Implement fluent style/call chains. See the `call_chains.py` formatting
for examples.

This isn't fully like black because in `raise A from B` they allow `A`
breaking can influence the formatting of `B` even if it is already
multiline.

Similarity index:

| project      | main  | PR    |
|--------------|-------|-------|
| build        | ???   | 0.753 |
| django       | 0.991 | 0.998 |
| transformers | 0.993 | 0.994 |
| typeshed     | 0.723 | 0.723 |
| warehouse    | 0.978 | 0.994 |
| zulip        | 0.992 | 0.994 |

Call chain formatting is affected by
#627, but i'm cutting scope
here.

Closes #5343

**Test Plan**:
 * Added a dedicated call chains test file
 * The ecosystem checks found some bugs
 * I manually check django and zulip formatting

---------

Co-authored-by: Micha Reiser <[email protected]>