Backport of #123564 to release/10.0

/cc @janvorli

Customer Impact

• Customer reported
• Found internally

The new exception handling incorrectly calls callbacks ExceptionSearchFunctionEnter/Leave and ExceptionUnwindFunctionEnter/Leave for funclets (catch / finally blocks) in a method. That results in those callbacks being called multiple times for the same method instead of just once. The number of extra calls depend on how many funclets are embedded in other funclets. Below is an example that will call those callback 3 times reporting the Foo. Once per each finally and then once per the actual method.
Depending on the profiler implementation, it can possibly lead to crash or misbehavior of the profiler

void Foo()
{
    try
    {
        try
        {
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
            }
            finally
            {
                throw new Exception();
            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception)
    {
    }
}

Regression

• Yes
• No

The regression was introduced in .NET 9 when the new EH was enabled by default.

Testing

The fix was verified using a repro code provided by the customer that reported the issue.

Risk

Low, the change just prevents the callbacks in funclets and makes it equivalent to the behavior before the new EH.