BLD: Add Android support by mhsmith · Pull Request #30412 · numpy/numpy

mhsmith · 2025-12-10T12:31:23Z

Based on previous work:

I'm currently targeting the 2.3.x branch as part of a project I'm working on, but I'll rebase this PR on main once it's complete.

Closes Add Android Support #27698

mhsmith · 2025-12-17T21:53:48Z

The 2.3.2-1 wheels here were built using the following procedure:

Use a Linux or Mac machine.
Check out this PR.
cd to the top-level directory of this repository.
git submodule update --init
Create and activate a Python 3.13 virtual environment.
Run pip install git+https://github.com/mhsmith/cibuildwheel@android-numpy
Run cibuildwheel --only cp313-android_ARCH, where ARCH is either arm64_v8a or x86_64.
cibuildwheel will attempt to run the test suite on an Android emulator. If you don't want that, set the environment variable CIBW_TEST_SKIP="*".

These wheels pass the entire test suite except for:

A number of tests involving floating point exceptions which are expected to occur but don't. The discussion in #29724 indicates this may be caused by slight differences between compilers.
3 tests called test_legacy_pickle, due to bugs in how the testbed handles .gz files. I have a fix for this in python/cpython#142912, which I'll eventually include in the cibuildwheel PR.

On Chaquopy 17, this workaround is required.

rgommers

Thanks @mhsmith! It's fine to keep this PR open for reference if that's useful to you, however note that we're unlikely to do another 2.3.x release and even if we did, we'd want the changes to land in main first.

The test suite changes all seem fine, I'd be happy to merge those in a separate PR to main (possibly together with the related changes for iOS, to avoid the duplication).

The hardcoding of longdouble for Android (and iOS) also seems okay and fine to merge separately.

The wheel build changes I'd prefer to not merge, at least until everything upstream is ready and then we can reassess.

mhsmith · 2025-12-30T15:16:09Z

Thanks: I intend to create a set of similar PRs for numpy, pandas, scipy, and scikit-learn, so I can produce wheels of known versions for some Chaquopy users I'm working with. Once these PRs are fully working, I'll retarget them to the main branch of each project to enable them to release Android wheels on PyPI.

…tion

rgommers · 2026-06-25T08:11:13Z

I'd still be happy to merge all the test changes separately.

In case you haven't seen it yet, we now have NEP 57 — NumPy platform support, defining CPython-like support tiers. It may be reasonable for this PR to aim to promote Android to Tier 3 by adding a CI job, similar to the current Emscripten one.

mhsmith · 2026-07-04T00:00:00Z

A number of tests involving floating point exceptions which are expected to occur but don't.

These tests can be divided into two groups:

Those that only fail for the longdouble type. This was previously seen on FreeBSD (#24876).
Those involving division by zero, that fail for all floating point types. This was previously seen on macOS (#19316).

I've marked all of these tests as xfail on Android.

…ase that fails on x86_64

mhsmith · 2026-07-04T01:16:12Z

This PR is now ready for review. Since the only supported way of building for Android is via cibuildwheel, I think it's enough to add a matrix entry in wheels.yml, rather than adding a whole separate workflow file.

The iOS PR #28759 is also complete, though it's currently blocked on numpy/meson#25.

In case you haven't seen it yet, we now have NEP 57 — NumPy platform support, defining CPython-like support tiers. It may be reasonable for this PR to aim to promote Android to Tier 3 by adding a CI job, similar to the current Emscripten one.

Yes, I'd like to do that. As I understand it, the procedure would be to merge this PR to enable the CI job, and then submit a PR against NEP 57?

rgommers · 2026-07-16T16:53:26Z

Working on integrating the iOS fix now.

As I understand it, the procedure would be to merge this PR to enable the CI job, and then submit a PR against NEP 57?

It'd be fine to do it in this same PR as well, might be even better since the merging of this PR is effectively the Tier 3 promotion.

I think it's enough to add a matrix entry in wheels.yml, rather than adding a whole separate workflow file.

Agreed.

rgommers

LGTM, thanks @mhsmith for getting this to the finish line! I'll fix the last minor thing and merge conflict now to see if CI is still happy.

rgommers · 2026-07-16T19:32:02Z

+          # runner. So we build for ARM on a non-ARM runner, which will skip the tests.
+          - [ubuntu-24.04, android_arm64_v8a]
+          - [ubuntu-24.04, android_x86_64]
+        python: ["cp313"]


I thought about it for a bit; this is okay - it's usually set to the lowest supported Python version, but that's also covered by other jobs, so given that Android requires >=3.13, this is the easiest way to achieve that.

rgommers · 2026-07-16T20:00:53Z

+    if [[ $OPENBLAS == "android" ]]; then
+        python -m pip install \
+            --target $pkgconf_path \
+            --index-url https://chaquo.com/pypi-upstream/ \


This is fine for this file; we wouldn't like it in numpy/numpy-release, but that has its own cibw_before_build.sh which doesn't have to be in sync with this one.

[skip ci]

rgommers · 2026-07-16T21:03:18Z

Wheel build job times of 2 minutes for android-arm64_v8a (no tests run, hence very fast) and 11 minutes for android-x86_64 are not a concern, easily fast enough. So we're all set here I think. Let's hit the green button here and add the Tier 3 entry in a follow-up PR.

Thanks again @mhsmith!

See numpygh-28759 for iOS and numpygh-30412 for Android. [skip actions]

github-actions Bot added the 36 - Build Build related PR label Dec 10, 2025

mhsmith mentioned this pull request Dec 10, 2025

Add support for targeting Android mesonbuild/meson-python#824

Merged

This was referenced Dec 17, 2025

BLD: cross-compilation for android using cibuildwheel #29770

Closed

gh-144415: Android testbed fixes python/cpython#142912

Merged

BLD: Add Android support pandas-dev/pandas#63405

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rgommers reviewed Dec 30, 2025

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mhsmith mentioned this pull request Dec 30, 2025

scikit-learn not available in Chaquopy v17 (Python 3.13) – 16 KB device support issue chaquo/chaquopy#1436

Closed

This was referenced Jan 11, 2026

BLD: Add Android support scipy/scipy#24341

Draft

BLD Add Android support scikit-learn/scikit-learn#33055

Draft

Update NumPy chaquo/chaquopy#1267

Open

mhsmith mentioned this pull request Jan 20, 2026

Add Python Android support dmlc/xgboost#11942

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rgommers mentioned this pull request Jan 30, 2026

NEP 57: NumPy platform support #30748

Merged

mhsmith mentioned this pull request Mar 16, 2026

Update numba (for librosa) chaquo/chaquopy#834

Open

mhsmith mentioned this pull request Apr 15, 2026

Add Android support pypa/auditwheel#643

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rgommers reviewed Jun 24, 2026

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Comment thread pyproject.toml Resolved

rgommers reviewed Jun 24, 2026

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Comment thread .github/workflows/macos.yml Resolved

mhsmith added 9 commits June 25, 2026 00:24

Begin Android support

67e1559

Build number 0: passing most Chaquopy smoke tests

5a45b2a

Build with OpenBLAS

ad3433b

Skip tests that require subprocesses

759061e

Skip TestComplexFunctions.test_loss_of_precision[clongdouble]

03b4128

Update meson-python and cibuildwheel

74b948f

Switch to AUDITWHEEL_LD_LIBRARY_PATH

0556c2e

Update to OpenBLAS 0.3.33

b8d6b5e

Update to meson-python 0.20.0; remove unnecessary config-settings sec…

2b4bd11

…tion

mhsmith force-pushed the android branch from 86ebdfb to 2b4bd11 Compare June 25, 2026 00:04

mhsmith changed the base branch from maintenance/2.3.x to main June 25, 2026 00:04

mhsmith added 7 commits June 29, 2026 19:06

Skip more subprocess tests on Android

b766673

Build script fixes

fb63cbf

Fix lint errors

fb35690

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into android

fcff6cf

Xfail tests where Android doesn't raise FPE errors as expected

0c570de

Skip another subprocess test

221f6f2

Add Android to wheels workflow

7f572b8

mhsmith added 3 commits July 4, 2026 01:02

Move to ubuntu-24.04 to default to Java 17

89e69d5

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into android

2b56673

Skip another subprocess test, and a test_unary_spurious_fpexception c…

99a47c4

…ase that fails on x86_64

mhsmith marked this pull request as ready for review July 4, 2026 01:16

rgommers approved these changes Jul 16, 2026

View reviewed changes

Update pyproject.toml

15458d8

[skip ci]

rgommers mentioned this pull request Jul 16, 2026

BLD: Add support for building iOS wheels #28759

Merged

Fix merge conflicts

a324ad1

rgommers merged commit f67f65a into numpy:main Jul 16, 2026
91 checks passed

rgommers added this to the 2.6.0 Release milestone Jul 16, 2026

rgommers added a commit to rgommers/numpy that referenced this pull request Jul 17, 2026

NEP: update NEP 57 for Android and iOS, both are in Tier 3 now

98acc6a

See numpygh-28759 for iOS and numpygh-30412 for Android. [skip actions]

rgommers mentioned this pull request Jul 17, 2026

NEP: update NEP 57 for Android and iOS, both are in Tier 3 now #32032

Merged

Anon06092026 mentioned this pull request Sep 12, 2026

BUG: f2py tests error at collection instead of skipping when meson is missing (2.5.x, 2.4.x) #32598

Closed

CVFA mentioned this pull request Oct 22, 2026

No wheels for Android in Python 3.14.8 #33119

Closed

mhsmith mentioned this pull request Oct 27, 2026

OpenBLAS x86_64 build in pypi-upstream is not 16 KB-aligned chaquo/chaquopy#1462

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