Title: CI test builds failing with "invalid action cache entry"

Description:
I'm seeing CI runs fail to build changed files with messages like:

ERROR: /source/test/extensions/filters/http/cache/BUILD:71:24: Compiling test/extensions/filters/http/cache/cache_filter_test.cc failed: (Exit 34): Invalid action cache entry 0da235ebddfcb79aa14ea81f1aa904e9fdf4b016e4fb535094a666317649c5b5: expected output test/extensions/filters/http/cache/_objs/cache_filter_test/cache_filter_test.pic.o does not exist.

I've seen a couple different PRs with this problem: my results here for #20593 and another failure here for #20581.

There's a recent Bazel bug with similar error messages, so we can probably fix this by pulling in the fix there.

Repro steps:
Run the linux_x64 gcc presubmit on #20593.