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@bgw bgw commented Nov 20, 2025

This PR switches turbo-tasks-backend to use bincode instead of serde for cell contents. To keep PR size manageable, TaskInputs are still serialized using serde and a compatibility shim. The next PR fixes that.

See #86631 for benchmark numbers.

@ijjk ijjk added created-by: Turbopack team PRs by the Turbopack team. Turbopack Related to Turbopack with Next.js. labels Nov 20, 2025
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ijjk commented Nov 22, 2025

Tests Passed

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ijjk commented Nov 22, 2025

Stats from current PR

Default Build (Increase detected ⚠️)
General
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
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buildDurationCached 14s 10.9s N/A
nodeModulesSize 458 MB 458 MB
nextStartRea..uration (ms) 715ms 715ms
Client Bundles (main, webpack) Overall increase ⚠️
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
4951-HASH.js gzip 5.37 kB 5.38 kB N/A
68680909-HASH.js gzip 62.3 kB 62.3 kB N/A
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framework-HASH.js gzip 59.7 kB 59.7 kB N/A
main-app-HASH.js gzip 255 B 252 B N/A
main-HASH.js gzip 38.6 kB 38.5 kB N/A
webpack-HASH.js gzip 1.69 kB 1.69 kB N/A
Overall change 52.8 kB 53 kB ⚠️ +203 B
Legacy Client Bundles (polyfills)
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
polyfills-HASH.js gzip 39.4 kB 39.4 kB
Overall change 39.4 kB 39.4 kB
Client Pages
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Client Build Manifests
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
_buildManifest.js gzip 735 B 738 B N/A
Overall change 0 B 0 B
Rendered Page Sizes
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index.html gzip 524 B 523 B N/A
link.html gzip 539 B 539 B
withRouter.html gzip 521 B 520 B N/A
Overall change 539 B 539 B
Edge SSR bundle Size
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
edge-ssr.js gzip 126 kB 126 kB N/A
page.js gzip 236 kB 236 kB N/A
Overall change 0 B 0 B
Middleware size
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middleware-b..fest.js gzip 652 B 654 B N/A
middleware-r..fest.js gzip 156 B 156 B
middleware.js gzip 32.8 kB 32.9 kB N/A
edge-runtime..pack.js gzip 846 B 846 B
Overall change 1 kB 1 kB
Next Runtimes
vercel/next.js canary vercel/next.js bgw/bincode-value-cells Change
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app-page-exp..prod.js gzip 155 kB 155 kB
app-page-tur...dev.js gzip 300 kB 300 kB N/A
app-page-tur..prod.js gzip 155 kB 155 kB
app-page-tur...dev.js gzip 297 kB 297 kB
app-page-tur..prod.js gzip 153 kB 153 kB
app-page.run...dev.js gzip 297 kB 297 kB N/A
app-page.run..prod.js gzip 153 kB 153 kB
app-route-ex...dev.js gzip 68.5 kB 68.5 kB
app-route-ex..prod.js gzip 47.3 kB 47.3 kB
app-route-tu...dev.js gzip 68.5 kB 68.5 kB
app-route-tu..prod.js gzip 47.3 kB 47.3 kB
app-route-tu...dev.js gzip 68.1 kB 68.1 kB
app-route-tu..prod.js gzip 47.1 kB 47.1 kB
app-route.ru...dev.js gzip 68.1 kB 68.1 kB
app-route.ru..prod.js gzip 47.1 kB 47.1 kB
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pages-turbo....dev.js gzip 50.3 kB 50.3 kB
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pages.runtim...dev.js gzip 50.3 kB 50.3 kB
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server.runti..prod.js gzip 59.8 kB 59.8 kB
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build cache
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Overall change 0 B 0 B
Diff details
Diff for page.js

Diff too large to display

Diff for middleware.js

Diff too large to display

Diff for edge-ssr.js

Diff too large to display

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+         */ default: function () {
+          return dynamic;
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+      const _react = /*#__PURE__*/ _interop_require_default._(
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+        // This check is necessary to prevent react-loadable from initializing on the server
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+        // Note that this is only kept for the edge case where someone is passing in a promise as first argument
+        // The react-loadable babel plugin will turn dynamic(import('../hello-world')) into dynamic(() => import('../hello-world'))
+        // To make sure we don't execute the import without rendering first
+        if (dynamicOptions instanceof Promise) {
+          loadableOptions.loader = () => dynamicOptions;
+          // Support for having import as a function, eg: dynamic(() => import('../hello-world'))
+        } else if (typeof dynamicOptions === "function") {
+          loadableOptions.loader = dynamicOptions;
+          // Support for having first argument being options, eg: dynamic({loader: import('../hello-world')})
+        } else if (typeof dynamicOptions === "object") {
+          loadableOptions = {
+            ...loadableOptions,
+            ...dynamicOptions,
+          };
+        }
+        // Support for passing options, eg: dynamic(import('../hello-world'), {loading: () => <p>Loading something</p>})
+        loadableOptions = {
+          ...loadableOptions,
+          ...options,
+        };
+        const loaderFn = loadableOptions.loader;
+        const loader = () =>
+          loaderFn != null
+            ? loaderFn().then(convertModule)
+            : Promise.resolve(convertModule(() => null));
+        // coming from build/babel/plugins/react-loadable-plugin.js
+        if (loadableOptions.loadableGenerated) {
+          loadableOptions = {
+            ...loadableOptions,
+            ...loadableOptions.loadableGenerated,
+          };
+          delete loadableOptions.loadableGenerated;
+        }
+        // support for disabling server side rendering, eg: dynamic(() => import('../hello-world'), {ssr: false}).
+        if (typeof loadableOptions.ssr === "boolean" && !loadableOptions.ssr) {
+          delete loadableOptions.webpack;
+          delete loadableOptions.modules;
+          return noSSR(loadableFn, loadableOptions);
+        }
+        return loadableFn({
+          ...loadableOptions,
+          loader: loader,
+        });
+      }
+      if (
+        (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
+          (typeof exports.default === "object" && exports.default !== null)) &&
+        typeof exports.default.__esModule === "undefined"
+      ) {
+        Object.defineProperty(exports.default, "__esModule", {
+          value: true,
+        });
+        Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
+        module.exports = exports.default;
+      } //# sourceMappingURL=dynamic.js.map
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 8258: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __unused_webpack_exports,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE
       (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
         "/dynamic",
         function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(2907);
+          return __webpack_require__(4773);
         },
       ]);
       if (false) {
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE
     /******/ var __webpack_exec__ = (moduleId) =>
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(4236)
+      __webpack_exec__(8258)
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for head-HASH.js
@@ -1,24 +1,13 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [5350],
   {
-    /***/ 2366: /***/ (
-      __unused_webpack_module,
-      __unused_webpack_exports,
-      __webpack_require__
-    ) => {
-      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
-        "/head",
-        function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(8140);
-        },
-      ]);
-      if (false) {
-      }
+    /***/ 48: /***/ (module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+      module.exports = __webpack_require__(8141);
 
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 8140: /***/ (
+    /***/ 2682: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __webpack_exports__,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -33,7 +22,7 @@
       /* harmony import */ var react_jsx_runtime__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ =
         __webpack_require__(7002);
       /* harmony import */ var next_head__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ =
-        __webpack_require__(9386);
+        __webpack_require__(48);
       /* harmony import */ var next_head__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default =
         /*#__PURE__*/ __webpack_require__.n(
           next_head__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__
@@ -67,12 +56,19 @@
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 9386: /***/ (
-      module,
+    /***/ 2956: /***/ (
+      __unused_webpack_module,
       __unused_webpack_exports,
       __webpack_require__
     ) => {
-      module.exports = __webpack_require__(1649);
+      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
+        "/head",
+        function () {
+          return __webpack_require__(2682);
+        },
+      ]);
+      if (false) {
+      }
 
       /***/
     },
@@ -82,7 +78,7 @@
     /******/ var __webpack_exec__ = (moduleId) =>
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(2366)
+      __webpack_exec__(2956)
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for image-HASH.js
@@ -1,7 +1,24 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [2983],
   {
-    /***/ 497: /***/ (
+    /***/ 8114: /***/ (
+      __unused_webpack_module,
+      __unused_webpack_exports,
+      __webpack_require__
+    ) => {
+      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
+        "/image",
+        function () {
+          return __webpack_require__(9180);
+        },
+      ]);
+      if (false) {
+      }
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 9180: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __webpack_exports__,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -18,8 +35,8 @@
 
       // EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/.pnpm/[email protected]/node_modules/react/jsx-runtime.js
       var jsx_runtime = __webpack_require__(7002);
-      // EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/.pnpm/next@[email protected][email protected][email protected]/node_modules/next/image.js
-      var next_image = __webpack_require__(9565);
+      // EXTERNAL MODULE: ./node_modules/.pnpm/next@[email protected][email protected][email protected]/node_modules/next/image.js
+      var next_image = __webpack_require__(5467);
       var image_default = /*#__PURE__*/ __webpack_require__.n(next_image); // ./pages/nextjs.png
       /* harmony default export */ const nextjs = {
         src: "/_next/static/media/nextjs.cae0b805.png",
@@ -48,30 +65,13 @@
 
       /***/
     },
-
-    /***/ 5748: /***/ (
-      __unused_webpack_module,
-      __unused_webpack_exports,
-      __webpack_require__
-    ) => {
-      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
-        "/image",
-        function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(497);
-        },
-      ]);
-      if (false) {
-      }
-
-      /***/
-    },
   },
   /******/ (__webpack_require__) => {
     // webpackRuntimeModules
     /******/ var __webpack_exec__ = (moduleId) =>
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
-    /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [9565, 636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(5748)
+    /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [5467, 636, 6593, 8792], () =>
+      __webpack_exec__(8114)
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for link-HASH.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [4672],
   {
-    /***/ 1182: /***/ (
+    /***/ 2156: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __unused_webpack_exports,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
       (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
         "/link",
         function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(4610);
+          return __webpack_require__(8272);
         },
       ]);
       if (false) {
@@ -18,7 +18,220 @@
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 1557: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+    /***/ 4581: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+      "use strict";
+
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
+        value: true,
+      });
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "useIntersection", {
+        enumerable: true,
+        get: function () {
+          return useIntersection;
+        },
+      });
+      const _react = __webpack_require__(6466);
+      const _requestidlecallback = __webpack_require__(7441);
+      const hasIntersectionObserver =
+        typeof IntersectionObserver === "function";
+      const observers = new Map();
+      const idList = [];
+      function createObserver(options) {
+        const id = {
+          root: options.root || null,
+          margin: options.rootMargin || "",
+        };
+        const existing = idList.find(
+          (obj) => obj.root === id.root && obj.margin === id.margin
+        );
+        let instance;
+        if (existing) {
+          instance = observers.get(existing);
+          if (instance) {
+            return instance;
+          }
+        }
+        const elements = new Map();
+        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
+          entries.forEach((entry) => {
+            const callback = elements.get(entry.target);
+            const isVisible =
+              entry.isIntersecting || entry.intersectionRatio > 0;
+            if (callback && isVisible) {
+              callback(isVisible);
+            }
+          });
+        }, options);
+        instance = {
+          id,
+          observer,
+          elements,
+        };
+        idList.push(id);
+        observers.set(id, instance);
+        return instance;
+      }
+      function observe(element, callback, options) {
+        const { id, observer, elements } = createObserver(options);
+        elements.set(element, callback);
+        observer.observe(element);
+        return function unobserve() {
+          elements.delete(element);
+          observer.unobserve(element);
+          // Destroy observer when there's nothing left to watch:
+          if (elements.size === 0) {
+            observer.disconnect();
+            observers.delete(id);
+            const index = idList.findIndex(
+              (obj) => obj.root === id.root && obj.margin === id.margin
+            );
+            if (index > -1) {
+              idList.splice(index, 1);
+            }
+          }
+        };
+      }
+      function useIntersection({ rootRef, rootMargin, disabled }) {
+        const isDisabled = disabled || !hasIntersectionObserver;
+        const [visible, setVisible] = (0, _react.useState)(false);
+        const elementRef = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
+        const setElement = (0, _react.useCallback)((element) => {
+          elementRef.current = element;
+        }, []);
+        (0, _react.useEffect)(() => {
+          if (hasIntersectionObserver) {
+            if (isDisabled || visible) return;
+            const element = elementRef.current;
+            if (element && element.tagName) {
+              const unobserve = observe(
+                element,
+                (isVisible) => isVisible && setVisible(isVisible),
+                {
+                  root: rootRef?.current,
+                  rootMargin,
+                }
+              );
+              return unobserve;
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (!visible) {
+              const idleCallback = (0,
+              _requestidlecallback.requestIdleCallback)(() => setVisible(true));
+              return () =>
+                (0, _requestidlecallback.cancelIdleCallback)(idleCallback);
+            }
+          }
+          // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+        }, [isDisabled, rootMargin, rootRef, visible, elementRef.current]);
+        const resetVisible = (0, _react.useCallback)(() => {
+          setVisible(false);
+        }, []);
+        return [setElement, visible, resetVisible];
+      }
+      if (
+        (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
+          (typeof exports.default === "object" && exports.default !== null)) &&
+        typeof exports.default.__esModule === "undefined"
+      ) {
+        Object.defineProperty(exports.default, "__esModule", {
+          value: true,
+        });
+        Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
+        module.exports = exports.default;
+      } //# sourceMappingURL=use-intersection.js.map
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 6155: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+      "use strict";
+
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
+        value: true,
+      });
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "useMergedRef", {
+        enumerable: true,
+        get: function () {
+          return useMergedRef;
+        },
+      });
+      const _react = __webpack_require__(6466);
+      function useMergedRef(refA, refB) {
+        const cleanupA = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
+        const cleanupB = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
+        // NOTE: In theory, we could skip the wrapping if only one of the refs is non-null.
+        // (this happens often if the user doesn't pass a ref to Link/Form/Image)
+        // But this can cause us to leak a cleanup-ref into user code (previously via `<Link legacyBehavior>`),
+        // and the user might pass that ref into ref-merging library that doesn't support cleanup refs
+        // (because it hasn't been updated for React 19)
+        // which can then cause things to blow up, because a cleanup-returning ref gets called with `null`.
+        // So in practice, it's safer to be defensive and always wrap the ref, even on React 19.
+        return (0, _react.useCallback)(
+          (current) => {
+            if (current === null) {
+              const cleanupFnA = cleanupA.current;
+              if (cleanupFnA) {
+                cleanupA.current = null;
+                cleanupFnA();
+              }
+              const cleanupFnB = cleanupB.current;
+              if (cleanupFnB) {
+                cleanupB.current = null;
+                cleanupFnB();
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (refA) {
+                cleanupA.current = applyRef(refA, current);
+              }
+              if (refB) {
+                cleanupB.current = applyRef(refB, current);
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          [refA, refB]
+        );
+      }
+      function applyRef(refA, current) {
+        if (typeof refA === "function") {
+          const cleanup = refA(current);
+          if (typeof cleanup === "function") {
+            return cleanup;
+          } else {
+            return () => refA(null);
+          }
+        } else {
+          refA.current = current;
+          return () => {
+            refA.current = null;
+          };
+        }
+      }
+      if (
+        (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
+          (typeof exports.default === "object" && exports.default !== null)) &&
+        typeof exports.default.__esModule === "undefined"
+      ) {
+        Object.defineProperty(exports.default, "__esModule", {
+          value: true,
+        });
+        Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
+        module.exports = exports.default;
+      } //# sourceMappingURL=use-merged-ref.js.map
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 7046: /***/ (
+      module,
+      __unused_webpack_exports,
+      __webpack_require__
+    ) => {
+      module.exports = __webpack_require__(8113);
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 8113: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
       "use strict";
       /* __next_internal_client_entry_do_not_use__  cjs */
       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
@@ -45,17 +258,17 @@
       const _react = /*#__PURE__*/ _interop_require_wildcard._(
         __webpack_require__(6466)
       );
-      const _resolvehref = __webpack_require__(5475);
-      const _islocalurl = __webpack_require__(6475);
-      const _formaturl = __webpack_require__(9998);
-      const _utils = __webpack_require__(3084);
-      const _addlocale = __webpack_require__(3921);
-      const _routercontextsharedruntime = __webpack_require__(7726);
-      const _useintersection = __webpack_require__(4806);
-      const _getdomainlocale = __webpack_require__(3219);
-      const _addbasepath = __webpack_require__(5498);
-      const _usemergedref = __webpack_require__(3255);
-      const _erroronce = __webpack_require__(1685);
+      const _resolvehref = __webpack_require__(2399);
+      const _islocalurl = __webpack_require__(6687);
+      const _formaturl = __webpack_require__(4802);
+      const _utils = __webpack_require__(9208);
+      const _addlocale = __webpack_require__(9845);
+      const _routercontextsharedruntime = __webpack_require__(3466);
+      const _useintersection = __webpack_require__(4581);
+      const _getdomainlocale = __webpack_require__(8319);
+      const _addbasepath = __webpack_require__(4126);
+      const _usemergedref = __webpack_require__(6155);
+      const _erroronce = __webpack_require__(8305);
       const prefetched = new Set();
       function prefetch(router, href, as, options) {
         if (false) {
@@ -434,140 +647,7 @@
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 1685: /***/ (__unused_webpack_module, exports) => {
-      "use strict";
-
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
-        value: true,
-      });
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "errorOnce", {
-        enumerable: true,
-        get: function () {
-          return errorOnce;
-        },
-      });
-      let errorOnce = (_) => {};
-      if (false) {
-      } //# sourceMappingURL=error-once.js.map
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 3219: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
-      "use strict";
-
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
-        value: true,
-      });
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "getDomainLocale", {
-        enumerable: true,
-        get: function () {
-          return getDomainLocale;
-        },
-      });
-      const _normalizetrailingslash = __webpack_require__(1059);
-      const basePath =
-        /* unused pure expression or super */ null && (false || "");
-      function getDomainLocale(path, locale, locales, domainLocales) {
-        if (false) {
-        } else {
-          return false;
-        }
-      }
-      if (
-        (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
-          (typeof exports.default === "object" && exports.default !== null)) &&
-        typeof exports.default.__esModule === "undefined"
-      ) {
-        Object.defineProperty(exports.default, "__esModule", {
-          value: true,
-        });
-        Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
-        module.exports = exports.default;
-      } //# sourceMappingURL=get-domain-locale.js.map
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 3255: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
-      "use strict";
-
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
-        value: true,
-      });
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "useMergedRef", {
-        enumerable: true,
-        get: function () {
-          return useMergedRef;
-        },
-      });
-      const _react = __webpack_require__(6466);
-      function useMergedRef(refA, refB) {
-        const cleanupA = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
-        const cleanupB = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
-        // NOTE: In theory, we could skip the wrapping if only one of the refs is non-null.
-        // (this happens often if the user doesn't pass a ref to Link/Form/Image)
-        // But this can cause us to leak a cleanup-ref into user code (previously via `<Link legacyBehavior>`),
-        // and the user might pass that ref into ref-merging library that doesn't support cleanup refs
-        // (because it hasn't been updated for React 19)
-        // which can then cause things to blow up, because a cleanup-returning ref gets called with `null`.
-        // So in practice, it's safer to be defensive and always wrap the ref, even on React 19.
-        return (0, _react.useCallback)(
-          (current) => {
-            if (current === null) {
-              const cleanupFnA = cleanupA.current;
-              if (cleanupFnA) {
-                cleanupA.current = null;
-                cleanupFnA();
-              }
-              const cleanupFnB = cleanupB.current;
-              if (cleanupFnB) {
-                cleanupB.current = null;
-                cleanupFnB();
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (refA) {
-                cleanupA.current = applyRef(refA, current);
-              }
-              if (refB) {
-                cleanupB.current = applyRef(refB, current);
-              }
-            }
-          },
-          [refA, refB]
-        );
-      }
-      function applyRef(refA, current) {
-        if (typeof refA === "function") {
-          const cleanup = refA(current);
-          if (typeof cleanup === "function") {
-            return cleanup;
-          } else {
-            return () => refA(null);
-          }
-        } else {
-          refA.current = current;
-          return () => {
-            refA.current = null;
-          };
-        }
-      }
-      if (
-        (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
-          (typeof exports.default === "object" && exports.default !== null)) &&
-        typeof exports.default.__esModule === "undefined"
-      ) {
-        Object.defineProperty(exports.default, "__esModule", {
-          value: true,
-        });
-        Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
-        module.exports = exports.default;
-      } //# sourceMappingURL=use-merged-ref.js.map
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 4610: /***/ (
+    /***/ 8272: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __webpack_exports__,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -582,7 +662,7 @@
       /* harmony import */ var react_jsx_runtime__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ =
         __webpack_require__(7002);
       /* harmony import */ var next_link__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ =
-        __webpack_require__(9056);
+        __webpack_require__(7046);
       /* harmony import */ var next_link__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default =
         /*#__PURE__*/ __webpack_require__.n(
           next_link__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__
@@ -613,115 +693,45 @@
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 4806: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+    /***/ 8305: /***/ (__unused_webpack_module, exports) => {
       "use strict";
 
       Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
         value: true,
       });
-      Object.defineProperty(exports, "useIntersection", {
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "errorOnce", {
         enumerable: true,
         get: function () {
-          return useIntersection;
+          return errorOnce;
         },
       });
-      const _react = __webpack_require__(6466);
-      const _requestidlecallback = __webpack_require__(805);
-      const hasIntersectionObserver =
-        typeof IntersectionObserver === "function";
-      const observers = new Map();
-      const idList = [];
-      function createObserver(options) {
-        const id = {
-          root: options.root || null,
-          margin: options.rootMargin || "",
-        };
-        const existing = idList.find(
-          (obj) => obj.root === id.root && obj.margin === id.margin
-        );
-        let instance;
-        if (existing) {
-          instance = observers.get(existing);
-          if (instance) {
-            return instance;
-          }
+      let errorOnce = (_) => {};
+      if (false) {
+      } //# sourceMappingURL=error-once.js.map
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 8319: /***/ (module, exports, __webpack_require__) => {
+      "use strict";
+
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
+        value: true,
+      });
+      Object.defineProperty(exports, "getDomainLocale", {
+        enumerable: true,
+        get: function () {
+          return getDomainLocale;
+        },
+      });
+      const _normalizetrailingslash = __webpack_require__(6063);
+      const basePath =
+        /* unused pure expression or super */ null && (false || "");
+      function getDomainLocale(path, locale, locales, domainLocales) {
+        if (false) {
+        } else {
+          return false;
         }
-        const elements = new Map();
-        const observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
-          entries.forEach((entry) => {
-            const callback = elements.get(entry.target);
-            const isVisible =
-              entry.isIntersecting || entry.intersectionRatio > 0;
-            if (callback && isVisible) {
-              callback(isVisible);
-            }
-          });
-        }, options);
-        instance = {
-          id,
-          observer,
-          elements,
-        };
-        idList.push(id);
-        observers.set(id, instance);
-        return instance;
-      }
-      function observe(element, callback, options) {
-        const { id, observer, elements } = createObserver(options);
-        elements.set(element, callback);
-        observer.observe(element);
-        return function unobserve() {
-          elements.delete(element);
-          observer.unobserve(element);
-          // Destroy observer when there's nothing left to watch:
-          if (elements.size === 0) {
-            observer.disconnect();
-            observers.delete(id);
-            const index = idList.findIndex(
-              (obj) => obj.root === id.root && obj.margin === id.margin
-            );
-            if (index > -1) {
-              idList.splice(index, 1);
-            }
-          }
-        };
-      }
-      function useIntersection({ rootRef, rootMargin, disabled }) {
-        const isDisabled = disabled || !hasIntersectionObserver;
-        const [visible, setVisible] = (0, _react.useState)(false);
-        const elementRef = (0, _react.useRef)(null);
-        const setElement = (0, _react.useCallback)((element) => {
-          elementRef.current = element;
-        }, []);
-        (0, _react.useEffect)(() => {
-          if (hasIntersectionObserver) {
-            if (isDisabled || visible) return;
-            const element = elementRef.current;
-            if (element && element.tagName) {
-              const unobserve = observe(
-                element,
-                (isVisible) => isVisible && setVisible(isVisible),
-                {
-                  root: rootRef?.current,
-                  rootMargin,
-                }
-              );
-              return unobserve;
-            }
-          } else {
-            if (!visible) {
-              const idleCallback = (0,
-              _requestidlecallback.requestIdleCallback)(() => setVisible(true));
-              return () =>
-                (0, _requestidlecallback.cancelIdleCallback)(idleCallback);
-            }
-          }
-          // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-        }, [isDisabled, rootMargin, rootRef, visible, elementRef.current]);
-        const resetVisible = (0, _react.useCallback)(() => {
-          setVisible(false);
-        }, []);
-        return [setElement, visible, resetVisible];
       }
       if (
         (typeof exports.default === "function" ||
@@ -733,17 +743,7 @@
         });
         Object.assign(exports.default, exports);
         module.exports = exports.default;
-      } //# sourceMappingURL=use-intersection.js.map
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 9056: /***/ (
-      module,
-      __unused_webpack_exports,
-      __webpack_require__
-    ) => {
-      module.exports = __webpack_require__(1557);
+      } //# sourceMappingURL=get-domain-locale.js.map
 
       /***/
     },
@@ -753,7 +753,7 @@
     /******/ var __webpack_exec__ = (moduleId) =>
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(1182)
+      __webpack_exec__(2156)
     );
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     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for script-HASH.js
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [1209],
   {
-    /***/ 15: /***/ (module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => {
-      module.exports = __webpack_require__(5258);
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 6853: /***/ (
+    /***/ 2895: /***/ (
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@@ -22,7 +16,7 @@
       /* harmony import */ var react_jsx_runtime__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ =
         __webpack_require__(7002);
       /* harmony import */ var next_script__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ =
-        __webpack_require__(15);
+        __webpack_require__(3489);
       /* harmony import */ var next_script__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default =
         /*#__PURE__*/ __webpack_require__.n(
           next_script__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__
@@ -55,7 +49,17 @@
       /***/
     },
 
-    /***/ 9264: /***/ (
+    /***/ 3489: /***/ (
+      module,
+      __unused_webpack_exports,
+      __webpack_require__
+    ) => {
+      module.exports = __webpack_require__(3102);
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 9884: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __unused_webpack_exports,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -63,7 +67,7 @@
       (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
         "/script",
         function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(6853);
+          return __webpack_require__(2895);
         },
       ]);
       if (false) {
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@
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       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(9264)
+      __webpack_exec__(9884)
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for withRouter-HASH.js
@@ -1,34 +1,7 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [3263],
   {
-    /***/ 1593: /***/ (
-      module,
-      __unused_webpack_exports,
-      __webpack_require__
-    ) => {
-      module.exports = __webpack_require__(372);
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 4550: /***/ (
-      __unused_webpack_module,
-      __unused_webpack_exports,
-      __webpack_require__
-    ) => {
-      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
-        "/withRouter",
-        function () {
-          return __webpack_require__(8527);
-        },
-      ]);
-      if (false) {
-      }
-
-      /***/
-    },
-
-    /***/ 8527: /***/ (
+    /***/ 69: /***/ (
       __unused_webpack_module,
       __webpack_exports__,
       __webpack_require__
@@ -43,7 +16,7 @@
       /* harmony import */ var react_jsx_runtime__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ =
         __webpack_require__(7002);
       /* harmony import */ var next_router__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ =
-        __webpack_require__(1593);
+        __webpack_require__(2027);
       /* harmony import */ var next_router__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default =
         /*#__PURE__*/ __webpack_require__.n(
           next_router__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__
@@ -61,13 +34,40 @@
 
       /***/
     },
+
+    /***/ 2027: /***/ (
+      module,
+      __unused_webpack_exports,
+      __webpack_require__
+    ) => {
+      module.exports = __webpack_require__(1536);
+
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 2268: /***/ (
+      __unused_webpack_module,
+      __unused_webpack_exports,
+      __webpack_require__
+    ) => {
+      (window.__NEXT_P = window.__NEXT_P || []).push([
+        "/withRouter",
+        function () {
+          return __webpack_require__(69);
+        },
+      ]);
+      if (false) {
+      }
+
+      /***/
+    },
   },
   /******/ (__webpack_require__) => {
     // webpackRuntimeModules
     /******/ var __webpack_exec__ = (moduleId) =>
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(0, [636, 6593, 8792], () =>
-      __webpack_exec__(4550)
+      __webpack_exec__(2268)
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Diff for 4951-HASH.js

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Diff for main-app-HASH.js
@@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
 (self["webpackChunk_N_E"] = self["webpackChunk_N_E"] || []).push([
   [4977],
   {
-    /***/ 2568: /***/ (
+    /***/ 905: /***/ () => {
+      /* (ignored) */
+      /***/
+    },
+
+    /***/ 8428: /***/ (
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       __unused_webpack_exports,
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     ) => {
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 5065, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 2467, 23)
       );
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-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 8974, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 8296, 23)
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-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 6506, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 488, 23)
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+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 6887, 23)
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+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 1753, 23)
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+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 3265, 23)
       );
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-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 7790, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 1848, 23)
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+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 565, 23)
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-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 5802, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 6732, 23)
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       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 2809, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 6439, 23)
       );
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 5738, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 228, 23)
       );
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 5455)
+        __webpack_require__.bind(__webpack_require__, 3013)
       );
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 4731, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 8253, 23)
       );
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 3753, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 3772, 23)
       );
       Promise.resolve(/* import() eager */).then(
-        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 2816, 23)
+        __webpack_require__.t.bind(__webpack_require__, 5846, 23)
       );
 
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   /******/ (__webpack_require__) => {
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@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
       __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = moduleId));
     /******/ __webpack_require__.O(
       0,
-      [119, 8034],
-      () => (__webpack_exec__(5111), __webpack_exec__(2568))
+      [4246, 2914],
+      () => (__webpack_exec__(1429), __webpack_exec__(8428))
     );
     /******/ var __webpack_exports__ = __webpack_require__.O();
     /******/ _N_E = __webpack_exports__;
Commit: ac1c898

@codspeed-hq
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codspeed-hq bot commented Nov 22, 2025

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #86338 will not alter performance

Comparing bgw/bincode-value-cells (ac1c898) with canary (b89af78)

Summary

✅ 17 untouched
⏩ 3 skipped1

Footnotes

  1. 3 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports.

@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from 1a19858 to 14d6fac Compare November 22, 2025 04:33
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-traits branch from 06d12f7 to 6198395 Compare December 2, 2025 05:46
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from 946e3ce to 3872eab Compare December 2, 2025 05:46
@bgw bgw changed the base branch from bgw/bincode-traits to graphite-base/86338 December 2, 2025 19:57
@bgw bgw force-pushed the graphite-base/86338 branch from 6198395 to e2cbc23 Compare December 2, 2025 19:57
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from 3872eab to f31698a Compare December 2, 2025 19:57
@bgw bgw changed the base branch from graphite-base/86338 to bgw/primitive-wrappers December 2, 2025 19:57
@bgw bgw requested a review from a team December 2, 2025 20:02
@bgw bgw marked this pull request as ready for review December 2, 2025 20:02
@bgw bgw changed the title WIP: Turbopack: Use bincode to store the contents of value cells Turbopack: Use bincode to store the contents of value cells Dec 2, 2025
@bgw bgw requested a review from sokra December 4, 2025 16:41
@bgw bgw changed the title Turbopack: Use bincode to store the contents of value cells Turbopack: bincode: Use bincode to store the contents of value cells Dec 4, 2025
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/primitive-wrappers branch from e2cbc23 to 0e45230 Compare December 4, 2025 22:33
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from f31698a to f3df104 Compare December 4, 2025 22:33
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/primitive-wrappers branch from 0e45230 to 809edd4 Compare December 4, 2025 23:11
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from f3df104 to 3c1dec4 Compare December 4, 2025 23:11
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/primitive-wrappers branch from 809edd4 to e4e2044 Compare December 4, 2025 23:57
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from 3c1dec4 to e02768f Compare December 4, 2025 23:57
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/primitive-wrappers branch 2 times, most recently from a2fc66e to eaac610 Compare December 5, 2025 01:49
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from e02768f to eff6ef5 Compare December 5, 2025 01:49
@bgw bgw changed the base branch from bgw/primitive-wrappers to graphite-base/86338 December 5, 2025 02:16
bgw added a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 5, 2025
…n::Value` when stored in a cell (#86749)

This is used by #86338.

We store `serde_json::Value` directly in a cell. This worked because it was defined as a "primitive" (similar to how you can store a `Vc<bool>`). However, this doesn't implement `bincode::Encode`/`bincode::Decode`, so it causes problems when trying to store the cells using bincode.

This introduces a wrapper trait that we can implement for primitives to allow us to intercept their encoding/decoding. #86338 modifies `turbopack/crates/turbo-tasks-macros/src/primitive_macro.rs` to call this wrapper if it is provided.
@bgw bgw force-pushed the graphite-base/86338 branch from eaac610 to b89af78 Compare December 5, 2025 02:17
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from eff6ef5 to b5738dd Compare December 5, 2025 02:17
@graphite-app graphite-app bot changed the base branch from graphite-base/86338 to canary December 5, 2025 02:18
@bgw bgw force-pushed the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch from b5738dd to ac1c898 Compare December 5, 2025 02:18
@sokra sokra merged commit b35713c into canary Dec 5, 2025
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sokra commented Dec 5, 2025

Merge activity

@sokra sokra deleted the bgw/bincode-value-cells branch December 5, 2025 06:36
sokra pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 5, 2025
#86338 switches cell storage to use bincode, but it uses a compatibility shim for storing `TaskInput`s using `serde` + `pot`. This PR completes the migration by switching `TaskInput` to use `bincode` as well.

## Benchmark Summary

`next build` is consistently faster across a variety of repositories when persistent caching is enabled, and the resulting cache size is consistently smaller.

![Screenshot 2025-12-01 at 9.07.20 PM.png](https://app.graphite.com/user-attachments/assets/2e19f83a-5810-4c55-b67a-aa0dd1c5da22.png)

`cargo build` runs only slightly faster, but there's potential for improving this further by removing unused `serde` macro derives.

## Benchmarking Notes

Performance measurements (aside from cargo build) are taken using `next build`​. This should have proportional benefits for `next dev`​ too, but `next build`​ is more reproducible and easier to measure. `canary` refers to `a8f7b5467485647def4c0f4479a0a83bc4a3673a`.

These numbers are taken with persistent caching enabled with an empty cache, so it's the worst-case scenario for the serialization codepath. We don't care nearly as much about the performance of deserialization because it's less common.

## `cargo build -p next-swc-napi`

This makes builds _slightly_ faster. This branch doesn't clean up the serde derives yet, so there's a bunch of unused macro expansion here, so I think this number is actually pretty good.

```
~/next.js $ hyperfine -w 1 -r 5 -p 'git co a8f7b54 && cargo clean' -p 'git co bgw/bincode-task-inputs && cargo clean' 'cargo build -p next-swc-napi' 'cargo build -p next-swc-napi'
Benchmark 1: cargo build -p next-swc-napi
  Time (mean ± σ):     237.476 s ±  1.420 s    [User: 2001.820 s, System: 84.957 s]
  Range (min … max):   235.294 s … 238.862 s    5 runs

Benchmark 2: cargo build -p next-swc-napi
  Time (mean ± σ):     232.366 s ±  1.549 s    [User: 1945.355 s, System: 83.940 s]
  Range (min … max):   230.550 s … 234.485 s    5 runs

Summary
  cargo build -p next-swc-napi ran
    1.02 ± 0.01 times faster than cargo build -p next-swc-napi
```

## next-site

Using `~/front/apps/next-site` on macos with a M2 Pro. Nothing else was running on the machine.

```
hyperfine -p 'rm -rf .next' -w 2 -r 20 'TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile'
du -sh .next/cache/turbopack/
du -s .next/cache/turbopack/
```

#### Canary

```
Benchmark 1: TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     14.999 s ±  0.258 s    [User: 84.137 s, System: 8.683 s]
  Range (min … max):   14.400 s … 15.509 s    20 runs
```

```
855M    .next/cache/turbopack/
1751640 .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: macos measures size in 512B blocks)
```

#### This Branch

```
Benchmark 1: TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     14.106 s ±  0.255 s    [User: 79.976 s, System: 8.421 s]
  Range (min … max):   13.829 s … 14.939 s    20 runs
```

```
767M    .next/cache/turbopack/
1571072 .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: macos measures size in 512B blocks)
```

## vercel-site

Using `~/front/apps/vercel-site` on macos with a M2 Pro. Nothing else was running on the machine.

```
hyperfine -p 'rm -rf .next' -w 2 -r 20 'TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile'
du -sh .next/cache/turbopack/
du -s .next/cache/turbopack/
```

#### Canary

```
Benchmark 1: TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     93.274 s ±  1.630 s    [User: 671.120 s, System: 57.888 s]
  Range (min … max):   91.111 s … 96.881 s    10 runs
```

```
4.3G    .next/cache/turbopack/
9002568 .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: macos measures size in 512B blocks)
```

#### This Branch

```
Benchmark 1: TURBOPACK_PERSISTENT_CACHE=1 TURBO_ENGINE_IGNORE_DIRTY=1 pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     88.694 s ±  0.963 s    [User: 633.801 s, System: 54.576 s]
  Range (min … max):   87.357 s … 90.037 s    10 runs
```

```
3.7G    .next/cache/turbopack/
7788472 .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: macos measures size in 512B blocks)
```

## shadcn/ui

Using a low-noise Linux machine: https://github.com/bgw/benchmark-scripts/

```
diff --git a/apps/v4/next.config.mjs b/apps/v4/next.config.mjs
index 7fa0f012..d1137d01 100644
--- a/apps/v4/next.config.mjs
+++ b/apps/v4/next.config.mjs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const nextConfig = {
   },
   experimental: {
     turbopackFileSystemCacheForDev: true,
+    turbopackFileSystemCacheForBuild: true,
   },
   redirects() {
     return [
```

```
cd ~/shadcn-ui/apps/v4
hyperfine -p 'rm -rf .next' -w 2 'pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile'
du -sh .next/cache/turbopack/
du -s .next/cache/turbopack/
```

#### Canary

```
Benchmark 1: pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     62.772 s ±  0.939 s    [User: 163.153 s, System: 11.170 s]
  Range (min … max):   60.739 s … 64.220 s    10 runs
```

```
596M    .next/cache/turbopack/
609636  .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: Linux measures size in 1024B blocks)
```

#### This Branch

```
Benchmark 1: pnpm next build --turbopack --experimental-build-mode=compile
  Time (mean ± σ):     59.017 s ±  1.014 s    [User: 151.359 s, System: 9.978 s]
  Range (min … max):   57.124 s … 60.343 s    10 runs
```

```
491M    .next/cache/turbopack/
502240  .next/cache/turbopack/    (Note: Linux measures size in 1024B blocks)
```
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