websocket

WebSocket library for fasthttp and net/http.

Checkout examples to inspire yourself.

Install

go get github.com/dgrr/websocket

Why another WebSocket package?

Other WebSocket packages DON'T allow concurrent Read/Write operations on servers and they do not provide low level access to WebSocket packet crafting. Those WebSocket packages try to emulate the Golang API by implementing io.Reader and io.Writer interfaces on their connections. io.Writer might be a good idea to use it, but no io.Reader, given that WebSocket is an async protocol by nature (all protocols are (?)).

Sometimes, WebSocket servers are just cumbersome when we want to handle a lot of clients in an async manner. For example, in other WebSocket packages to broadcast a message generated internally we'll need to do the following:

type MyWebSocketService struct {
    clients sync.Map
}

type BlockingConn struct {
	lck sync.Mutex
	c websocketPackage.Conn
}

func (ws *MyWebSocketService) Broadcaster() {
	for msg := range messageProducerChannel {
        ws.clients.Range(func(_, v interface{}) bool {
            c := v.(*BlockingConn)
            c.lck.Lock() // oh, we need to block, otherwise we can break the program
            err := c.Write(msg)
            c.lck.Unlock()
            
            if err != nil {
                // we have an error, what can we do? Log it?
            	// if the connection has been closed we'll receive that on
            	// the Read call, so the connection will close automatically.
            }
            
            return true
        })
    }
}

func (ws *MyWebSocketService) Handle(request, response) {
	c, err := websocketPackage.Upgrade(request, response)
	if err != nil {
		// then it's clearly an error! Report back
    }
    
    bc := &BlockingConn{
        c: c,
    }   
    
	ws.clients.Store(bc, struct{}{})
    
	// even though I just want to write, I need to block somehow
    for {
    	content, err := bc.Read()
    	if err != nil {
            // handle the error
            break
        }
    }
    
    ws.clients.Delete(bc)
}

First, we need to store every client upon connection, and whenever we want to send data we need to iterate over a list, and send the message. If while, writing we get an error, then we need to handle that client's error What if the writing operation is happening at the same time in 2 different coroutines? Then we need a sync.Mutex and block until we finish writing.

To solve most of those problems websocket uses channels and separated coroutines, one for reading and another one for writing. By following the sharing principle.

Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating.

Following the fasthttp philosophy this library tries to take as much advantage of the Golang's multi-threaded model as possible, while keeping your code concurrently safe.

To see an example of what this package CAN do that others DONT checkout the broadcast example.

Server

How can I launch a server?

It's quite easy. You only need to create a Server, set your callbacks by calling the Handle* methods and then specify your fasthttp handler as Server.Upgrade.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	
	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp"
	"github.com/dgrr/websocket"
)

func main() {
	ws := websocket.Server{}
	ws.HandleData(OnMessage)
	
	fasthttp.ListenAndServe(":8080", ws.Upgrade)
}

func OnMessage(c *websocket.Conn, isBinary bool, data []byte) {
	fmt.Printf("Received data from %s: %s\n", c.RemoteAddr(), data)
}

How can I launch a server if I use net/http?

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	
	"github.com/dgrr/websocket"
)

func main() {
	ws := websocket.Server{}
	ws.HandleData(OnMessage)
	
	http.HandleFunc("/", ws.NetUpgrade)
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func OnMessage(c *websocket.Conn, isBinary bool, data []byte) {
	fmt.Printf("Received data from %s: %s\n", c.RemoteAddr(), data)
}

How can I handle pings?

Pings are handle automatically by the library, but you can get the content of those pings setting the callback using HandlePing.

For example, let's try to get the round trip time to a client by using the PING frame. The website http2.gofiber.io uses this method to measure the round trip time displayed at the bottom of the webpage.

package main

import (
	"sync"
	"encoding/binary"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/valyala/fasthttp"
	"github.com/dgrr/websocket"
)

// Struct to keep the clients connected
//
// it should be safe to access the clients concurrently from Open and Close.
type RTTMeasure struct {
	clients sync.Map
}

// just trigger the ping sender
func (rtt *RTTMeasure) Start() {
	time.AfterFunc(time.Second * 2, rtt.sendPings)
}

func (rtt *RTTMeasure) sendPings() {
	var data [8]byte

	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(data[:], uint64(
		time.Now().UnixNano()),
	)

	rtt.clients.Range(func(_, v interface{}) bool {
		c := v.(*websocket.Conn)
		c.Ping(data[:])
		return true
	})

	rtt.Start()
}

// register a connection when it's open
func (rtt *RTTMeasure) RegisterConn(c *websocket.Conn) {
	rtt.clients.Store(c.ID(), c)
	log.Printf("Client %s connected\n", c.RemoteAddr())
}

// remove the connection when receiving the close
func (rtt *RTTMeasure) RemoveConn(c *websocket.Conn, err error) {
	rtt.clients.Delete(c.ID())
	log.Printf("Client %s disconnected\n", c.RemoteAddr())
}

func main() {
	rtt := RTTMeasure{}

	ws := websocket.Server{}
	ws.HandleOpen(rtt.RegisterConn)
	ws.HandleClose(rtt.RemoveConn)
	ws.HandlePong(OnPong)

	// schedule the timer
	rtt.Start()

	fasthttp.ListenAndServe(":8080", ws.Upgrade)
}

// handle the pong message
func OnPong(c *websocket.Conn, data []byte) {
	if len(data) == 8 {
		n := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(data)
		ts := time.Unix(0, int64(n))

		log.Printf("RTT with %s is %s\n", c.RemoteAddr(), time.Now().Sub(ts))
	}
}

websocket vs gorilla vs nhooyr vs gobwas

Features	websocket	Gorilla	Nhooyr	gowabs
Concurrent R/W	Yes	No	No. Only writes	No
Passes Autobahn Test Suite	Mostly	Yes	Yes	Mostly
Receive fragmented message	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Send close message	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Send pings and receive pongs	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Get the type of a received data message	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Compression Extensions	No	Experimental	Yes	No (?)
Read message using io.Reader	No	Yes	No	No (?)
Write message using io.WriteCloser	Yes	Yes	No	No (?)

Stress tests

The following stress test were performed without timeouts:

Executing tcpkali --ws -c 100 -m 'hello world!!13212312!' -r 10k localhost:8081 the tests shows the following:

Websocket:

Total data sent:     267.7 MiB (280678466 bytes)
Total data received: 229.5 MiB (240626600 bytes)
Bandwidth per channel: 4.167⇅ Mbps (520.9 kBps)
Aggregate bandwidth: 192.357↓, 224.375↑ Mbps
Packet rate estimate: 247050.1↓, 61842.9↑ (1↓, 1↑ TCP MSS/op)
Test duration: 10.0075 s.

Websocket for net/http:

Total data sent:     267.3 MiB (280320124 bytes)
Total data received: 228.3 MiB (239396374 bytes)
Bandwidth per channel: 4.156⇅ Mbps (519.5 kBps)
Aggregate bandwidth: 191.442↓, 224.168↑ Mbps
Packet rate estimate: 188107.1↓, 52240.7↑ (1↓, 1↑ TCP MSS/op)
Test duration: 10.0039 s.

Either for fasthttp and net/http should be quite close, the only difference is the way they both upgrade.

Gorilla:

Total data sent:     260.2 MiB (272886768 bytes)
Total data received: 109.3 MiB (114632982 bytes)
Bandwidth per channel: 3.097⇅ Mbps (387.1 kBps)
Aggregate bandwidth: 91.615↓, 218.092↑ Mbps
Packet rate estimate: 109755.3↓, 66807.4↑ (1↓, 1↑ TCP MSS/op)
Test duration: 10.01 s.

Nhooyr: (Don't know why is that low)

Total data sent:     224.3 MiB (235184096 bytes)
Total data received: 41.2 MiB (43209780 bytes)
Bandwidth per channel: 2.227⇅ Mbps (278.3 kBps)
Aggregate bandwidth: 34.559↓, 188.097↑ Mbps
Packet rate estimate: 88474.0↓, 55256.1↑ (1↓, 1↑ TCP MSS/op)
Test duration: 10.0027 s.

Gobwas:

Total data sent:     265.8 MiB (278718160 bytes)
Total data received: 117.8 MiB (123548959 bytes)
Bandwidth per channel: 3.218⇅ Mbps (402.2 kBps)
Aggregate bandwidth: 98.825↓, 222.942↑ Mbps
Packet rate estimate: 148231.6↓, 72106.1↑ (1↓, 1↑ TCP MSS/op)
Test duration: 10.0015 s.

The source files are in this folder.

License

dgrr/websocket

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