School of Humanities: Archaeology

is a project initiated and implemented through collaboration between Biladi Association and the Syrian Eyes team. The project aims to create memories of the homeland for children who could not enjoy their childhood in Syria. It also will facilitate their return to Syria by familiarizing them with Syria's environment, heritage, and history.

The project involves singing, story-telling, and educational games about Syria. The games relate to Syria's physical and spoken heritage, and they aim to fill the children's thoughts with pleasant images of Syria and distract them, even just for a few hours, from scenes of war that dominate their thoughts.

After receiving training about Syrian heritage and educational methods for children, Syrian Eyes activists visit schools, spending 4 days at each school. So far the project has reached 2,000 children between the ages of 4 and 14 in the following areas in Lebanon: Jounieh, Saida, Nabatiyeh, Marjayoun, and Khiam.

Science in Scottish Archaeology iv these questions data of sufficient richness is required that is accessible, both within Scotland and internationally. The RCAHMS' database Canmore provides a model for digital dissemination that should be built on.  Integration: Archaeological science should be involved early in the process of archaeological investigation and as a matter of routine. Resultant data needs to be securely stored, made accessible and the research results widely disseminated. Sources of advice and its communication must be developed and promoted to support work in the commercial, academic, research, governmental and 3 rd sectors.  Knowledge exchange and transfer: knowledge, data and skills need to be routinely transferred and embedded across the archaeological sector. This will enable the archaeological science community to better work together, establishing routes of communication and improving infrastructure. Improvements should be made to communication between different groups including peers, press and the wider public. Mechanisms exist to enable the wider community to engage with, and to feed into, the development of the archaeological and scientific database and to engage with current debates. Projects involving the wider community in data generation should be encouraged and opportunities for public engagement should be pursued through, for example, National Science Week and Scottish Archaeology Month.  Networks and forums: A network of specialists should be promoted to aid collaboration, provide access to the best advice, and raise awareness of current work. This would be complemented by creating a series inter-disciplinary working groups, to discuss and articulate archaeological science issues. An online service to match people (i.e. specialist or student) to material (whether e.g. environmental sample, artefactual assemblage, or skeletal assemblage) is also recommended. An annual meeting should also be held at which researchers would be able to promote current and future work, and draw attention to materials available for analysis, and to specialists/students looking to work on particular assemblages or projects. Such meetings could be rolled into a suitable public outreach event. Science in Scottish Archaeology 1 1. Chronology 1.1 14 C measurements on 15 carbonized residues from 11 different archaeological contexts. The measurements are in agreement with the model assumption that they belong to a single phase of activity. This activity dates the introduction of Shelly Ware in Perth to cal AD 930-1020 (95% probability; start Shellyware: Perth, Scotland) [cal AD 960-1000 (68% probability)]. Shelly Ware fell out of use in Perth in cal AD 1020-1120 (95% probability; end Shellyware: Perth, Scotland) [cal AD 1030-1070 (68% probability)]. (N.B. These results vary very slightly from those analysed using OxCal 3.10 and reported in Hall et al. (2007)). 1.3 Cosmogenic nuclide and Ar/Ar dating techniques and facilities in Scotland 1

Scandinavian runic inscriptions constitute unique and reliable historical sources. Each Scandinavian runic stone tells a story. When someone encounters a runestone, they don’t just observe it. The runic inscription on the stone makes them feel part of the life experience of the deceased. The Berezan Scandinavian runic stone from the Viking age
is evidence of the Viking trade and a micro-narrative about the Viking age landscape. The text on the stone is understood as common topos for the development of cultural experience. It highlights the human lives, activities, and cultural environment that influenced the existence of the stone.

The main aim of the article is to investigate the text of the Pilgård’s runestone concerning the place name which are connected with Ukrainian landscape, and at the same time, understanding the role of Berezan’ Island in the trade communication is shaped by researching its rune inscription. The main purpose of research is to understand how fellows-in-trade in the Viking Age have perceived places and how they reflected their mental map in the inscriptions of runestones. The content analysis method became the principal idea of the research methodology. The research was carried out in two stages. The first stage involved the grouping of conceptual components into logical categories recorded in the runic inscriptions. The second stage involved examining the text on different contextual levels. The scientific novelty of the article is to investigate the geography information of runestones as the mental maps, which were connected with long-distance trade networks on the Eastern way, combi...

У статті проаналізовано чорнобильську колекцію керамічних виробів пізньосередньовічного та нового часів, виявлених під час археологічних досліджень літописного городища Чорнобиль у 2020 р. з метою введення археологічного матеріалу до наукового обігу, зважаючи на його інформативну перспективність. Стисло подано аналіз знахідок виявлених із заповнень об’єктів. Вдалося виявити 350 фрагментів керамічних виробів та ідентифікувати 105 форм. Серед форм найбільш численною групою є кухонний посуд, що становить 62,8%. Дослідження засвідчило, що чорнобильська колекція представлена також керамічною пластикою, зокрема фрагментами люльки. Основна кількість знахідок відноситься до ХVІІ-ХVІІІ ст.

дасть змогу виявити більше загальних тенденцій та закономірностей у поширенні скляних браслетів на території України в давньоруський час. Ключові слова: давньоруські скляні браслети, літописне городище Чорнобиль, логічні категорії, метод контент-аналізу.

The West Coast of Scotland has a diverse range of early medieval cross-marked stones, featuring a variety of topographical settings, stone types, and chronologically distributed forms of crosses. This paper presents the results of a project, funded by the British Academy’s Researchers-at-Risk Scheme, to investigate early medieval cross-marked stones on the Isle of Barra. An essential aspect of the cross-form analysis in this paper is the result of re-dating previously unrecorded cross types on the Isle of Barra by comparing them with similar crosses documented in volumes of the British Academy’s Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture series and the Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales. By identifying links to the founderof the site through dedications to Saint and datable cross-type materials, I have built up a comprehensive understanding of the significance of this site, which evolved differently between the 7th and 10th century AD. Crucially, this study has facilitated an understanding of the links between cross forms and Saints, suggesting that crosses either coexisted with Saints or were added to sites already made famous by a Saint. KEYWORDS: Early Medieval Cross-Marked Stones; the Isle of Barra, Saint’s Dedication, Datable Cross-Type Materials.

Ik heb de kans gekregen om een Egyptische stèle te onderzoeken uit het Museum voor Kunst en Geschiedenis te Brussel, dit met behulp van de methoden en de bibliografie die tijdens lessen werden aangereikt. De stèle die ik heb gekozen is E.5864 (E.05864 via de online catalogus van het Museum Kunst en Geschiedenis, Carmentis). Deze komt uit de collectie van Amherst. In deze paper probeer ik de datering en herkomst te achterhalen van de stèle.

De Middenrijksforten van Buhen en Uronarti zijn het onderwerp van het onderzoek in deze paper. Na een uitvoerige inleiding over de context en geschiedenis die gepaard gaat met de bouw van deze forten vindt het uiteindelijke literatuuronderzoek plaats. Doordat de forten in Nubië grotendeels onder het water liggen, ten gevolge van de bouw van de Aswandam, is veel kennis verloren gegaan. Egyptologen zoals Emery en Vercoutter hebben getracht om tijdens de UNESCO reddingscampagne zo veel mogelijk grote structuren op te graven in de korte tijd die ze kregen. Hierdoor hebben de archeologen niet alle informatie kunnen verzamelen die er te rapen viel. Het fort van Buhen is uitvoerig bestudeerd geweest door Emery en zijn team. Dit fort wordt beschouwd als een “schoolvoorbeeld” binnen de groep van de Egyptische forten uit het Middenrijk. Dankzij het opgravingsverslag van Emery is er over het fort van Buhen in tegenstelling tot andere forten in Nubië zeer veel geweten. Het onderzoek over het fort van Uronarti daarentegen heeft lange tijd stil gelegen. De enige informatie die de egyptologen toen hadden, was het opgravingsverslag van Dunham uit de jaren 60. Welsby ontdekte in 2002 en 2004 dat de forten van Uronarti en Shalfak boven water lagen. Sinds de start van nieuwe archeologische surveys en opgravingen in 2012 door Brown University en Swansea University komen we steeds meer te weten over dit unieke fort en haar inwoners. In mijn literatuuronderzoek bespreek ik, op basis van de architectuur en administratie van de forten én enkele argumenten van Egyptologen zoals Kemp en Vogel, waarom het militair karakter bij deze twee structuren van primair belang was. Hierna toon ik aan dat de topografie wel degelijk een rol heeft gespeeld bij de bouw van het fort van Buhen en het fort van Uronarti. Bij de bouw van de militaire forten in Nubië kwam de topografie van het landschap op de eerste plaats en de functie van het fort op de tweede plaats. Echter bij de archeologische opgravingen van beide forten is er zeer weinig aandacht besteed aan de invloed van het natuurlijk landschap en haar eigenschappen op de bouw van het fort. Dit is ook een probleem bij andere onderzoeken over de Middenrijksforten in het algemeen. De topografie was een belangrijk onderdeel in de beslissingen die de Egyptische architecten moesten nemen om hun grenzen goed te kunnen verdedigen. Je kan geen functioneel fort bouwen indien je geen kennis hebt van de ondergrond. Vandaar dat ik met deze paper de aanzet wil geven voor verder onderzoek.

Deze paper bevat een vertaling van de tekst E V 124,8- 128,3 van Chassinat. Hiernaast probeer ik de tekst binnen de context van het feest en de tempel van Edfu te plaatsen.

This paper consists of a transliteration and translation of the text E V 124,8-128,3 from Chassinat. I also try to put this text in the context of the festival and the temple of Edfu.

The connecting premise of this PhD thesis is that the explanation of human action, much of which involves conflict in various forms, is distinctive. It must address the singularity of actions (their attachment to specific moments) and their contingency (that different actions could plausibly have been taken instead).  Both stem from the involvement of time in human action, such that its explanation must adopt the form of historiography.

Part One argues that the authority of explanation in the physical sciences does not extend to human action, as it derives not from special epistemological warrant, but from successful physical demonstration in experiment or industrial replication, processes inapplicable to human action; that the distinguishing involvement of human consciousness and the will to act introduces a particular awareness of the passage of time that confers timeliness to actions, while precluding full knowledge of the consequences of actions; that the social nature of human action involves the emergence of diverse groups that generate complex divisions between ‘we’ and ‘they’ that form the basis for conflict over the consequences of action; that resolving the conflict of warfare produces collective agreements intended to avoid future conflict; that this conflict can reach considerable levels of brutality and lethality even outside of warfare; and that moral codes that might constrain such conflict have limited effectiveness.

Part Two illustrates the relevance of mental perspectives in reducing the complexities of reality to facilitate action, referring to categories appropriate to the emergence of Scottish Jacobitism in the late seventeenth and early eighteen centuries: dynastic, religious, economic and military.  It also suggests how contingency could be addressed through conjectures about the actions that might have been taken but were not.

Part Three suggests a basis in the role of expectations for the tendency of human perspectives on their context of action to change radically, and for actions to change accordingly as situations are seen ‘in a different light’.

At various points in the study use is made of an analogy drawn between the adversarial advocacies presented at a trial by jury and the general explanation of human action.  This illuminates both the fact that different perspectives on the same evidence can yield contrary explanations and that all explanation of human action necessarily confronts a problem of reflexivity: the perspectives of agents have to be represented through the perspectives of those seeking to explain their actions.