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Switch to ext4 for generated .img files#374

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dzuelke merged 1 commit intomainfrom
ext4
Feb 18, 2026
Merged

Switch to ext4 for generated .img files#374
dzuelke merged 1 commit intomainfrom
ext4

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@dzuelke dzuelke commented Feb 18, 2026

Ubuntu has been using ext4 as the default since Ubuntu 9.10 (2009), and the ext3 driver in the Linux kernel was removed in version 4.3 (2015), so internally, the ext4 driver has been mounting the ext3 images as loop devices for a long time already on Heroku runtime instances.

All mounts that overlay the read-only root filesystem in containers, such as /app, have also been ext4 ever since it became the default:

% heroku run -- mount | head
Running mount on sushi... up, run.3567
/dev/loop17 on / type ext3 (ro,nosuid,nodev,nodiratime,relatime)
none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=492k,mode=755,inode64)
/dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /app type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /var/tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime)
none on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noatime,nodiratime,size=1024k,mode=755,inode64)
none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=65536k,nr_inodes=2048,mode=700,uid=5790,gid=5790,inode64)
/dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /etc/passwd type ext4 (ro,relatime)
/dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /etc/group type ext4 (ro,relatime)

GUS-W-21298571

Ubuntu has been using [ext4 as the default since Ubuntu 9.10](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KarmicKoala/TechnicalOverview#ext4_by_default) (2009), and the ext3 driver in the Linux kernel was [removed](https://lwn.net/Articles/651645/) in [version 4.3](https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.3#The_Ext3_filesystem_has_been_removed) (2015), so internally, the ext4 driver has been mounting the ext3 images as loop devices for a long time already on Heroku runtime instances.

All mounts that overlay the read-only root filesystem in containers, such as `/app`, have also been ext4 ever since it became the default:

    % heroku run -- mount | head
    Running mount on sushi... up, run.3567
    /dev/loop17 on / type ext3 (ro,nosuid,nodev,nodiratime,relatime)
    none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime,size=492k,mode=755,inode64)
    /dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /app type ext4 (rw,relatime)
    /dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime)
    /dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /var/tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime)
    none on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
    none on /dev type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noatime,nodiratime,size=1024k,mode=755,inode64)
    none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=65536k,nr_inodes=2048,mode=700,uid=5790,gid=5790,inode64)
    /dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /etc/passwd type ext4 (ro,relatime)
    /dev/mapper/evg0-evol0 on /etc/group type ext4 (ro,relatime)

GUS-W-21298571
Comment thread tools/bin/capture-docker-stack
@dzuelke dzuelke merged commit 89648a4 into main Feb 18, 2026
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@dzuelke dzuelke deleted the ext4 branch February 18, 2026 11:01
dzuelke added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
edmorley pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
dzuelke added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
dzuelke added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
dzuelke added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
dzuelke added a commit that referenced this pull request Mar 3, 2026
We started using on the `--platform` option of `docker image inspect` in #374, which is only available in Docker 28.1.0+: docker/cli#5934

GitHub recently reverted the changes announced in actions/runner-images#13474 as they were causing too many regressions for users, so the runners for now are back to Docker 28.0.4: actions/runner-images@8323333

Instead of relying on whatever Docker version the runners ship with, we now fetch the latest stable using `docker/setup-docker-action`, which will generally reduce our reliance on runner-images-induced regressions like this in the future.

GUS-W-21410117
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