FreeBSD-Up 🚀

A comprehensive FreeBSD virtual machine management tool built with Deno and QEMU. Effortlessly create, manage, and run FreeBSD VMs with persistent state tracking, network bridging support, and zero-configuration defaults.

✨ Features

Core VM Management

• 🏗️ Full VM lifecycle management: Create, start, stop, restart, inspect, and remove VMs
• 💾 Persistent state tracking: SQLite database stores VM configurations and state
• 📊 VM listing and monitoring: View running and stopped VMs with detailed information
• 🔍 VM inspection: Get detailed information about any managed VM
• 📋 VM logging: View and follow VM logs with built-in log management
• 🔄 VM restart: Gracefully restart VMs with preserved configuration
• 🗑️ VM removal: Clean removal of VMs from the database
• 🏷️ Auto-generated VM names: Unique identifiers for easy VM management
• 🏛️ Cross-platform support: Works on both x86_64 and aarch64 architectures
• 🔧 Background mode: Run VMs in detached mode for headless operation
• 🚀 Run from images: Create and run VMs directly from OCI registry images
• 💾 Install mode: Persist changes to VM disk images with --install flag

Network & Storage

• 🌐 Flexible networking: Support for both user-mode and bridge networking
• 🔗 Network bridge support: Automatic bridge creation and management with --bridge
• 🖧 MAC address management: Persistent MAC addresses for each VM
• 📍 Port forwarding: Custom port mapping for network services with --port-forward
• 💾 Persistent storage support: Attach and auto-create disk images
• 🗂️ Multiple disk formats: Support for qcow2, raw, and other disk formats
• 📏 Configurable disk sizes: Specify disk image size on creation
• 🗄️ Volume management: Create, list, inspect, and remove persistent volumes
• 🔗 Volume attachment: Attach volumes to VMs with --volume flag

Convenience Features

Image Management & OCI Registry Support

• 📦 OCI Registry Integration: Pull and push VM disk images to OCI-compatible registries
• 🗂️ Image Management: List, tag, and remove VM disk images with images, tag, and rmi commands
• 🔐 Registry Authentication: Login and logout from OCI registries with login and logout commands
• 🔄 Image Sharing: Share VM configurations and disk images across teams and environments
• 📥 Pull from Registry: Download pre-configured VM images from remote registries
• 📤 Push to Registry: Upload VM disk images to remote registries for distribution

Configuration Management

• 📄 Configuration Files: Support for TOML-based VM configuration files with vmconfig.toml
• ⚙️ Declarative VM Setup: Define VM settings in configuration files for reproducible environments
• 🔧 Init Command: Generate default configuration files with freebsd-up init
• 🔀 Config Merging: Command-line options override configuration file settings

HTTP API Server

• 🌐 RESTful API: Built-in HTTP API server for remote VM management

• 🔐 Bearer Token Authentication: Secure API access with token authentication

• 🖥️ Machine Management API: Create, start, stop, and manage VMs via HTTP

• 🗂️ Image Management API: List, pull, push, and manage VM images via HTTP

• 💾 Volume Management API: Create, list, inspect, and remove volumes via HTTP

• 🔧 Configurable Port: Customize API server port with --port or environment variable

• 📊 CORS Support: Built-in CORS support for web-based clients

• 🔗 Download and boot from URLs: Automatically downloads ISO images from remote URLs

• 📁 Local file support: Boot from local ISO files

• 🏷️ Version shortcuts: Simply specify a version like 14.3-RELEASE to auto-download

• 🎯 Smart defaults: Run without arguments to boot the latest stable release (FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE)

• ⚡ Zero configuration: Works out of the box with sensible defaults

• 🖥️ Serial console: Configured for headless operation with stdio console

• 💾 Smart caching: Automatically skips re-downloading existing ISO files

• 🆘 Help support: Built-in help with --help or -h flags

• ⚙️ Configurable VM options: Customize CPU type, core count, memory allocation

• 📝 Enhanced CLI: Powered by Cliffy for robust command-line parsing

📋 Prerequisites

Before using FreeBSD-Up, make sure you have:

• Deno - Modern JavaScript/TypeScript runtime
• QEMU - Hardware virtualization
• KVM support (Linux) - For hardware acceleration (optional but recommended)

Installation on Common Systems

Ubuntu/Debian:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qemu-system-x86 qemu-kvm
curl -fsSL https://deno.land/install.sh | sh

Fedora:

sudo dnf install qemu qemu-kvm
curl -fsSL https://deno.land/install.sh | sh

macOS:

brew install qemu deno

Run the following command to install the CLI:

deno install -A -g -r -f jsr:@tsiry/freebsd-up

🚀 Quick Start

Default Usage (Easiest)

Simply run without any arguments to boot the latest stable FreeBSD release:

freebsd-up

This will automatically download and boot FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE.

Boot with Version Shortcut

Specify just a version to auto-download and boot:

freebsd-up 14.3-RELEASE
freebsd-up 15.0-BETA3
freebsd-up 13.4-RELEASE

Boot from URL

Download and boot from a specific URL:

freebsd-up https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/15.0/FreeBSD-15.0-BETA3-amd64-disc1.iso

Boot from Local File

freebsd-up /path/to/your/freebsd.iso

VM Management Commands

List all running VMs:

freebsd-up ps

List all VMs (including stopped):

freebsd-up ps --all

Start a specific VM:

freebsd-up start vm-name

Stop a specific VM:

freebsd-up stop vm-name

Inspect VM details:

freebsd-up inspect vm-name

Remove a VM:

freebsd-up rm vm-name

Restart a VM:

freebsd-up restart vm-name

View VM logs:

freebsd-up logs vm-name

Follow VM logs in real-time:

freebsd-up logs vm-name --follow

Image Management Commands

List VM disk images:

freebsd-up images

Tag a VM disk image:

freebsd-up tag vm-name ghcr.io/tsirysndr/freebsd:15.0-BETA4

Remove a VM disk image:

freebsd-up rmi image-id

Login to OCI registry:

freebsd-up login -u tsirysndr ghcr.io

Logout from OCI registry:

freebsd-up logout ghcr.io

Pull an image from OCI registry:

freebsd-up pull ghcr.io/tsirysndr/freebsd:15.0-BETA4

Push an image to OCI registry:

freebsd-up push ghcr.io/tsirysndr/freebsd:15.0-BETA4

Run a VM from an OCI registry image:

freebsd-up run ghcr.io/tsirysndr/freebsd:15.0-BETA4

Volume Management Commands

List all volumes:

freebsd-up volumes

Remove a volume:

freebsd-up volume rm volume-name

Inspect a volume:

freebsd-up volume inspect volume-name

Attach a volume to a VM:

freebsd-up start vm-name --volume my-volume

Starting the API Server

Start the HTTP API server:

freebsd-up serve

Start the API server on a custom port:

freebsd-up serve --port 9000

Set a custom API token via environment variable:

export FREEBSD_UP_API_TOKEN=your-secret-token
freebsd-up serve

The API server provides RESTful endpoints for managing VMs, images, and volumes remotely. It includes bearer token authentication for security and supports CORS for web-based clients.

Using Configuration Files

Initialize a configuration file in your project:

freebsd-up init

This creates a vmconfig.toml file with default settings. Example configuration:

[vm]
iso = "https://download.freebsd.org/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/14.3/FreeBSD-14.3-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso"
cpu = "host"
cpus = 2
memory = "2G"
image = "./freebsd-disk.qcow2"
disk_format = "qcow2"
size = "20G"

[network]
bridge = "br0"
port_forward = "8080:80,2222:22"

[options]
detach = false

Command-line options will override configuration file settings, allowing you to customize VMs on a per-run basis while maintaining defaults in the config file.

Specify custom CPU type, core count, memory allocation, persistent storage, networking, and port forwarding:

# Custom CPU and memory
freebsd-up --cpu host --memory 4G 14.3-RELEASE

# Specify number of CPU cores
freebsd-up --cpus 4 --memory 8G 15.0-BETA3

# Attach a disk image for persistent storage
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-disk.img --disk-format qcow2 14.3-RELEASE

# Create disk image with specific size
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-disk.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --size 50G 14.3-RELEASE

# Use bridge networking (requires sudo)
freebsd-up --bridge br0 14.3-RELEASE

# Configure port forwarding for specific services
freebsd-up --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 14.3-RELEASE

# Run VM in background (detached mode)
freebsd-up --detach 14.3-RELEASE

# Persist changes to disk (install mode)
freebsd-up --install 14.3-RELEASE

# Attach a volume to the VM
freebsd-up --volume my-data 14.3-RELEASE

# Download to specific location
freebsd-up --output ./downloads/freebsd.iso 15.0-BETA3

# Combine all options
freebsd-up --cpu qemu64 --cpus 2 --memory 1G --image ./my-disk.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --size 30G --bridge br0 --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 --detach --volume my-data --install --output ./my-freebsd.iso

Get Help

freebsd-up --help
# or
freebsd-up -h

Alternative Execution Methods

If you haven't installed via deno install, you can run it directly with Deno:

deno run --allow-run --allow-read --allow-env -g -r -f main.ts -n freebsd-up

🔧 Command Line Options

FreeBSD-Up supports several command-line options for customization:

VM Configuration Options

• -c, --cpu <type> - CPU type to emulate (default: host)
• -C, --cpus <number> - Number of CPU cores (default: 2)
• -m, --memory <size> - Amount of memory for the VM (default: 2G)
• -i, --image <path> - Path to VM disk image for persistent storage
• --disk-format <format> - Disk image format: qcow2, raw, etc. (default: raw)
• -s, --size <size> - Size of disk image to create if it doesn't exist (default: 20G)

Network Options

Network Options

• -b, --bridge <name> - Name of the network bridge to use (e.g., br0)
• -p, --port-forward <mappings> - Port forwarding rules in the format hostPort:guestPort (comma-separated for multiple)

Storage Options

• -v, --volume <name> - Name of the volume to attach to the VM (will be created if it doesn't exist)

Execution Options

• -d, --detach - Run VM in the background and print VM name
• --install - Persist changes to the VM disk image

File Options

• -o, --output <path> - Output path for downloaded ISO files

Management Commands

• init - Initialize a VM configuration file (vmconfig.toml) in the current directory
• ps [--all] - List running VMs (use --all to include stopped VMs)
• start <vm-name> [--detach] [-v, --volume <name>] - Start a specific VM by name (optionally in background, optionally attach a volume)
• stop <vm-name> - Stop a specific VM by name
• restart <vm-name> - Restart a specific VM by name
• inspect <vm-name> - Show detailed information about a VM
• logs <vm-name> [--follow] - View VM logs (optionally follow in real-time)
• rm <vm-name> - Remove a VM and its configuration from the database
• run <image:tag> [options] - Create and run a VM from an OCI registry image
• images - List all VM disk images
• tag <vm-name> <image:tag> - Tag a VM disk image for pushing to a registry
• rmi <image-id> - Remove a VM disk image
• login -u <username> -p <password> <registry> - Login to an OCI registry
• logout <registry> - Logout from an OCI registry
• pull <image:tag> - Pull a VM disk image from an OCI registry
• push <image:tag> - Push a VM disk image to an OCI registry
• volumes - List all volumes
• volume rm <volume-name> - Remove a volume
• volume inspect <volume-name> - Inspect a volume
• serve [--port <port>] - Start the HTTP API server (default port: 8890)

Help Options

• -h, --help - Show help information
• -V, --version - Show version information

Examples

# Use different CPU type
freebsd-up --cpu qemu64 14.3-RELEASE

# Allocate more memory
freebsd-up --memory 4G 15.0-BETA3

# Use more CPU cores
freebsd-up --cpus 4 14.3-RELEASE

# Attach a persistent disk image
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-storage.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 14.3-RELEASE

# Create a larger disk image automatically
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-big.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --size 100G 14.3-RELEASE

# Use bridge networking for better network performance
freebsd-up --bridge br0 14.3-RELEASE

# Configure port forwarding for web and SSH access
freebsd-up --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 14.3-RELEASE

# Run VM in background mode
freebsd-up --detach 14.3-RELEASE

# Persist changes to disk (install mode)
freebsd-up --install 14.3-RELEASE

# Attach a volume to the VM
freebsd-up --volume my-data 14.3-RELEASE

# Save ISO to specific location
freebsd-up --output ./isos/freebsd.iso https://example.com/freebsd.iso

# Combine multiple options with bridge networking, port forwarding, persistent storage, and volumes
freebsd-up --cpu host --cpus 4 --memory 8G --image ./vm-disk.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --size 50G --bridge br0 --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 --detach --volume my-data --install --output ./downloads/ 14.3-RELEASE

# List all VMs (including stopped ones)
freebsd-up ps --all

# Start a previously created VM
freebsd-up start my-freebsd-vm

# Start a VM in background mode with volume
freebsd-up start my-freebsd-vm --detach --volume my-data

# Stop a running VM
freebsd-up stop my-freebsd-vm

# Restart a VM
freebsd-up restart my-freebsd-vm

# Get detailed information about a VM
freebsd-up inspect my-freebsd-vm

# View VM logs
freebsd-up logs my-freebsd-vm

# Follow VM logs in real-time
freebsd-up logs my-freebsd-vm --follow

# Remove a VM
freebsd-up rm my-freebsd-vm

# Run a VM from an OCI registry image
freebsd-up run ghcr.io/tsirysndr/freebsd:15.0-BETA4

# List all volumes
freebsd-up volumes

# Remove a volume
freebsd-up volume rm my-volume

# Inspect a volume
freebsd-up volume inspect my-volume

# Start the HTTP API server
freebsd-up serve

# Start API server on custom port
freebsd-up serve --port 9000

🖥️ Console Setup

When FreeBSD boots, you'll see the boot menu. For the best experience with the serial console:

1. Select option 3. Escape to loader prompt

2. Configure console output:

set console="comconsole"
boot

This enables proper console redirection to your terminal.

⚙️ VM Configuration

The script creates a VM with the following default specifications:

• CPU: Host CPU with KVM acceleration (configurable with --cpu)
• Memory: 2GB RAM (configurable with --memory)
• Cores: 2 virtual CPUs (configurable with --cpus)
• Storage: ISO-only by default; optional persistent disk (configurable with --image)
• Network: User mode networking with SSH forwarding (host:2222 → guest:22) or bridge networking with --bridge
• Port Forwarding: Configurable port mappings with --port-forward
• Console: Enhanced serial console via stdio with proper signal handling
• Default Version: FreeBSD 14.3-RELEASE (when no arguments provided)
• State Management: Persistent VM state stored in SQLite database
• Auto-naming: VMs get unique names for easy management
• Background Mode: Support for detached execution with --detach

Networking Modes

FreeBSD-Up supports two networking modes:

1. User Mode (Default): Port forwarding for SSH access (host:2222 → guest:22)
2. Bridge Mode: Direct network access via bridge interface (requires --bridge and sudo)

VM State Management

All VMs are tracked in a local SQLite database with the following information:

• VM name and unique ID
• Hardware configuration (CPU, memory, cores)
• Network settings (bridge, MAC address)
• Storage configuration
• Current status (RUNNING, STOPPED)
• Process ID (when running)
• Creation timestamp

Available CPU Types

Common CPU types you can specify with --cpu:

• host (default) - Use host CPU features for best performance
• qemu64 - Generic 64-bit CPU for maximum compatibility
• Broadwell - Intel Broadwell CPU
• Skylake-Client - Intel Skylake CPU
• max - Enable all supported CPU features

Available Disk Formats

Common disk formats you can specify with --disk-format:

• raw (default) - Raw disk image format for maximum compatibility
• qcow2 - QEMU Copy On Write format with compression and snapshots
• vmdk - VMware disk format
• vdi - VirtualBox disk format

🔧 Customization

Modifying VM Settings via Command Line

The easiest way to customize VM settings is through command-line options:

# Increase memory to 4GB
freebsd-up --memory 4G

# Use a different CPU type
freebsd-up --cpu qemu64

# Increase CPU cores to 4
freebsd-up --cpus 4

# Add persistent storage
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-data.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 14.3-RELEASE

# Configure port forwarding for web server and SSH
freebsd-up --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 14.3-RELEASE

# Run in background mode
freebsd-up --detach 14.3-RELEASE

# Combine options with persistent storage and port forwarding
freebsd-up --cpu host --cpus 4 --memory 8G --image ./vm-storage.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --port-forward 8080:80,2222:22 --detach 14.3-RELEASE

Creating Disk Images

Before using the --image option, you may need to create a disk image. FreeBSD-Up can automatically create disk images for you:

# Automatically create a 20GB qcow2 disk image (default size)
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-data.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 14.3-RELEASE

# Create a larger 50GB disk image
freebsd-up --image ./freebsd-large.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 --size 50G 14.3-RELEASE

# Manually create disk images with qemu-img
qemu-img create -f qcow2 freebsd-data.qcow2 20G
qemu-img create -f raw freebsd-data.img 10G

Setting up Bridge Networking

For bridge networking, you need to set up a bridge interface first:

# Create a bridge interface (requires root)
sudo ip link add br0 type bridge
sudo ip link set br0 up

# Add your network interface to the bridge
sudo ip link set eth0 master br0

# Then use FreeBSD-Up with bridge networking
freebsd-up --bridge br0 14.3-RELEASE

Note: Bridge networking requires sudo privileges and FreeBSD-Up will automatically create the bridge if it doesn't exist.

Advanced Customization

To modify VM settings beyond command-line options, you can edit the QEMU arguments in the relevant functions in src/utils.ts (for VM creation) or src/subcommands/start.ts (for VM startup). The main.ts file serves as the CLI entry point with subcommand routing.

Key architecture components:

• Modular design: Core functionality split into separate modules in src/
• Database integration: SQLite database for persistent VM state management (see src/db.ts)
• Image management: OCI registry integration for sharing and distributing VM images (see src/images.ts, src/oras.ts)
• Volume management: Persistent volume support for VM storage (see src/volumes.ts)
• HTTP API: RESTful API server for remote VM management (see src/api/)
• Configuration files: TOML-based configuration for declarative VM setups (see src/config.ts)
• Effect-based error handling: Functional error handling and async operations using the Effect library for robust error management
• Subcommand structure: Dedicated commands for VM lifecycle operations in src/subcommands/
• Network management: Automatic bridge setup and MAC address assignment in src/network.ts
• State tracking: Comprehensive VM state persistence across restarts in src/state.ts

Supported Version Formats

The script automatically recognizes and handles these version formats:

• 14.3-RELEASE - Stable releases
• 15.0-BETA3 - Beta versions
• 13.4-RC1 - Release candidates
• Any format matching: X.Y-RELEASE|BETAX|RCX

To change the default version when no arguments are provided, modify the DEFAULT_VERSION constant in main.ts.

📁 Project Structure

freebsd-up/
├── main.ts              # CLI entry point with Cliffy command routing
├── deno.json            # Deno configuration with dependencies
├── deno.lock            # Dependency lock file
├── README.md            # This file
└── src/                 # Core functionality modules
    ├── config.ts        # Configuration file parsing and management
    ├── constants.ts     # Configuration constants
    ├── context.ts       # Application context and database setup
    ├── db.ts            # Database schema and migrations
    ├── images.ts        # Image management functions
    ├── migrations.ts    # Database migration utilities
    ├── network.ts       # Network bridge management
    ├── oras.ts          # OCI registry operations via ORAS
    ├── state.ts         # VM state management functions
    ├── types.ts         # TypeScript type definitions
    ├── utils.ts         # Core VM utilities and QEMU interface
    ├── volumes.ts       # Volume management functions
    ├── api/             # HTTP API server
    │   ├── images.ts    # Image management API endpoints
    │   ├── machines.ts  # VM management API endpoints
    │   ├── volumes.ts   # Volume management API endpoints
    │   ├── utils.ts     # API utilities and helpers
    │   └── mod.ts       # API server entry point
    └── subcommands/     # CLI subcommand implementations
        ├── images.ts    # List images command
        ├── inspect.ts   # VM inspection command
        ├── login.ts     # OCI registry login command
        ├── logout.ts    # OCI registry logout command
        ├── logs.ts      # VM logging command
        ├── ps.ts        # VM listing command
        ├── pull.ts      # Pull image from registry command
        ├── push.ts      # Push image to registry command
        ├── restart.ts   # VM restart command
        ├── rm.ts        # VM removal command
        ├── rmi.ts       # Remove image command
        ├── run.ts       # Run VM command
        ├── serve.ts     # HTTP API server command
        ├── start.ts     # VM start command
        ├── stop.ts      # VM stop command
        ├── tag.ts       # Tag image command
        └── volume.ts    # Volume management commands

Dependencies

The project uses the following key dependencies:

• @paralleldrive/cuid2 - Unique ID generation for VMs
• @cliffy/command - Modern command-line argument parsing and subcommands
• @cliffy/flags - Command-line flag parsing
• @cliffy/prompt - Interactive prompts for CLI
• @cliffy/table - Formatted table output for VM listings
• @db/sqlite - SQLite database for VM state persistence
• @soapbox/kysely-deno-sqlite - SQLite dialect for Kysely
• @es-toolkit/es-toolkit - Modern utility functions (replacing lodash)
• @std/io - Standard I/O utilities
• @std/path - Path manipulation utilities
• @std/toml - TOML configuration file parsing
• @zod/zod - TypeScript-first schema validation
• kysely - Type-safe SQL query builder
• chalk - Terminal styling and colors
• dayjs - Date formatting and manipulation
• effect - Functional effect system for error handling and async operations
• moniker - Unique name generation for VMs
• hono - Fast and lightweight web framework for the HTTP API server

🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Feel free to:

• Report bugs
• Suggest features
• Submit pull requests
• Improve documentation

📝 License

This project is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0. See the LICENSE file for details.

🔗 Useful Links

• FreeBSD Downloads
• QEMU Documentation
• Deno Manual
• Cliffy Command Documentation

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Note

This tool is designed for development and testing purposes. For production FreeBSD deployments, consider using proper installation methods.