Bevy version

0.7.0 dev, also reproduced in #4299.

What you did

(This test is from #4299), but the same failure occurs on main)

    fn with_filtered_component_system(_query: Query<&mut A, With<B>>) {}
    fn without_filtered_component_system(_query: Query<&mut A, Without<B>>) {}

    #[test]
    fn filtered_components() {
        let mut world = World::new();
        let mut test_stage = SystemStage::parallel();

        test_stage
            .add_system(with_filtered_component_system)
            .add_system(without_filtered_component_system);

        assert_eq!(
            test_stage.n_ambiguities(&mut world, ExecutionOrderAmbiguities::Forbid),
            0
        );
    }

What you expected to happen

This test should pass, as it is impossible for the two systems to access the same data.

What actually happened

It fails, and an ambiguity is detected.

Additional context

This is ultimately related to a lack of a clear model for how system access should be handled: read #3119.

This is correctly computed on the basis of hypothetical data access (which should be world agnostic, #4364).
However, the model used isn't strong enough: it's computed purely on the basis of Access<ComponentId>, and cannot account for the effects of query filtering in this way.