Add uncompressed_size_in_bytes to the preview edition - #10922

…0923)

## Summary

Last of a stack. The first two PRs have merged: #10925
fixed the uncompressed size, and #10922 added
`vortex.uncompressed_size_in_bytes` to the preview edition.

The default file statistics now include each field's uncompressed size
in bytes, in both the nested statistics (`entry_sets`/`partials`) and
the legacy `ArrayStats` statistics. Both are gated by the existing
edition check, so the size is written only when the write's enabled
editions include `vortex.uncompressed_size_in_bytes` (currently the
preview edition) or when editions are disabled. Default writes, which
enable only the core editions, don't store it, and their files are
byte-for-byte the same size as before.

DataFusion doesn't use the stat yet: given it as column and table byte
sizes, its join selection picked worse plans (see Benchmarks below).

## Changes

- `vortex-layout` `file_stats`:
- `default_aggregate_fns` (renamed from `default_pruning_aggregate_fns`,
since it no longer returns only pruning aggregates) adds
`UncompressedSizeInBytes`. Explicit `with_file_statistics` lists are
unchanged.
- The legacy statistics now go through the same `allows_aggregate`
filter as the nested ones, and an explicitly requested aggregate the
context forbids fails the write in either layout. Every other default
aggregate is already in the core editions, so this only changes whether
the uncompressed size is recorded.
- `vortex-datafusion`: column `byte_size` and table `total_byte_size`
stay `Absent` rather than coming from `Stat::UncompressedSizeInBytes`. A
doc comment on `stats_set_to_df` gives the reasons (below), and a test
checks that a stats set holding the size still converts to an absent
`byte_size`.
- `vortex-duckdb`: DuckDB's `max_string_length` comes from this stat,
and it was cast with `as u32`. A column larger than 4 GiB wrapped into a
bound *smaller* than its longest string. Such a size now gives no bound.
- Tests:
- `vortex-layout`: an rstest over allowed/forbidden contexts checks that
both layouts record the size only when allowed;
`forbidden_aggregates_are_gated` now expects forbidden defaults to be
left out of the legacy stats too.
- `vortex-file`: `uncompressed_size_follows_editions` writes a file with
core only, core + preview, and editions disabled, and checks the nested
and legacy footer entries in each case.
- `vortex-datafusion`: `uncompressed_size_is_not_reported_as_byte_size`.

## API Changes

Files written with the preview edition (or with editions disabled) carry
the uncompressed size in both footer layouts. Default writes are
unchanged.

## Benchmarks

An earlier revision passed the stat to DataFusion. `action/bench-all`
showed DataFusion on Vortex 1.25× slower on TPC-DS SF=1 (46 queries
slower) and 1.16× slower on TPC-H SF=1, with Parquet and DuckDB
unchanged, and 30 TPC-DS SQL logic test plans changed join order. This
revision keeps the stat out of DataFusion and restores the plans;
benchmarks are re-running on it.

### Why DataFusion gets no byte size

The sizes are accurate: TPC-H q4's filtered `orders` build side was
estimated at 1.5 MB and produced 1.34 MB, and they are close to what
Parquet reports (2.07 MB against 1.70 MB for the 7 `supplier` columns q2
reads; the difference is the 16-byte `Utf8View` header). The regression
comes from two things in DataFusion 55:

1. **Join selection threshold.** `JoinSelection` picks `CollectLeft`
below `hash_join_single_partition_threshold` (1 MiB) when a byte size is
known, and below `hash_join_single_partition_threshold_rows` (128Ki
rows) otherwise. Without sizes, 57K–150K row build sides passed the row
limit; with sizes, the same 1–7 MB build sides fail the byte limit and
become partitioned joins that repartition the probe side (all 3.79M
`lineitem` rows in q4). With a 4 MiB threshold, TPC-H q2, q4 and q22
plan exactly as on `develop`.
2. **`ProjectionExprs::project_statistics`.** It keeps the input's
`total_byte_size` (marked inexact) for any projection with a
variable-width column, even when every projected column's `byte_size` is
known. A two-column `orders` scan reported 243.8 MB instead of 40.5 MB.
Summing the projected columns' sizes, as `Statistics::with_fetch`
already does, fixes the inflation but not item 1.

I also tried sizing the scan's partitions from the uncompressed size (a
fixed 8 or 32 MiB per partition): join modes don't change, since
`JoinSelection` doesn't look at partition counts, and TPC-DS got slower
(+5.6% and +6.9% sum of medians against not reporting sizes).

## Correctness check on real data

I converted Parquet to Vortex with the preview edition and compared, per
top-level column: the nested footer value as written, the nested value
re-read from the file, the legacy `ArrayStats` value parsed from the raw
footer, and the size recomputed from the input arrays.

| File | Columns | Result |
|---|---|---|
| All 24 TPC-DS SF0.1 tables | 431 | all match |
| ClickBench `hits_0.parquet` (1M rows, ~1.05 GB uncompressed) | 105 |
all match |

As a hand check, `income_band` (20 rows × 3 `int32`) reports 240 bytes.

## Checks

- `cargo clippy -p vortex-layout -p vortex-file -p vortex-datafusion
--all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings`
- `cargo +nightly-2026-09-10 fmt -p vortex-layout -p vortex-file -p
vortex-datafusion`
- `cargo test -p vortex-layout --lib` (729), `cargo test -p vortex-file
--all-features` (190 + doctests), `cargo test -p vortex-datafusion` (784
+ 14)
- `slt::datafusion::tpch/datafusion/{tpch,parquet}.slt` and
`slt::datafusion::tpcds/datafusion/{tpcds,parquet}.slt` on SF0.1 data
pass with the plans from `develop`

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

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---------

Signed-off-by: Joe Isaacs <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>