[camera_android_camerax] Video encoding bitrate #187149

// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';

import 'package:camera/camera.dart';
import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';

/// Camera example home widget.
class CameraExampleHome extends StatefulWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraExampleHome({super.key});

  @override
  State<CameraExampleHome> createState() {
    return _CameraExampleHomeState();
  }
}

/// Returns a suitable camera icon for [direction].
IconData getCameraLensIcon(CameraLensDirection direction) {
  switch (direction) {
    case CameraLensDirection.back:
      return Icons.camera_rear;
    case CameraLensDirection.front:
      return Icons.camera_front;
    case CameraLensDirection.external:
      return Icons.camera;
  }
  // This enum is from a different package, so a new value could be added at
  // any time. The example should keep working if that happens.
  // ignore: dead_code
  return Icons.camera;
}

void _logError(String code, String? message) {
  // ignore: avoid_print
  print('Error: $code${message == null ? '' : '\nError Message: $message'}');
}

class _CameraExampleHomeState extends State<CameraExampleHome>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver, TickerProviderStateMixin {
  CameraController? controller;
  XFile? imageFile;
  XFile? videoFile;
  VideoPlayerController? videoController;
  VoidCallback? videoPlayerListener;
  bool enableAudio = true;
  double _minAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _maxAvailableExposureOffset = 0.0;
  double _currentExposureOffset = 0.0;
  late final AnimationController _flashModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _flashModeControlRowAnimation;
  late final AnimationController _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _exposureModeControlRowAnimation;
  late final AnimationController _focusModeControlRowAnimationController;
  late final CurvedAnimation _focusModeControlRowAnimation;
  double _minAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _maxAvailableZoom = 1.0;
  double _currentScale = 1.0;
  double _baseScale = 1.0;

  // Counting pointers (number of user fingers on screen)
  int _pointers = 0;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);

    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _flashModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),
      vsync: this,
    );
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation = CurvedAnimation(
      parent: _focusModeControlRowAnimationController,
      curve: Curves.easeInCubic,
    );
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _flashModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _exposureModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.dispose();
    _focusModeControlRowAnimation.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  // #docregion AppLifecycle
  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState state) {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    // App state changed before we got the chance to initialize.
    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return;
    }

    if (state == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
      cameraController.dispose();
    } else if (state == AppLifecycleState.resumed) {
      _initializeCameraController(cameraController.description);
    }
  }
  // #enddocregion AppLifecycle

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: const Text('Camera example')),
      body: Column(
        children: <Widget>[
          Expanded(
            child: Container(
              decoration: BoxDecoration(
                color: Colors.black,
                border: Border.all(
                  color:
                      controller != null && controller!.value.isRecordingVideo
                      ? Colors.redAccent
                      : Colors.grey,
                  width: 3.0,
                ),
              ),
              child: Padding(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.all(1.0),
                child: Center(child: _cameraPreviewWidget()),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          _captureControlRowWidget(),
          _modeControlRowWidget(),
          Padding(
            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(5.0),
            child: Row(
              children: <Widget>[_cameraTogglesRowWidget(), _thumbnailWidget()],
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  /// Display the preview from the camera (or a message if the preview is not available).
  Widget _cameraPreviewWidget() {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      return const Text(
        'Tap a camera',
        style: TextStyle(
          color: Colors.white,
          fontSize: 24.0,
          fontWeight: FontWeight.w900,
        ),
      );
    } else {
      return Listener(
        onPointerDown: (_) => _pointers++,
        onPointerUp: (_) => _pointers--,
        child: CameraPreview(
          controller!,
          child: LayoutBuilder(
            builder: (BuildContext context, BoxConstraints constraints) {
              return GestureDetector(
                behavior: HitTestBehavior.opaque,
                onScaleStart: _handleScaleStart,
                onScaleUpdate: _handleScaleUpdate,
                onTapDown: (TapDownDetails details) =>
                    onViewFinderTap(details, constraints),
              );
            },
          ),
        ),
      );
    }
  }

  void _handleScaleStart(ScaleStartDetails details) {
    _baseScale = _currentScale;
  }

  Future<void> _handleScaleUpdate(ScaleUpdateDetails details) async {
    // When there are not exactly two fingers on screen don't scale
    if (controller == null || _pointers != 2) {
      return;
    }

    _currentScale = (_baseScale * details.scale).clamp(
      _minAvailableZoom,
      _maxAvailableZoom,
    );

    await controller!.setZoomLevel(_currentScale);
  }

  /// Display the thumbnail of the captured image or video.
  Widget _thumbnailWidget() {
    return Row(
      mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
      children: <Widget>[
        if (videoController case final VideoPlayerController controller?)
          Container(
            width: 64.0,
            height: 64.0,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(border: Border.all(color: Colors.pink)),
            child: Center(
              child: AspectRatio(
                aspectRatio: controller.value.aspectRatio,
                child: VideoPlayer(controller),
              ),
            ),
          )
        else if (imageFile?.path case final String path)
          Container(
            width: 64.0,
            height: 64.0,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(border: Border.all(color: Colors.pink)),
            // The captured image on the web contains a network-accessible URL
            // pointing to a location within the browser. It may be displayed
            // either with Image.network or Image.memory after loading the image
            // bytes to memory.
            child: kIsWeb ? Image.network(path) : Image.file(File(path)),
          ),
      ],
    );
  }

  /// Display a bar with buttons to change the flash and exposure modes
  Widget _modeControlRowWidget() {
    return Column(
      children: <Widget>[
        Row(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
          children: <Widget>[
            IconButton(
              icon: const Icon(Icons.flash_on),
              color: Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null ? onFlashModeButtonPressed : null,
            ),
            // The exposure and focus mode are currently not supported on the web.
            ...!kIsWeb
                ? <Widget>[
                    IconButton(
                      icon: const Icon(Icons.exposure),
                      color: Colors.blue,
                      onPressed: controller != null
                          ? onExposureModeButtonPressed
                          : null,
                    ),
                    IconButton(
                      icon: const Icon(Icons.filter_center_focus),
                      color: Colors.blue,
                      onPressed: controller != null
                          ? onFocusModeButtonPressed
                          : null,
                    ),
                  ]
                : <Widget>[],
            IconButton(
              icon: Icon(enableAudio ? Icons.volume_up : Icons.volume_mute),
              color: Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null ? onAudioModeButtonPressed : null,
            ),
            IconButton(
              icon: Icon(
                controller?.value.isCaptureOrientationLocked ?? false
                    ? Icons.screen_lock_rotation
                    : Icons.screen_rotation,
              ),
              color: Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null
                  ? onCaptureOrientationLockButtonPressed
                  : null,
            ),
          ],
        ),
        _flashModeControlRowWidget(),
        _exposureModeControlRowWidget(),
        _focusModeControlRowWidget(),
      ],
    );
  }

  Widget _flashModeControlRowWidget() {
    return SizeTransition(
      sizeFactor: _flashModeControlRowAnimation,
      child: ClipRect(
        child: Row(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
          children: <Widget>[
            IconButton(
              icon: const Icon(Icons.flash_off),
              color: controller?.value.flashMode == FlashMode.off
                  ? Colors.orange
                  : Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null
                  ? () => onSetFlashModeButtonPressed(FlashMode.off)
                  : null,
            ),
            IconButton(
              icon: const Icon(Icons.flash_auto),
              color: controller?.value.flashMode == FlashMode.auto
                  ? Colors.orange
                  : Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null
                  ? () => onSetFlashModeButtonPressed(FlashMode.auto)
                  : null,
            ),
            IconButton(
              icon: const Icon(Icons.flash_on),
              color: controller?.value.flashMode == FlashMode.always
                  ? Colors.orange
                  : Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null
                  ? () => onSetFlashModeButtonPressed(FlashMode.always)
                  : null,
            ),
            IconButton(
              icon: const Icon(Icons.highlight),
              color: controller?.value.flashMode == FlashMode.torch
                  ? Colors.orange
                  : Colors.blue,
              onPressed: controller != null
                  ? () => onSetFlashModeButtonPressed(FlashMode.torch)
                  : null,
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _exposureModeControlRowWidget() {
    final ButtonStyle styleAuto = TextButton.styleFrom(
      foregroundColor: controller?.value.exposureMode == ExposureMode.auto
          ? Colors.orange
          : Colors.blue,
    );
    final ButtonStyle styleLocked = TextButton.styleFrom(
      foregroundColor: controller?.value.exposureMode == ExposureMode.locked
          ? Colors.orange
          : Colors.blue,
    );

    return SizeTransition(
      sizeFactor: _exposureModeControlRowAnimation,
      child: ClipRect(
        child: ColoredBox(
          color: Colors.grey.shade50,
          child: Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              const Center(child: Text('Exposure Mode')),
              Row(
                mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
                children: <Widget>[
                  TextButton(
                    style: styleAuto,
                    onPressed: controller != null
                        ? () =>
                              onSetExposureModeButtonPressed(ExposureMode.auto)
                        : null,
                    onLongPress: () {
                      if (controller != null) {
                        controller!.setExposurePoint(null);
                        showInSnackBar('Resetting exposure point');
                      }
                    },
                    child: const Text('AUTO'),
                  ),
                  TextButton(
                    style: styleLocked,
                    onPressed: controller != null
                        ? () => onSetExposureModeButtonPressed(
                            ExposureMode.locked,
                          )
                        : null,
                    child: const Text('LOCKED'),
                  ),
                  TextButton(
                    style: styleLocked,
                    onPressed: controller != null
                        ? () => controller!.setExposureOffset(0.0)
                        : null,
                    child: const Text('RESET OFFSET'),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
              const Center(child: Text('Exposure Offset')),
              Row(
                mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
                children: <Widget>[
                  Text(_minAvailableExposureOffset.toString()),
                  Slider(
                    value: _currentExposureOffset,
                    min: _minAvailableExposureOffset,
                    max: _maxAvailableExposureOffset,
                    label: _currentExposureOffset.toString(),
                    onChanged:
                        _minAvailableExposureOffset ==
                            _maxAvailableExposureOffset
                        ? null
                        : setExposureOffset,
                  ),
                  Text(_maxAvailableExposureOffset.toString()),
                ],
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _focusModeControlRowWidget() {
    final ButtonStyle styleAuto = TextButton.styleFrom(
      foregroundColor: controller?.value.focusMode == FocusMode.auto
          ? Colors.orange
          : Colors.blue,
    );
    final ButtonStyle styleLocked = TextButton.styleFrom(
      foregroundColor: controller?.value.focusMode == FocusMode.locked
          ? Colors.orange
          : Colors.blue,
    );

    return SizeTransition(
      sizeFactor: _focusModeControlRowAnimation,
      child: ClipRect(
        child: ColoredBox(
          color: Colors.grey.shade50,
          child: Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              const Center(child: Text('Focus Mode')),
              Row(
                mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
                children: <Widget>[
                  TextButton(
                    style: styleAuto,
                    onPressed: controller != null
                        ? () => onSetFocusModeButtonPressed(FocusMode.auto)
                        : null,
                    onLongPress: () {
                      if (controller != null) {
                        controller!.setFocusPoint(null);
                      }
                      showInSnackBar('Resetting focus point');
                    },
                    child: const Text('AUTO'),
                  ),
                  TextButton(
                    style: styleLocked,
                    onPressed: controller != null
                        ? () => onSetFocusModeButtonPressed(FocusMode.locked)
                        : null,
                    child: const Text('LOCKED'),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  /// Display the control bar with buttons to take pictures and record videos.
  Widget _captureControlRowWidget() {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    return Row(
      mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
      children: <Widget>[
        IconButton(
          icon: const Icon(Icons.camera_alt),
          color: Colors.blue,
          onPressed:
              cameraController != null &&
                  cameraController.value.isInitialized &&
                  !cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo
              ? onTakePictureButtonPressed
              : null,
        ),
        IconButton(
          icon: const Icon(Icons.videocam),
          color: Colors.blue,
          onPressed:
              cameraController != null &&
                  cameraController.value.isInitialized &&
                  !cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo
              ? onVideoRecordButtonPressed
              : null,
        ),
        IconButton(
          icon:
              cameraController != null &&
                  cameraController.value.isRecordingPaused
              ? const Icon(Icons.play_arrow)
              : const Icon(Icons.pause),
          color: Colors.blue,
          onPressed:
              cameraController != null &&
                  cameraController.value.isInitialized &&
                  cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo
              ? cameraController.value.isRecordingPaused
                    ? onResumeButtonPressed
                    : onPauseButtonPressed
              : null,
        ),
        IconButton(
          icon: const Icon(Icons.stop),
          color: Colors.red,
          onPressed:
              cameraController != null &&
                  cameraController.value.isInitialized &&
                  cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo
              ? onStopButtonPressed
              : null,
        ),
        IconButton(
          icon: const Icon(Icons.pause_presentation),
          color:
              cameraController != null && cameraController.value.isPreviewPaused
              ? Colors.red
              : Colors.blue,
          onPressed: cameraController == null
              ? null
              : onPausePreviewButtonPressed,
        ),
      ],
    );
  }

  /// Display a row of toggle to select the camera (or a message if no camera is available).
  Widget _cameraTogglesRowWidget() {
    final toggles = <Widget>[];

    void onChanged(CameraDescription? description) {
      if (description == null) {
        return;
      }

      onNewCameraSelected(description);
    }

    if (_cameras.isEmpty) {
      SchedulerBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) async {
        showInSnackBar('No camera found.');
      });
      return const Text('None');
    } else {
      for (final CameraDescription cameraDescription in _cameras) {
        toggles.add(
          SizedBox(
            width: 90.0,
            child: RadioListTile<CameraDescription>(
              title: Icon(getCameraLensIcon(cameraDescription.lensDirection)),
              value: cameraDescription,
            ),
          ),
        );
      }
    }

    return Expanded(
      child: SizedBox(
        height: 56.0,
        child: RadioGroup<CameraDescription>(
          groupValue: controller?.description,
          onChanged: onChanged,
          child: ListView(scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal, children: toggles),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  String timestamp() => DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch.toString();

  void showInSnackBar(String message) {
    ScaffoldMessenger.of(
      context,
    ).showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text(message)));
  }

  void onViewFinderTap(TapDownDetails details, BoxConstraints constraints) {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    final CameraController cameraController = controller!;

    final offset = Offset(
      details.localPosition.dx / constraints.maxWidth,
      details.localPosition.dy / constraints.maxHeight,
    );
    cameraController.setExposurePoint(offset);
    cameraController.setFocusPoint(offset);
  }

  Future<void> onNewCameraSelected(CameraDescription cameraDescription) async {
    if (controller != null) {
      return controller!.setDescription(cameraDescription);
    } else {
      return _initializeCameraController(cameraDescription);
    }
  }

  Future<void> _initializeCameraController(
    CameraDescription cameraDescription,
  ) async {
    final cameraController = CameraController(
      cameraDescription,
      kIsWeb ? ResolutionPreset.max : ResolutionPreset.medium,
      enableAudio: enableAudio,
      videoBitrate: 100000,
      imageFormatGroup: ImageFormatGroup.jpeg,
    );

    controller = cameraController;

    // If the controller is updated then update the UI.
    cameraController.addListener(() {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      if (cameraController.value.hasError) {
        showInSnackBar(
          'Camera error ${cameraController.value.errorDescription}',
        );
      }
    });

    try {
      await cameraController.initialize();
      await Future.wait(<Future<Object?>>[
        // The exposure mode is currently not supported on the web.
        ...!kIsWeb
            ? <Future<Object?>>[
                cameraController.getMinExposureOffset().then(
                  (double value) => _minAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                ),
                cameraController.getMaxExposureOffset().then(
                  (double value) => _maxAvailableExposureOffset = value,
                ),
              ]
            : <Future<Object?>>[],
        cameraController.getMaxZoomLevel().then(
          (double value) => _maxAvailableZoom = value,
        ),
        cameraController.getMinZoomLevel().then(
          (double value) => _minAvailableZoom = value,
        ),
      ]);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      switch (e.code) {
        case 'CameraAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable camera access.');
        case 'CameraAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Camera access is restricted.');
        case 'AudioAccessDenied':
          showInSnackBar('You have denied audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessDeniedWithoutPrompt':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Please go to Settings app to enable audio access.');
        case 'AudioAccessRestricted':
          // iOS only
          showInSnackBar('Audio access is restricted.');
        default:
          _showCameraException(e);
      }
    }

    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {});
    }
  }

  void onTakePictureButtonPressed() {
    takePicture().then((XFile? file) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {
          imageFile = file;
          videoController?.dispose();
          videoController = null;
        });
        if (file != null) {
          showInSnackBar('Picture saved to ${file.path}');
        }
      }
    });
  }

  void onFlashModeButtonPressed() {
    if (_flashModeControlRowAnimationController.value == 1) {
      _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    } else {
      _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.forward();
      _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
      _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    }
  }

  void onExposureModeButtonPressed() {
    if (_exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.value == 1) {
      _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    } else {
      _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.forward();
      _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
      _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    }
  }

  void onFocusModeButtonPressed() {
    if (_focusModeControlRowAnimationController.value == 1) {
      _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    } else {
      _focusModeControlRowAnimationController.forward();
      _flashModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
      _exposureModeControlRowAnimationController.reverse();
    }
  }

  void onAudioModeButtonPressed() {
    enableAudio = !enableAudio;
    if (controller != null) {
      onNewCameraSelected(controller!.description);
    }
  }

  Future<void> onCaptureOrientationLockButtonPressed() async {
    try {
      if (controller != null) {
        final CameraController cameraController = controller!;
        if (cameraController.value.isCaptureOrientationLocked) {
          await cameraController.unlockCaptureOrientation();
          showInSnackBar('Capture orientation unlocked');
        } else {
          await cameraController.lockCaptureOrientation();
          showInSnackBar(
            'Capture orientation locked to ${cameraController.value.lockedCaptureOrientation.toString().split('.').last}',
          );
        }
      }
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
    }
  }

  void onSetFlashModeButtonPressed(FlashMode mode) {
    setFlashMode(mode).then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Flash mode set to ${mode.toString().split('.').last}');
    });
  }

  void onSetExposureModeButtonPressed(ExposureMode mode) {
    setExposureMode(mode).then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Exposure mode set to ${mode.toString().split('.').last}');
    });
  }

  void onSetFocusModeButtonPressed(FocusMode mode) {
    setFocusMode(mode).then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Focus mode set to ${mode.toString().split('.').last}');
    });
  }

  void onVideoRecordButtonPressed() {
    startVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
    });
  }

  void onStopButtonPressed() {
    stopVideoRecording().then((XFile? file) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      if (file != null) {
        showInSnackBar('Video recorded to ${file.path}');
        videoFile = file;
        _startVideoPlayer();
      }
    });
  }

  Future<void> onPausePreviewButtonPressed() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isPreviewPaused) {
      await cameraController.resumePreview();
    } else {
      await cameraController.pausePreview();
    }

    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {});
    }
  }

  void onPauseButtonPressed() {
    pauseVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Video recording paused');
    });
  }

  void onResumeButtonPressed() {
    resumeVideoRecording().then((_) {
      if (mounted) {
        setState(() {});
      }
      showInSnackBar('Video recording resumed');
    });
  }

  Future<void> startVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      // A recording is already started, do nothing.
      return;
    }

    try {
      await cameraController.startVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      return;
    }
  }

  Future<XFile?> stopVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      return null;
    }

    try {
      return await cameraController.stopVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      return null;
    }
  }

  Future<void> pauseVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await cameraController.pauseVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> resumeVideoRecording() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;

    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isRecordingVideo) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await cameraController.resumeVideoRecording();
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> setFlashMode(FlashMode mode) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await controller!.setFlashMode(mode);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> setExposureMode(ExposureMode mode) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await controller!.setExposureMode(mode);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> setExposureOffset(double offset) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    setState(() {
      _currentExposureOffset = offset;
    });
    try {
      offset = await controller!.setExposureOffset(offset);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> setFocusMode(FocusMode mode) async {
    if (controller == null) {
      return;
    }

    try {
      await controller!.setFocusMode(mode);
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      rethrow;
    }
  }

  Future<void> _startVideoPlayer() async {
    if (videoFile == null) {
      return;
    }

    final vController = kIsWeb
        ? VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(Uri.parse(videoFile!.path))
        : VideoPlayerController.file(File(videoFile!.path));

    videoPlayerListener = () {
      if (videoController != null) {
        // Refreshing the state to update video player with the correct ratio.
        if (mounted) {
          setState(() {});
        }
        videoController!.removeListener(videoPlayerListener!);
      }
    };
    vController.addListener(videoPlayerListener!);
    await vController.setLooping(true);
    await vController.initialize();
    await videoController?.dispose();
    if (mounted) {
      setState(() {
        imageFile = null;
        videoController = vController;
      });
    }
    await vController.play();
  }

  Future<XFile?> takePicture() async {
    final CameraController? cameraController = controller;
    if (cameraController == null || !cameraController.value.isInitialized) {
      showInSnackBar('Error: select a camera first.');
      return null;
    }

    if (cameraController.value.isTakingPicture) {
      // A capture is already pending, do nothing.
      return null;
    }

    try {
      final XFile file = await cameraController.takePicture();
      return file;
    } on CameraException catch (e) {
      _showCameraException(e);
      return null;
    }
  }

  void _showCameraException(CameraException e) {
    _logError(e.code, e.description);
    showInSnackBar('Error: ${e.code}\n${e.description}');
  }
}

/// CameraApp is the Main Application.
class CameraApp extends StatelessWidget {
  /// Default Constructor
  const CameraApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const MaterialApp(home: CameraExampleHome());
  }
}

/// Getting available cameras for testing.
@visibleForTesting
List<CameraDescription> get cameras => _cameras;
List<CameraDescription> _cameras = <CameraDescription>[];

Future<void> main() async {
  // Fetch the available cameras before initializing the app.
  try {
    WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
    _cameras = await availableCameras();
  } on CameraException catch (e) {
    _logError(e.code, e.description);
  }
  runApp(const CameraApp());
}