[flutter_tools] Migrate build targets, tester devices, application packages, and tool utilities away from globals - #193647

…ckages, and tool utilities away from globals (flutter#193647)

Migrates build system targets (ShaderCompiler, Android, and common
targets), FlutterTesterDevice, application packages, ProtocolDiscovery,
AnalysisServer, and UnifiedAnalytics wiring away from globals.dart to
explicit dependency injection.

Part of flutter#188471

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [x] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

… hosts (flutter#194453)

On Linux arm64 hosts, any profile or release Android build fails with a
raw `ProcessException`, because the Flutter SDK does not include
`gen_snapshot` for Android on this host. This PR replaces that with a
`ToolExit` that says the configuration is not supported, shows the path
the tool expected, and links the feature request.

If a `gen_snapshot` has been placed at the expected path (for example, a
self-built binary), the build still uses it, so existing workarounds
keep working.

Since flutter#193647 the build target has no access to `OperatingSystemUtils`,
so it recognizes a Linux arm64 host from the `linux-arm64` directory
that the cached artifacts put `gen_snapshot` in. Builds that use a local
engine are not affected.

Output of the `flutter assemble` step that `flutter build apk --release`
runs, captured in a linux/arm64 Debian container with the SDK at
`/flutter` (master 8274c72, then with this change applied):

Before:

```
Target android_aot_release_android-arm64 failed: ProcessException: Failed to find "/flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/engine/android-arm64-release/linux-arm64/gen_snapshot" in the search path.
  Command: /flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/engine/android-arm64-release/linux-arm64/gen_snapshot
```

After:

```
Target android_aot_release_android-arm64 failed: Error: Building Android apps in release mode is not supported on Linux arm64 hosts because the Flutter SDK does not include gen_snapshot for this host (expected at /flutter/bin/cache/artifacts/engine/android-arm64-release/linux-arm64/gen_snapshot).
See flutter#75864 for details.
```

This does not add Linux arm64 host support for Android builds; that is
tracked in flutter#75864.

Fixes flutter#168980

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [AI contribution guidelines] and understand my
responsibilities, or I am not using AI tools.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [x] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant in-code documentation (doc comments with
`///`).
- [x] If this PR introduces a new feature or capability, I created and
linked a website documentation issue or PR in [flutter/website] (or
verified none is needed).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

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