Installation issue: gdal

@adamjstewart if I understand the error correctly, it appears that if any of gdal's dependencies have MPI enabled, MPI must be loaded for libgdal to link correctly.  Specifically, I propose we add an `mpi` variant to gdal and maybe couple it to enable/disable all the `mpi` aware dependencies of `gdal`.  Does that make sense?  If so I can create a pull request with the change.

### Steps to reproduce the issue

```console
$ spack env status
==> Using spack.yaml in current directory: /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/MEX-2.3.0
$ spack install  # see spack.yaml below
...
  >> 3041    /tmp/xis14008/spack-stage/spack-stage-5eNDNt/spack-src/.libs/libgd
             al.so: undefined reference to `ompi_mpi_cxx_op_intercept'
  >> 3042    /tmp/xis14008/spack-stage/spack-stage-5eNDNt/spack-src/.libs/libgd
             al.so: undefined reference to `MPI::Datatype::Free()'
  >> 3043    /tmp/xis14008/spack-stage/spack-stage-5eNDNt/spack-src/.libs/libgd
             al.so: undefined reference to `MPI::Comm::Comm()'
  >> 3044    /tmp/xis14008/spack-stage/spack-stage-5eNDNt/spack-src/.libs/libgd
             al.so: undefined reference to `MPI::Win::Free()'
  >> 3045    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
  >> 3046    make[1]: *** [gdalinfo] Error 1
     3047    make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
     3048    make[1]: Leaving directory `/tmp/xis14008/spack-stage/spack-stage-
             5eNDNt/spack-src/apps'
  >> 3049    make: *** [apps-target] Error 2

See build log for details:
  /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/spack/var/spack/stage/gdal-3.0.1-4mvstpuneibqvhr45imvl3waobwa5hx6/spack-build-out.txt
```

Attached the full log file [2.3 MB]: [spack-build-out.txt](https://github.com/spack/spack/files/3543038/spack-build-out.txt)

### Platform and user environment

Please report your OS here:
```commandline
$ uname -a 
Linux cn01 2.6.32-642.13.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 23 16:03:01 EST 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ lsb_release -d
Description:    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.7 (Santiago)
``` 

```yaml
# ~/.spack/linux/compilers.yaml
compilers:
- compiler:
    environment: {}
    extra_rpaths: []
    flags: {}
    modules: []
    operating_system: rhel6
    paths:
      cc: /usr/bin/gcc
      cxx: /usr/bin/g++
      f77: /usr/bin/gfortran
      fc: /usr/bin/gfortran
    spec: gcc@4.4.7
    target: x86_64
- compiler:
    environment: {}
    extra_rpaths: []
    flags: {}
    modules: []
    operating_system: rhel6
    paths:
      cc: /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/spack/opt/spack/linux-rhel6-x86_64/gcc-4.4.7/gcc-6.3.0-m5d7f4djpmzkxwvwe2ggpqj2bl44enm6/bin/gcc
      cxx: /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/spack/opt/spack/linux-rhel6-x86_64/gcc-4.4.7/gcc-6.3.0-m5d7f4djpmzkxwvwe2ggpqj2bl44enm6/bin/g++
      f77: /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/spack/opt/spack/linux-rhel6-x86_64/gcc-4.4.7/gcc-6.3.0-m5d7f4djpmzkxwvwe2ggpqj2bl44enm6/bin/gfortran
      fc: /shared/stormcenter/Shen/src/spack/opt/spack/linux-rhel6-x86_64/gcc-4.4.7/gcc-6.3.0-m5d7f4djpmzkxwvwe2ggpqj2bl44enm6/bin/gfortran
    spec: gcc@6.3.0
    target: x86_64
```

```yaml
# spack.yaml

# This is a Spack Environment file.
#
# It describes a set of packages to be installed, along with
# configuration settings.
spack:
  # add package specs to the `specs` list
  specs:
  - gdal +hdf4 +hdf5 +jasper +netcdf +crypto +grib +curl ^hdf5 +hl ^openmpi +pmi fabrics=auto
    %gcc@6.3.0
  view: false
  mirrors: {}
  repos: []
  upstreams: {}
  modules:
    enable: []
  definitions: []
  packages:
    cmake:
      buildable: false
      paths:
        cmake@3.10.2: /apps2/cmake/3.10.2
      version: []
      providers: {}
      modules: {}
      compiler: []
    gmake:
      buildable: false
      paths:
        gmake@3.81: /usr
      version: []
      providers: {}
      modules: {}
      compiler: []
  config: {}
```

### Additional information

```console
$ spack concretize -f
==> Concretized gdal+crypto+curl+grib+hdf4+hdf5+jasper+netcdf ^hdf5+hl ^openmpi%gcc@6.3.0 fabrics=auto +pmi
 -   4mvstpu  gdal@3.0.1%gcc@6.3.0~armadillo~cfitsio+crypto~cryptopp+curl~expat~geos~gif+grib+hdf4+hdf5+jasper~java+jpeg~kea~libiconv+liblzma+libtool+libz~mdb+netcdf~odbc~opencl~openjpeg~pcre~perl~pg~png~poppler+proj~python~qhull~sosi~sqlite3~xerces~xml2~zstd arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  4vx5fvr      ^curl@7.63.0%gcc@6.3.0~darwinssl~gssapi~libssh~libssh2~nghttp2 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  b6r6fnb          ^openssl@1.1.1c%gcc@6.3.0+systemcerts arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  w4idrsb              ^perl@5.26.2%gcc@6.3.0+cpanm patches=0eac10ed90aeb0459ad8851f88081d439a4e41978e586ec743069e8b059370ac +shared+threads arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  qn2pvbe                  ^gdbm@1.18.1%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  gt74ike                      ^readline@7.0%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  rqwrhpn                          ^ncurses@6.1%gcc@6.3.0~symlinks~termlib arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  cmluutb                              ^pkgconf@1.6.1%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  rjqs3cq              ^zlib@1.2.11%gcc@6.3.0+optimize+pic+shared arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  yyiyegm      ^gmake@3.81%gcc@6.3.0~guile+nls patches=ca60bd9c1a1b35bc0dc58b6a4a19d5c2651f7a94a4b22b2c5ea001a1ca7a8a7f arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  lyr63eg      ^hdf@4.2.14%gcc@6.3.0~szip arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  hseynw6          ^bison@3.0.5%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  iej2wmo              ^diffutils@3.7%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  opcp74a              ^help2man@1.47.8%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  twor3y6                  ^gettext@0.19.8.1%gcc@6.3.0+bzip2+curses+git~libunistring+libxml2 patches=9acdb4e73f67c241b5ef32505c9ddf7cf6884ca8ea661692f21dca28483b04b8 +tar+xz arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  x33qfwi                      ^bzip2@1.0.8%gcc@6.3.0+shared arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  mw4lps6                      ^libxml2@2.9.9%gcc@6.3.0~python arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  aso4k7z                          ^libiconv@1.15%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  o2xme3g                          ^xz@5.2.4%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  hhxm2xj                      ^tar@1.31%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  h3gzxvn              ^m4@1.4.18%gcc@6.3.0 patches=3877ab548f88597ab2327a2230ee048d2d07ace1062efe81fc92e91b7f39cd00,fc9b61654a3ba1a8d6cd78ce087e7c96366c290bc8d2c299f09828d793b853c8 +sigsegv arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  kuyi76p                  ^libsigsegv@2.11%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  jay4qjn          ^flex@2.6.4%gcc@6.3.0+lex patches=09c22e5c6fef327d3e48eb23f0d610dcd3a35ab9207f12e0f875701c677978d3 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  3crh7lk              ^autoconf@2.69%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  6j77nxv              ^automake@1.16.1%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  of3s2pk              ^libtool@2.4.6%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  pu7o7ls          ^libjpeg-turbo@2.0.2%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  enxs2ae              ^cmake@3.10.2%gcc@6.3.0~doc+ncurses+openssl+ownlibs patches=dd3a40d4d92f6b2158b87d6fb354c277947c776424aa03f6dc8096cf3135f5d0 ~qt arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  5f2wqfv              ^nasm@2.14.02%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  u2ffeby      ^hdf5@1.10.5%gcc@6.3.0~cxx~debug~fortran+hl+mpi+pic+shared~szip~threadsafe arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  oxprqis          ^openmpi@3.1.4%gcc@6.3.0~cuda+cxx_exceptions fabrics=auto ~java~legacylaunchers~memchecker+pmi schedulers=none ~sqlite3~thread_multiple+vt arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  njk5j57              ^hwloc@1.11.11%gcc@6.3.0~cairo~cuda~gl+libxml2~nvml+pci+shared arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  bkmqzbd                  ^libpciaccess@0.13.5%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  5u6bbgi                      ^util-macros@1.19.1%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  nxxlgnc                  ^numactl@2.0.12%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  e2ecn35      ^jasper@1.900.1%gcc@6.3.0 build_type=Release +jpeg~opengl patches=95a654159688eaffdf035a467914c5953068ad0fd62d18229de5779a17ec380b,db104400a2e72f610b8fa4d061a32282254819c70b024ef1cf99fef64aca67e3 +shared arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  qsmbnxo      ^json-c@0.13.1%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  l5srte6      ^libgeotiff@1.5.1%gcc@6.3.0+jpeg patches=9485efc0a62a02207d34ac0c4d22e421c975b6ce85397c5e557c0105a232aaa3,ac81bd50db5950b42e48de78845ad91c60bc107ccaa1acd78836e03fdf4a2313,e0d45d3c34bf92df2d1d140957f110dc84759420e68a97e1e3d6ab90c81777d8 +proj+zlib arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  poxlp53          ^libtiff@4.0.10%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  25tmaus          ^proj@6.1.0%gcc@6.3.0 arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  qpmcb6k              ^sqlite@3.28.0%gcc@6.3.0+fts~functions arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
[+]  gxgix6l      ^netcdf@4.7.0%gcc@6.3.0~dap~hdf4 maxdims=1024 maxvars=8192 +mpi~parallel-netcdf patches=10a1c3f7fa05e2c82457482e272bbe04d66d0047b237ad0a73e87d63d848b16c +pic+shared arch=linux-rhel6-x86_64
```


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Installation issue: gdal #12586

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Installation issue: gdal #12586

Description

Steps to reproduce the issue

Platform and user environment

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Metadata

Metadata

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