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the childbirth experience and its related socio-demographic factors. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 165 mothers who were hospitalized in postpartum ward of AL Zahra hospital in Rasht city (2017), were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools were socio-demographic and childbirth experience (CEQ) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson`s correlation coefficient, independent tone ne-way ANOVA, and logistic regression tests. Results: Total mean score of mothers` childbirth experience was 58.13 10.72 (score range, 22-88). The mean standard score (1-4) in professional support domain (3.15±0.7) was higher than other domains, and the mean standardized scores of the mother participation domain (2.0 21.84) was lower than the other domains. Moreover, mode of delivery (p=0.005) and gestational age (p=0.004), were the most important factors that had significant correlation with mother's childbirth experience. Conclusion: According to the results, the effective communication of health care providers, mother`s active participation during delivery, high gestational age, and normal vaginal delivery are the most important factors associated with positive childbirth experience. Therefore, avoiding unnecessary interventions, such as termination of pregnancy at a low gestational age without the maternal and fetal indications and higher maternal participation in the process of delivery seem necessary.
Introduction: Aesthetics is a value for the current Iranian society, leading to a competition to ... more Introduction: Aesthetics is a value for the current Iranian society, leading to a competition to become more beautiful. According to global studies, Iran has the highest rate of cosmetic surgery in the world. Aim: The present study aims to investigate and determine the factors related to the tendency to have rhinoplasty in candidates visiting educational and medical centers in Rasht. Materials and Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study in which 230 samples for rhinoplasty were selected based on the gradual visits to be accepted as candidates. Data collection tools include demographic and researcher-made questionnaires to assess the factors related to rhinoplasty. After determining the factors related to the rhinoplasty, Cronbach's alpha and gamma coefficients were used to determine the internal stability of the factors and questions. ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used for the factors’ reliability. SPSS-23 was ...
Introduction: Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report... more Introduction: Obesity is currently one of the health problems in the world, and the recent report of the World Health Organization has highlighted Health Literacy (HL) as one of the most important determinants of health. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the HL level and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS). Materials and Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of the correlational type conducted on 583 students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences who were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The study data were collected using a demographic form and the HL for Iranian Adults (HLIA) questionnaire. Then the collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of Friedman, ANOVA, and the Independent t-test. Results: The Mean±SD BMI of the students was 22.66±3.01 kg/m2. The HL in the areas of access, reading, understanding, appraisal and decision making, and using informatio...
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