Published Papers by Jeff Stanley
CENTRIC 2021, The Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, 2021
This paper summarizes six presentations, including
two paper submissions, in the special track “D... more This paper summarizes six presentations, including
two paper submissions, in the special track “Design and
Synthesis of Personalities”. This special track has shed light on
different ways MITRE has incorporated elements of
personality into human-machine interaction research, and it
has showcased perspectives from other organizations as well.
The paper explores major open questions for personality
synthesis – such as how to decide on the “right” personality,
how to express that personality, and what guidance is needed
for personality development – as approached by these six
presenters.
CENTRIC 2021, The Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, 2021
For improved acceptance of robots in social spaces, it is important to have a strong mental model... more For improved acceptance of robots in social spaces, it is important to have a strong mental model of what the robot can do, what the robot is currently doing, or what the robot is about to do. How do social cues help people understand what is going on 'under the hood’? Imagine this: a machine perks up if someone enters the room. This lets you know it is socially aware, awake, and ready to interact. Drawing from a pre-existing taxonomy of social cues for conversational agents, we reviewed 40 papers with instances of robot or software agent personality traits influencing observability. This survey led us to elaborate on six particular cues, clarify their relationship to observability and provide examples, with the intent to advance discussion and encourage research on the relationship between social cues and observability.
CENTRIC 2021, The Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, 2021
Conversational user interfaces (CUIs) such as chatbots and voice assistants are increasingly used... more Conversational user interfaces (CUIs) such as chatbots and voice assistants are increasingly used to deliver services not just in industry but in government. Therefore, it is increasingly important for CUIs to provide good experiences for constituents with diverse backgrounds and abilities. Existing research on CUI personality focuses on engaging typical target users. Synthesizing existing literature on CUI personalities with principles for inclusive design, we discuss how to design CUI personalities that provide good experiences for diverse users. Key considerations are to consider the user’s unique situation, their expectations and preferences toward technology, and their purpose in using the technology. Our intent is to identify challenges for future research and to move towards a set of guidelines for inclusive CUI design.
Web Accessibility Initiative, 2021
This position paper is a contribution to the symposium "Shape the Future: Research and Developmen... more This position paper is a contribution to the symposium "Shape the Future: Research and Development Questions in Digital Accessibility". The content of this paper was not developed by the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative and does not necessarily represent the consensus view of its membership.
Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, Oct 2021
Chatbots are an increasingly popular way to deliver and support online services. These services m... more Chatbots are an increasingly popular way to deliver and support online services. These services must be accessible for people with disabilities; however, it is not yet clear how to extend existing guidance on web content ac-cessibility to chatbots. Researchers and developers from different sectors are producing recommendations by a variety of methods. This paper surveys exist-ing chatbot accessibility guidance. We found seventeen different sources yield-ing 157 unique recommendations for creating an accessible chatbot experience which we organized into five categories: content, user interface, integration with other web content, developer process and training, and testing. We identify and discuss trends, themes, and opportunities to refine these recommendations. We believe there is a need to further refine and expand the recommendations presented in this paper to facilitate the creation of accessible chatbots. Through our analysis we intend to guide future research, inform the development of ma-terials for designing, developing, and evaluating chatbots; and promote a shared understanding of how chatbots can deliver a successful experience for all users.
International Journal of Humanized Computing and Communication, 2021
Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired... more Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine behavior based on what has been experimented with and documented in the literature to date. We argue that self presentation theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction, provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge in this domain and guide future research and development. We leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy (Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined human-machine interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies from the taxonomy. We analyzed frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes. Drawing from models of human trust we discuss how to apply the taxonomy to affect perceived machine trustworthiness.
2020 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication with Artificial Intelligence (HCCAI), 2020
Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with
humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired... more Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with
humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses
such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization
and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated
effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine
behavior based on what has been experimented with and
documented in the literature to date. We argue that selfpresentation
theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction,
provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge
in this domain and guide future research and development. We
leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy
(Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal
behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of
human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In
our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined humanmachine
interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies
from the taxonomy. Of those studies utilizing self-presentation
behaviors for machines, the majority have employed a strategy of
Ingratiation, while relatively few have employed strategies of
Supplication, Self-promotion, Exemplification, and Intimidation.
The primary contribution of this research is our analysis of the
frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns
and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s
human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation
taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and
behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to
humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes.
International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications, 2019
In this paper, we survey several ongoing research threads that can be applied to web accessibilit... more In this paper, we survey several ongoing research threads that can be applied to web accessibility solutions. We focus on the challenges with automatically evaluating the accessibility violations in websites that are built primarily with JavaScript. There are several research efforts that – in aggregate – provide insight into how users interact with websites; how to automate and simulate user interactions; how to record the results of user interactions; and how to analyze, evaluate, and map resulting website content to determine the relative accessibility. We close with a discussion on the convergence of these threads and the future of automated, web-based accessibility evaluation, and assurance.
Writing Systems Research, 2012
Conference Presentations by Jeff Stanley
CENTRIC 2021, The Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services, 2021
Expert panel organized at IARIA CENTRIC (Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human... more Expert panel organized at IARIA CENTRIC (Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Human-oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services) 2021, showcasing MITRE and other work on this topic.
Agenda:
Chair
• Jeff Stanley, Lead Human-Centered Engineer, MITRE, USA
Panellists
• Charles Rinker, PRSONAS, USA
• Jennifer Strickland, MITRE, USA
• Natalie Friedman, Cornell Tech, USA
• Corey Miller, MITRE / Georgetown University, USA
• Sara Beth Elson, MITRE, USA
• Kelly Horinek, MITRE, USA
W3C WAI Shape the Future: Research and Development Questions in Digital Accessibility Online Research Symposium, 2021
Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology, 2021
2020 IEEE International Conference on Humanized Computing and Communication with Artificial Intelligence (HCCAI), 2020
Society for American Archaeology, 2018
Various triage methods have been developed since its original inception during the Crimean wars. ... more Various triage methods have been developed since its original inception during the Crimean wars. Within the United States civilian sector, the Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START) triage system, developed by the Hoag Hospital and Newport Beach (CA) Fire Department, is most widely used and considered the field-standard for triage among Disaster Medical Assistance Teams and local emergency services agencies today.
Term Papers by Jeff Stanley
A paper I submitted for a class in 2008 while working on my M.S. It's speculative and niche and ... more A paper I submitted for a class in 2008 while working on my M.S. It's speculative and niche and needs work, but I consider it a good survey and clever. Since my interests have taken me elsewhere it's unlikely to be published in any form.
A paper I submitted for a class in 2006 while working on my M.S. I have not touched it since. It ... more A paper I submitted for a class in 2006 while working on my M.S. I have not touched it since. It needs work, and since my interests have taken me elsewhere, it's unlikely to be published any time soon.
Theses by Jeff Stanley
The purpose of this study has been to present a new method of investigating an undeciphered writi... more The purpose of this study has been to present a new method of investigating an undeciphered writing system using a computer, by analyzing the written images as images instead of relying on a transcription scheme to map written characters to numbers. The computer can extract and organize hundreds of written images more quickly and reliably than a human can, while proper human supervision can turn this data into insights about the writing system, avoiding the problems potentially introduced by the intermediate layer of a transcription scheme. The study implements several applications that demonstrate this principle, using the Codex Seraphinianus as a corpus, including a type classifier and a search engine. The implementations are able to identify recurring sequences of tokens in the corpus and to propose a classification of tokens into types, two main sub-problems in decipherment. Specifically, the header tokens in the first three chapters are classified into 53 types. Examining the results yields findings that support Serafini’s recent statements that the writing is artistic, not linguistic. The automatic nature of the writing is briefly examined in light of the findings, and future directions are encouraged.
This undergraduate honors thesis explores several fictional languages on multiple linguistic leve... more This undergraduate honors thesis explores several fictional languages on multiple linguistic levels including phonology, grammar, and lexicon in an attempt to uncover mechanisms underlying the creation and perception of languages. It focuses on languages intended to be unpleasant to the observer.
Books by Jeff Stanley
Advanced Virtual Assistants - A Window to the Virtual Future, 2023
Self-presentation is a sociological line of research relating concrete human behaviors, perceived... more Self-presentation is a sociological line of research relating concrete human behaviors, perceived personality traits, and social interaction goals. According to self-presentation, people engineer their own attributes such as behavior, clothing, and speech to try to affect how they are perceived and to accomplish social goals. Recent studies demonstrate that principles from self-presentation apply not only to how humans interact with other humans but also to how humans interact with machines. Therefore, the rich body of self-presentation research can inform virtual assistant personality and behavior. That is, if a virtual assistant is trying to accomplish x, it can express personality trait y by doing z. In this chapter, I introduce self-presentation and discuss how it provides a data-driven approach to designing and assuring virtual assistant personality.
Uploads
Published Papers by Jeff Stanley
two paper submissions, in the special track “Design and
Synthesis of Personalities”. This special track has shed light on
different ways MITRE has incorporated elements of
personality into human-machine interaction research, and it
has showcased perspectives from other organizations as well.
The paper explores major open questions for personality
synthesis – such as how to decide on the “right” personality,
how to express that personality, and what guidance is needed
for personality development – as approached by these six
presenters.
humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses
such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization
and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated
effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine
behavior based on what has been experimented with and
documented in the literature to date. We argue that selfpresentation
theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction,
provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge
in this domain and guide future research and development. We
leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy
(Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal
behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of
human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In
our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined humanmachine
interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies
from the taxonomy. Of those studies utilizing self-presentation
behaviors for machines, the majority have employed a strategy of
Ingratiation, while relatively few have employed strategies of
Supplication, Self-promotion, Exemplification, and Intimidation.
The primary contribution of this research is our analysis of the
frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns
and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s
human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation
taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and
behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to
humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes.
Conference Presentations by Jeff Stanley
Agenda:
Chair
• Jeff Stanley, Lead Human-Centered Engineer, MITRE, USA
Panellists
• Charles Rinker, PRSONAS, USA
• Jennifer Strickland, MITRE, USA
• Natalie Friedman, Cornell Tech, USA
• Corey Miller, MITRE / Georgetown University, USA
• Sara Beth Elson, MITRE, USA
• Kelly Horinek, MITRE, USA
Term Papers by Jeff Stanley
Theses by Jeff Stanley
Books by Jeff Stanley
two paper submissions, in the special track “Design and
Synthesis of Personalities”. This special track has shed light on
different ways MITRE has incorporated elements of
personality into human-machine interaction research, and it
has showcased perspectives from other organizations as well.
The paper explores major open questions for personality
synthesis – such as how to decide on the “right” personality,
how to express that personality, and what guidance is needed
for personality development – as approached by these six
presenters.
humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses
such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization
and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated
effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine
behavior based on what has been experimented with and
documented in the literature to date. We argue that selfpresentation
theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction,
provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge
in this domain and guide future research and development. We
leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy
(Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal
behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of
human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In
our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined humanmachine
interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies
from the taxonomy. Of those studies utilizing self-presentation
behaviors for machines, the majority have employed a strategy of
Ingratiation, while relatively few have employed strategies of
Supplication, Self-promotion, Exemplification, and Intimidation.
The primary contribution of this research is our analysis of the
frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns
and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s
human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation
taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and
behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to
humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes.
Agenda:
Chair
• Jeff Stanley, Lead Human-Centered Engineer, MITRE, USA
Panellists
• Charles Rinker, PRSONAS, USA
• Jennifer Strickland, MITRE, USA
• Natalie Friedman, Cornell Tech, USA
• Corey Miller, MITRE / Georgetown University, USA
• Sara Beth Elson, MITRE, USA
• Kelly Horinek, MITRE, USA