…ounded corners (#149594)

fixes [[Slider] Thumb's center doesn't align with division's center](#62567)
fixes [Slider thumb doesn't respect round slider track shape](#149591)
fixes [`RoundedRectSliderTrackShape` corners are not rendered correctly](#149589)

(Verified these behaviors with Android components implementation)

### Code sample

<details>
<summary>expand to view the code sample</summary> 

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(const MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatefulWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @OverRide
  State<MyApp> createState() => _MyAppState();
}

class _MyAppState extends State<MyApp> {
  double _value = 5.0;

  @OverRide
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      theme: ThemeData(
        sliderTheme: const SliderThemeData(
          trackHeight: 32,
          thumbColor: Colors.green,
          activeTrackColor: Colors.deepPurple,
          inactiveTrackColor: Colors.amber,
        ),
      ),
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Slider(
          value: _value,
          // divisions: 10,
          // ignore: avoid_redundant_argument_values
          min: 0,
          max: 10,
          onChanged: (double value) {
            setState(() {
              _value = value;
            });
          },
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

</details>

### Description
This PR fixes several core `Sliders` issues which are apparent in #147783. As a result, fixing the these bugs will unblock it.

### 1. Fixes the thumb doesn't align with `Slider` divisions.

![Group 8](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/9aa138ae-9525-4af4-8fc7-3cea0692a6d7)

![Group 9](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/e97940ae-a1c8-4b8b-9971-1cf417d32e40)

### 2.  Fixes `RoundedRectSliderTrackShape` corners are not rendered correctly.

![Group 10](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/ed20a6bb-d5c9-486b-a020-2c9ca7de55da)

### 3.  Fixes round track shape corners when the thumb is at the start or end of the round track shape.

![Group 4](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/37a2e820-402d-4964-a206-717ccf1c5c02)

![Group 3](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/5d36d523-5fb7-466f-9d53-b6928963fcab)

![Group 7](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/8f3b4c48-f04d-4681-a62f-a7ea5a3e19fa)

fixes [Update `Slider` for Material 3
redesign](#141842)
previous implementation #147783

### Description

This PR introduces new Material 3 Slider design. 

### Slider Preview

<img width="912" alt="Screenshot 2024-07-24 at 16 38 11"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9645ff6c-b72a-40aa-ae95-4f76994f8302">

<img width="912" alt="Screenshot 2024-07-24 at 16 38 24"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/fbaed8bb-2717-43a9-9415-ea1365165d9a">

### Value indicator Preview



https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/45fa001c-de81-433a-a8e9-6c0d6a2335c0

### New stop indicator



https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ad05621d-042d-4b17-9dbb-7f7b802a2593


### Customized 

<img width="912" alt="Screenshot 2024-07-24 at 16 41 49"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2f279240-5af8-4bc8-9c65-a4b4ac718101">



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- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
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- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [ ] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

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