When a non-Exception object is thrown (from CIL or other languages that support it), it cannot be caught in F# by default.

Repro steps

let throwobj (x:obj) = (# "throw" x #) // or any other code that throws a non-Exception instance

try
  throwobj "test"
with
| e -> printf "%O" e

Expected behavior

The exception should be caught either as System.String or System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeWrappedException.

Actual behavior

Unhandled exception. System.InvalidCastException: Unable to cast object of type 'System.String' to type 'System.Exception'.

This is caused by the generated exception handler:

.try
{
    ldstr "test"
    throw
    // ...
}
catch [netstandard]System.Object
{
    castclass [System.Runtime]System.Exception // InvalidCastException
    stloc.0
    // ...
}

F# here catches everything, but the cast to Exception throws another exception since the object is not an Exception.

Known workarounds

The code above succeeds if the attribute that controls how wrapped exceptions are exposed is used explicitly:

[<assembly: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeCompatibility(WrapNonExceptionThrows = true)>]do()

Related information

Throwing a RuntimeWrappedException manually does not exhibit this behaviour because the runtime does not treat it as a special case then and does not unwrap the value.

Environment: https://sharplab.io/#v2:DYLgZgzgNALiCWwA+wCmMAEMAWAnA9gO74BGAVhgBQAeIpZAlBgLxUDEGARDgYZxtQxsGAWABQ4mLgCe4jFjxF6XGKggxO4wvBzikGVBgC0APgwAHXPAB2MMFwCkAeX6ogA=