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Fix TraceEngine file contention deadlock in multithreaded mode#13446

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JanProvaznik merged 7 commits into
dotnet:mainfrom
JanProvaznik:fix/mt-trace-deadlock
Apr 1, 2026
Merged

Fix TraceEngine file contention deadlock in multithreaded mode#13446
JanProvaznik merged 7 commits into
dotnet:mainfrom
JanProvaznik:fix/mt-trace-deadlock

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@JanProvaznik JanProvaznik commented Mar 24, 2026

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In multithreaded (-mt) mode, multiple in-proc BuildRequestEngine instances run in the same process. Each engine's TraceEngine() method wrote to the same EngineTrace_{PID}.txt file using lock(this), which only serialized within that single instance. When two engines traced concurrently, the second FileStream open (with FileShare.Read) threw IOException, which propagated through QueueAction's error handler and fatally crashed the ActionBlock work queue. All subsequent Post() calls were silently rejected, causing request completions to be dropped and the scheduler to deadlock.

Root Cause

In -mt mode (same process, shared PID):

  Engine A: lock(this_A) -> opens EngineTrace_{PID}.txt  OK
  Engine B: lock(this_B) -> opens EngineTrace_{PID}.txt  IOException
                                                         |
                                            QueueAction catch -> throw
                                                         |
                                            ActionBlock faulted -> deadlock

lock(this) only serializes within ONE engine instance. Cross-instance contention on the shared file was unprotected.

Fix

  • Replace lock(this) with a static lock (s_traceLock) so all engine instances in the same process serialize trace writes to a single file. This keeps one unified trace file (better debugging UX than per-node files).
  • Catch non-critical exceptions in TraceEngine() using catch (Exception e) when (!ExceptionHandling.IsCriticalException(e)), matching the defensive pattern already used by Scheduler.TraceScheduler (Scheduler.cs:2683). Trace file failures must never crash the build engine.

Testing

Added regression test MultiThreadedBuild_WithDebugSchedulerTracing_DoesNotDeadlock:

  • Enables MSBUILDDEBUGSCHEDULER=1 during a multithreaded build with 4 parallel child projects
  • Uses [Fact(Timeout = 30_000)] so a deadlock regression fails fast instead of hanging CI
  • Verified on both net10.0 and net472

Red-green validated locally: without the fix, the test aborts with IOException: The process cannot access the file 'EngineTrace_{PID}.txt' because it is being used by another process followed by InternalErrorException: Failure during engine shutdown. With the fix, the test passes in ~400ms.

JanProvaznik and others added 2 commits March 24, 2026 13:26
In multithreaded (-mt) mode, multiple in-proc node engines run in the
same process. Each engine's TraceEngine() method wrote to the same
EngineTrace_{PID}.txt file with FileShare.Read. When two engines traced
concurrently, the second got an IOException, which propagated through
QueueAction's error handler and fatally crashed the ActionBlock work
queue. All subsequent Post() calls were silently rejected, causing
request completions to be dropped and the scheduler to deadlock.

Fix:
- Use per-node trace files: EngineTrace_{PID}_{NodeId}.txt
- Catch IOException in TraceEngine so trace failures can never crash
  the build engine

Added regression test that enables MSBUILDDEBUGSCHEDULER=1 during a
multithreaded build with parallel child projects.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
In -mt mode, multiple in-proc BuildRequestEngine instances share one process.
Each engine's TraceEngine() used lock(this), which only serialized within that
instance. Concurrent FileStream opens to EngineTrace_{PID}.txt with
FileShare.Read caused IOException, which fatally crashed the ActionBlock work
queue and caused a scheduler deadlock.

Fix:
- Replace lock(this) with a static lock (s_traceLock) so all engines in the
  same process serialize trace writes to a single file.
- Catch non-critical exceptions in TraceEngine, matching the defensive pattern
  already used by Scheduler.TraceScheduler.
- Add regression test with Timeout=30s to fail fast on deadlock.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
@JanProvaznik JanProvaznik marked this pull request as ready for review March 31, 2026 08:42
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings March 31, 2026 08:42
@JanProvaznik JanProvaznik self-assigned this Mar 31, 2026

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Pull request overview

Fixes a multithreaded (-mt) in-proc deadlock path caused by concurrent TraceEngine() writes to a shared per-process trace file, which could fault the ActionBlock work queue and stall the scheduler.

Changes:

  • Serialize BuildRequestEngine.TraceEngine() file writes across all in-proc engine instances via a static lock.
  • Make TraceEngine() resilient by swallowing non-critical exceptions during trace emission.
  • Add a regression unit test that runs an -mt build with debug scheduler tracing enabled to ensure the build completes.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

File Description
src/Build/BackEnd/Components/BuildRequestEngine/BuildRequestEngine.cs Uses a process-wide static lock for engine trace file writes and prevents trace IO failures from crashing the engine.
src/Build.UnitTests/BackEnd/BuildManager_Tests.cs Adds a regression test targeting the previous -mt trace-file contention/deadlock scenario.

Comment thread src/Build.UnitTests/BackEnd/BuildManager_Tests.cs
Comment thread src/Build.UnitTests/BackEnd/BuildManager_Tests.cs Outdated
Comment thread src/Build.UnitTests/BackEnd/BuildManager_Tests.cs Outdated
Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
JanProvaznik and others added 3 commits March 31, 2026 12:33
FrameworkDebugUtils.SetDebugPath() is parameterless; it reads from the
MSBUILDDEBUGPATH environment variable which is already set on the
previous line. The incorrect SetDebugPath(debugPath) call caused CS1501
across all CI legs.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
When a non-critical exception occurs writing the engine trace file,
log the failure message and stack trace at Low importance through
_nodeLoggingContext (if available) so it appears in diagnostic-level
build output.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
xUnit only supports Timeout on async tests. Wrap the test body in
Task.Run and return async Task. Use fully-qualified Task type to avoid
ambiguity with Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Task.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
Comment thread src/Build/BackEnd/Components/BuildRequestEngine/BuildRequestEngine.cs Outdated
@JanProvaznik JanProvaznik enabled auto-merge (squash) March 31, 2026 15:59
@JanProvaznik JanProvaznik merged commit d34fb86 into dotnet:main Apr 1, 2026
10 checks passed
dfederm pushed a commit to dfederm/msbuild that referenced this pull request Apr 9, 2026
github-actions Bot pushed a commit to IntelliTect/Multitool that referenced this pull request Jun 29, 2026
Updated [Microsoft.Build](https://github.com/dotnet/msbuild) from 18.6.3
to 18.7.1.

<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>

_Sourced from [Microsoft.Build's
releases](https://github.com/dotnet/msbuild/releases)._

## 18.7.1

## What's Changed
* Fix TraceEngine file contention deadlock in multithreaded mode by
@​JanProvaznik in dotnet/msbuild#13446
* Remove duplicate test cases in MultithreadableTaskAnalyzer by
@​Youssef1313 in dotnet/msbuild#13483
* Ensure ThreadSafeTaskAnalyzer.Tests is considered as a unit test
project by @​Youssef1313 in dotnet/msbuild#13481
* Fix MSBuildTask0002 analyzer warnings in already-migrated tasks by
@​JanProvaznik in dotnet/msbuild#13466
* Fix race conditions in task host path resolution by @​AR-May in
dotnet/msbuild#13485
* Migrate ToolTask and Al task to TaskEnvironment API by @​OvesN in
dotnet/msbuild#13423
* Bump main to 18.7, add vs18.6 to merge flow by @​MichalPavlik in
dotnet/msbuild#13472
* Avoid allocations in GetHashCode implementations by @​DustinCampbell
in dotnet/msbuild#13475
* Add PATs rotation to agentic workflow(s) by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13496
* Fix ASP.NET WebSite projects to copy netstandard.dll facade when
required by @​JanProvaznik in
dotnet/msbuild#13058
* Migrate AspNetCompiler to TaskEnvironment API by @​OvesN in
dotnet/msbuild#13424
* Add review workflow by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13503
* Strengthen reviewer skill: add step-back analysis dimensions by
@​JanProvaznik in dotnet/msbuild#13504
* Add 'Request Speedometer Perf Run' to VS experimental insertion build
policies by @​Copilot in dotnet/msbuild#13505
* Remove duplicate @ prefix from issueAuthor in GitOps by @​akoeplinger
in dotnet/msbuild#13492
* Improve review aw by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13510
* Migrates unit tests to use RoslynCodeTaskFactory to enable running
tests under .NET Core by @​jankratochvilcz in
dotnet/msbuild#13500
* Fix cross-AppDomain TaskItem modifier cache regression by
@​DustinCampbell in dotnet/msbuild#13493
* Discourage review agent from approving PRs by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13512
* Stop trying to deploy ValueTuple by @​rainersigwald in
dotnet/msbuild#13507
* Ad-hoc re-sign bootstrap dotnet on macOS to prevent SIGKILL by
@​jankratochvilcz in dotnet/msbuild#13513
* RoslynCodeTaskFactory: Log MSB3753 when task class does not implement
ITask by @​jankratochvilcz in
dotnet/msbuild#13517
* Update gh-aw (upon mcp policy changes) by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13526
* Eliminate XmlChildNodes allocations in GetXmlNodeInnerContents by
@​nareshjo in dotnet/msbuild#13509
* Fix telemetry allocation regression: per-engine collector ownership by
@​JanProvaznik in dotnet/msbuild#13516
* Migrate to xunit.v3 by @​Youssef1313 in
dotnet/msbuild#13482
* Fix stray brace in HandleBuildCancel trace string causing MSB1025 by
@​Copilot in dotnet/msbuild#13535
* Bumping to 10.0.4 runtime packages by @​MichalPavlik in
dotnet/msbuild#13533
* Remove early return in GetCanonicalForm, always call System.IO.Path by
@​OvesN in dotnet/msbuild#13532
* Do not overwrite GetCopyToOutputDirectoryItemsDependsOn, just add new…
by @​snechaev in dotnet/msbuild#13474
* Migrate GetReferenceAssemblyPaths task to TaskEnvironment API by
@​OvesN in dotnet/msbuild#13495
* Stabilize ToolTaskThatTimeoutAndRetry test by @​rainersigwald in
dotnet/msbuild#13489
* [automated] Merge branch 'vs18.6' => 'main' by @​github-actions[bot]
in dotnet/msbuild#13506
* Add extra test assertions around tests by @​Youssef1313 in
dotnet/msbuild#13536
* Add static eval for repo skills/agents via skill-validator by
@​JanKrivanek in dotnet/msbuild#13537
* Migrate SGen task to Task environment API by @​OvesN in
dotnet/msbuild#13457
* Fix TerminalLogger assert failure for metaproj files and cached
project eval ID by @​OvesN in
dotnet/msbuild#13480
* Filter out approving review from pr-reviewer agent by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13553
* Use a unique task name per invocation to tabilize
RoslynCodeTaskFactory_ReuseCompilation test by @​huulinhnguyen-dev in
dotnet/msbuild#13551
* Brief doc on feedback/logging/data systems by @​rainersigwald in
dotnet/msbuild#13554
* Localized file check-in by OneLocBuild Task: Build definition ID 9434:
Build ID 13881982 by @​dotnet-bot in
dotnet/msbuild#13437
* Stage 3: Forward BuildProjectFile* callbacks from OOP TaskHost to
worker node by @​JanProvaznik in
dotnet/msbuild#13350
* Enable TaskHost Callbacks by default by @​JanProvaznik in
dotnet/msbuild#13579
* Remove unactionable info from reviewer agent by @​JanKrivanek in
dotnet/msbuild#13578
* Enlighten RequiresFramework35SP1Assembly task for multithreaded mode
by @​jankratochvilcz in dotnet/msbuild#13575
* Make SdkResolver-provided environment variables take precedence over
ambient environment by @​Copilot in
dotnet/msbuild#12655
* Add dotnet/skills marketplace and enable plugins by @​Evangelink in
dotnet/msbuild#13582
* The skills/agents check filters-in only touched files by @​JanKrivanek
in dotnet/msbuild#13586
* Fix skill-validation workflow failing when agents directory is deleted
by @​JeremyKuhne in dotnet/msbuild#13592
 ... (truncated)

Commits viewable in [compare
view](dotnet/msbuild@v18.6.3...v18.7.1).
</details>

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
This was referenced Jun 29, 2026
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3 participants