Various fungal elicitors derived from 12 fungi were tested to improve indole alkaloid production ... more Various fungal elicitors derived from 12 fungi were tested to improve indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Results show that different fungal mycelium homogenates stimulate different kinds of indole alkaloid (ajmalicine, serpentine and catharanthine) accumulation, which ranged from 2-to 5-fold higher than the control. Some fungal culture filtrates also efficiently elicited the biosynthesis of different indole alkaloids. The optimal elicitor addition and exposure time for the maximal alkaloid production were on day 7 after subculture and for 3 days of treatment but different fungal elicitors showed the different optimal treatment dosages. Additions of elicitor at the doses ranging from 5 mg/l to 30 mg/l of carbon hydrate equivalent resulted in varieous amounts and kinds of indole alkaloid accumulation. Exposed to a same fungal elicitor, several different cell lines generated the different responses regarding as growth rate, culture color and alkaloid production.
ABSTRACT The energy compensated atom probe has been employed for the investigation of the silver/... more ABSTRACT The energy compensated atom probe has been employed for the investigation of the silver/gallium arsenide contact. The results show that the Ag/GaAs interface has a width of only one atomic layer. No segregation of either As or Ga and no intermixing between Ag and Ga or As occurs at the interface. This provides direct evidence that the Ag/GaAs is a weakly reacted system. In the analysis Ag ions appear overwhelmingly as Ag+, some as AgH+2. The results also show that atom probe analysis can be done at the weakly bounded interface between Ag and GaAs using electrical pulsing.
Through investigating history, evolution of the concept, and development in the theories of elect... more Through investigating history, evolution of the concept, and development in the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our understanding of the electron is a structure, into which all attributes of the electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn Helix (a so-called Hubius Helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a mass-less particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine structure constant, anomalous magnetic moment, and charge quantization into one concrete description of the Hubius Helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly. Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacy of the formulation is discussed.
Through investigating the history and evolution of the concept and the development of the theorie... more Through investigating the history and evolution of the concept and the development of the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our understanding of the electron is a structure into which all attributes of the electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn helix (a so-called Hubius helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a massless particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine-structure constant α, anomalous magnetic moment (α/π)/2, and charge quantization, into one concrete description of the Hubius helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly. Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacies of the formulation are discussed.
Various fungal elicitors derived from 12 fungi were tested to improve indole alkaloid production ... more Various fungal elicitors derived from 12 fungi were tested to improve indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Results show that different fungal mycelium homogenates stimulate different kinds of indole alkaloid (ajmalicine, serpentine and catharanthine) accumulation, which ranged from 2-to 5-fold higher than the control. Some fungal culture filtrates also efficiently elicited the biosynthesis of different indole alkaloids. The optimal elicitor addition and exposure time for the maximal alkaloid production were on day 7 after subculture and for 3 days of treatment but different fungal elicitors showed the different optimal treatment dosages. Additions of elicitor at the doses ranging from 5 mg/l to 30 mg/l of carbon hydrate equivalent resulted in varieous amounts and kinds of indole alkaloid accumulation. Exposed to a same fungal elicitor, several different cell lines generated the different responses regarding as growth rate, culture color and alkaloid production.
ABSTRACT The energy compensated atom probe has been employed for the investigation of the silver/... more ABSTRACT The energy compensated atom probe has been employed for the investigation of the silver/gallium arsenide contact. The results show that the Ag/GaAs interface has a width of only one atomic layer. No segregation of either As or Ga and no intermixing between Ag and Ga or As occurs at the interface. This provides direct evidence that the Ag/GaAs is a weakly reacted system. In the analysis Ag ions appear overwhelmingly as Ag+, some as AgH+2. The results also show that atom probe analysis can be done at the weakly bounded interface between Ag and GaAs using electrical pulsing.
Through investigating history, evolution of the concept, and development in the theories of elect... more Through investigating history, evolution of the concept, and development in the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our understanding of the electron is a structure, into which all attributes of the electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn Helix (a so-called Hubius Helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a mass-less particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine structure constant, anomalous magnetic moment, and charge quantization into one concrete description of the Hubius Helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly. Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacy of the formulation is discussed.
Through investigating the history and evolution of the concept and the development of the theorie... more Through investigating the history and evolution of the concept and the development of the theories of electrons, I am convinced that what was missing in our understanding of the electron is a structure into which all attributes of the electron could be incorporated in a self-consistent way. It is hereby postulated that the topological structure of the electron is a closed two-turn helix (a so-called Hubius helix) that is generated by circulatory motion of a massless particle at the speed of light. A formulation is presented to describe an isolated electron at rest and at high speed. It is shown that the formulation is capable of incorporating most (if not all) attributes of the electron, including spin, magnetic moment, fine-structure constant α, anomalous magnetic moment (α/π)/2, and charge quantization, into one concrete description of the Hubius helix. The equations for the description emerge accordingly. Implications elicited by the postulate are elaborated. Inadequacies of the formulation are discussed.
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