
Seçkin Hardal
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Papers by Seçkin Hardal
With the rapid increase of the population and mechanization in agriculture in Turkey, unplanned migrations from rural to urban areas have started to occur since the 1950s. These migrations that took place towards big cities such as Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir in the early years have taken place towards other big cities such as Adana, Mersin, Antalya over time. One of the cities that receives intensive migration in this process is Mersin. The Çay Neighborhood connected to the Mediterranean district of Mersin province, which constitutes the study area, was also established at the end of the migration process to Mersin, and many problems have arisen in the neighborhood both physically and socially. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals who migrate to cities adapt to the city and the difficulties they face during the migration process. In the research process, semi-structured interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, was applied. Interviews were conducted with 50 people who came to the Çay neigborhood with migration. The interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and content analysis method. As a result of the interviews, it was determined that the interviewers could not make enough use of the city facilities, could not adapt to the city and were willing to return if they had the opportunities. It has been determined that education level and economic conditions are important factors in terms of adaptation to the city. It has been seen that individuals with low education level and economically lower income cannot make enough use of urban opportunities. While interviewers feel a high degree of belonging to the neighborhood they live in, they do not feel a sense of belonging to the whole city and urban life.
The camel play, which is one of the village theatrical plays, is widely known in the Anatolian and Balkan geography and is still performed in various places. The camel play, with the motifs exhibited in the play and the elements it contains, has managed to reach the present day, but it has come to an end in parallel with the socio-cultural and technological change in recent years. The camel play has been added to the list of intangible cultural heritage from various provinces of Anatolia. In this direction, it is extremely important that the camel play, which is on the verge of disappearing, is researched and recorded through field studies and observations and that it can be transferred to future generations. In this study, it is aimed to examine the camel game played in the Balya district of Balikesir and rural neighborhoods of it in the context of cultural geography. For this purpose, field research was conducted in rural neighborhoods and villages of Balya, the status of whether the camel play was played or not was determined, and interviews were conducted by reaching people who have information about the play in places where the play is known and continues to be played. Researches, interviews and observations in the field were carried out in July and August 2021, and during the interview, open-ended questions were asked to the resource people on the topics such as the history of the play, the place, the way and the time of the play, within the framework of semi-structured interview forms. According to the findings, the camel play is still known in Balya district center and 24 neighborhoods of Balya, and it continues to be played actively in 14 neighborhoods. It has been observed that the abandonment of the camel play, which has come to an end in recent years, has accelerated with the effect of the epidemic. On the other hand, there are efforts to revive the camel play in some rural neighborhoods and to play it with intense participation as in the old days. In this sense, the efforts to continue the camel play as a cultural heritage despite all the negativities and to transfer it to the next generations are extremely valuable and important.
Cities have gained an identity according to their geographical, historical, cultural and functional characteristics since the time they were founded. The Industrial Revolution and globalization have had negative effects on urban identities, and cities have begun to lose their descriptive identity. However, cities with a deep-rooted history and growing slowly outside of the globalization network continued to preserve their identity characteristics. Niksar, which constitutes the field of study, also has a long history and natural geographical features. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the elements that make up the urban identity of Niksar, which has an important historical texture, and how Niksar is perceived by the people living in Niksar. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 102 people in Niksar city center, and also the logos of official institutions and organizations in Niksar were examined. The obtained data were analyzed and the questionnaires were transferred to the computer environment with the SPSS program, and the results were interpreted by performing frequency analysis. As a result of the field studies, it is seen that the main place that symbolizes Niksar, which is described as "culture city", is Niksar Castle. This situation is also emphasized in the logos of official institutions. Natural environmental characteristics of Niksar, which also has the feature of "agricultural city", are among the factors that determine its identity. In this context, conserving the identity of cities is extremely important for the residents to feel belonging and to be satisfied with the place they live in. In the city planning studies to be carried out, the textures that constitute the urban identity should be preserved, and the elements that constitute the urban identity should be taken into consideration when planning new roads and residential areas. Otherwise, it is inevitable that ordinary spaces far from their identity will emerge.
immensely migrant settlements with the Industrial Revolution and the city has begun togain its function in today's sense. Firstly, the experience of urbanization in Europe, where the Industrial Revolution began, continued in other industrialized regions problems such as housing problems, inadequate infrastructure, and distorted urbanization have occurred in the uncontrolled cities with rapid migration. The solutions for these problems have been tried to be sortud out by urban planning. After
World War II, urban renewal works were carried out in order to remove the demolition and wreckage occurring in the cities. Political and economic developments in the world have increased the importance of cities and cities have started to gain economic value. With the neoliberal economic policies implemented since the 1970s, the dimensions of
the intervention in the city have changed and the economic values of the city and the urban transformation projects have gained importance.
Turkey has followed the processes of urbanization experienced in the world but there has been much faster urbanization process in Turkey. Istanbul is one of the cities that experience the fastest and unplanned urbanization process. Large cities with neoliberal economic policies being implemented in Turkey since 1980, has become a global
centers. In this process, urban transformation studies have started in order to transform the slum areas which are in the center of the city and which have increased value. Although the urban transformation processes were taken at different dates, the transformation of the urban transformation into the agenda was initiated after 2002. In 2005, special projects were initiated in Istanbul, but comprehensive projects were
carried out after 2012. Urban transformation is a multifaceted process that affects every part of society. With the urban transformation, not only housing is transformed physically but also changes in social and spatial terms. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the social and spatial changes occurring with urban transformation in five different neighborhoods where urban transformation projects are completed in Istanbul. In this direction, surveys were conducted with 10% of the houses completed in Sarıgöl, Yıldıztabya, Airport, Turgutreis and Sümer Districts located in Gaziosmanpaşa, Esenler and Zeytinburnu districts located on the European side of Istanbul and these surveys were supported with observations and interviews. The results of the survey were evaluated with SPSS program and the results were interpreted.
Urban regeneration projects in these neighborhoods which have the feature of slums have gained momentum with the entry into force of Law No. 6306 and the projects have started to be completed. In the areas of transformation where social and economic conditions are low, urban transformation has changed both physically and socially. With the transformation, the population profile has started to change in the neighborhoods, cultural transformation has taken place and neighborhoods have gained a different appearance with high houses and closed sites. The transformation process that has taken place has deeply affected the residents of the neighborhood. Residents of the neighborhood are pleased with the urban regeneration, renewal of their houses, earthquake resistance, and resolution of property problems. However, it is seen that the problems such as not giving the promises, not ending the projects on time and debts have left the right holders in a difficult situation. In addition, in urban transformation practices in which socio-cultural terms have been transformed, the old neighborhood residents have difficulty in adapting to new spaces that are transformed in the material and spiritual sense.
With the rapid increase of the population and mechanization in agriculture in Turkey, unplanned migrations from rural to urban areas have started to occur since the 1950s. These migrations that took place towards big cities such as Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir in the early years have taken place towards other big cities such as Adana, Mersin, Antalya over time. One of the cities that receives intensive migration in this process is Mersin. The Çay Neighborhood connected to the Mediterranean district of Mersin province, which constitutes the study area, was also established at the end of the migration process to Mersin, and many problems have arisen in the neighborhood both physically and socially. The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals who migrate to cities adapt to the city and the difficulties they face during the migration process. In the research process, semi-structured interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, was applied. Interviews were conducted with 50 people who came to the Çay neigborhood with migration. The interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and content analysis method. As a result of the interviews, it was determined that the interviewers could not make enough use of the city facilities, could not adapt to the city and were willing to return if they had the opportunities. It has been determined that education level and economic conditions are important factors in terms of adaptation to the city. It has been seen that individuals with low education level and economically lower income cannot make enough use of urban opportunities. While interviewers feel a high degree of belonging to the neighborhood they live in, they do not feel a sense of belonging to the whole city and urban life.
The camel play, which is one of the village theatrical plays, is widely known in the Anatolian and Balkan geography and is still performed in various places. The camel play, with the motifs exhibited in the play and the elements it contains, has managed to reach the present day, but it has come to an end in parallel with the socio-cultural and technological change in recent years. The camel play has been added to the list of intangible cultural heritage from various provinces of Anatolia. In this direction, it is extremely important that the camel play, which is on the verge of disappearing, is researched and recorded through field studies and observations and that it can be transferred to future generations. In this study, it is aimed to examine the camel game played in the Balya district of Balikesir and rural neighborhoods of it in the context of cultural geography. For this purpose, field research was conducted in rural neighborhoods and villages of Balya, the status of whether the camel play was played or not was determined, and interviews were conducted by reaching people who have information about the play in places where the play is known and continues to be played. Researches, interviews and observations in the field were carried out in July and August 2021, and during the interview, open-ended questions were asked to the resource people on the topics such as the history of the play, the place, the way and the time of the play, within the framework of semi-structured interview forms. According to the findings, the camel play is still known in Balya district center and 24 neighborhoods of Balya, and it continues to be played actively in 14 neighborhoods. It has been observed that the abandonment of the camel play, which has come to an end in recent years, has accelerated with the effect of the epidemic. On the other hand, there are efforts to revive the camel play in some rural neighborhoods and to play it with intense participation as in the old days. In this sense, the efforts to continue the camel play as a cultural heritage despite all the negativities and to transfer it to the next generations are extremely valuable and important.
Cities have gained an identity according to their geographical, historical, cultural and functional characteristics since the time they were founded. The Industrial Revolution and globalization have had negative effects on urban identities, and cities have begun to lose their descriptive identity. However, cities with a deep-rooted history and growing slowly outside of the globalization network continued to preserve their identity characteristics. Niksar, which constitutes the field of study, also has a long history and natural geographical features. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the elements that make up the urban identity of Niksar, which has an important historical texture, and how Niksar is perceived by the people living in Niksar. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 102 people in Niksar city center, and also the logos of official institutions and organizations in Niksar were examined. The obtained data were analyzed and the questionnaires were transferred to the computer environment with the SPSS program, and the results were interpreted by performing frequency analysis. As a result of the field studies, it is seen that the main place that symbolizes Niksar, which is described as "culture city", is Niksar Castle. This situation is also emphasized in the logos of official institutions. Natural environmental characteristics of Niksar, which also has the feature of "agricultural city", are among the factors that determine its identity. In this context, conserving the identity of cities is extremely important for the residents to feel belonging and to be satisfied with the place they live in. In the city planning studies to be carried out, the textures that constitute the urban identity should be preserved, and the elements that constitute the urban identity should be taken into consideration when planning new roads and residential areas. Otherwise, it is inevitable that ordinary spaces far from their identity will emerge.
immensely migrant settlements with the Industrial Revolution and the city has begun togain its function in today's sense. Firstly, the experience of urbanization in Europe, where the Industrial Revolution began, continued in other industrialized regions problems such as housing problems, inadequate infrastructure, and distorted urbanization have occurred in the uncontrolled cities with rapid migration. The solutions for these problems have been tried to be sortud out by urban planning. After
World War II, urban renewal works were carried out in order to remove the demolition and wreckage occurring in the cities. Political and economic developments in the world have increased the importance of cities and cities have started to gain economic value. With the neoliberal economic policies implemented since the 1970s, the dimensions of
the intervention in the city have changed and the economic values of the city and the urban transformation projects have gained importance.
Turkey has followed the processes of urbanization experienced in the world but there has been much faster urbanization process in Turkey. Istanbul is one of the cities that experience the fastest and unplanned urbanization process. Large cities with neoliberal economic policies being implemented in Turkey since 1980, has become a global
centers. In this process, urban transformation studies have started in order to transform the slum areas which are in the center of the city and which have increased value. Although the urban transformation processes were taken at different dates, the transformation of the urban transformation into the agenda was initiated after 2002. In 2005, special projects were initiated in Istanbul, but comprehensive projects were
carried out after 2012. Urban transformation is a multifaceted process that affects every part of society. With the urban transformation, not only housing is transformed physically but also changes in social and spatial terms. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the social and spatial changes occurring with urban transformation in five different neighborhoods where urban transformation projects are completed in Istanbul. In this direction, surveys were conducted with 10% of the houses completed in Sarıgöl, Yıldıztabya, Airport, Turgutreis and Sümer Districts located in Gaziosmanpaşa, Esenler and Zeytinburnu districts located on the European side of Istanbul and these surveys were supported with observations and interviews. The results of the survey were evaluated with SPSS program and the results were interpreted.
Urban regeneration projects in these neighborhoods which have the feature of slums have gained momentum with the entry into force of Law No. 6306 and the projects have started to be completed. In the areas of transformation where social and economic conditions are low, urban transformation has changed both physically and socially. With the transformation, the population profile has started to change in the neighborhoods, cultural transformation has taken place and neighborhoods have gained a different appearance with high houses and closed sites. The transformation process that has taken place has deeply affected the residents of the neighborhood. Residents of the neighborhood are pleased with the urban regeneration, renewal of their houses, earthquake resistance, and resolution of property problems. However, it is seen that the problems such as not giving the promises, not ending the projects on time and debts have left the right holders in a difficult situation. In addition, in urban transformation practices in which socio-cultural terms have been transformed, the old neighborhood residents have difficulty in adapting to new spaces that are transformed in the material and spiritual sense.