[ty] Make signature return and parameter types non-optional by carljm · Pull Request #22425 · astral-sh/ruff

carljm · 2026-01-06T20:40:45Z

Summary

Fixes astral-sh/ty#2363
Fixes astral-sh/ty#2013

And several other bugs with the same root cause. And makes any similar bugs impossible by construction.

Previously we distinguished "no annotation" (Rust None) from "explicitly annotated with something of type Unknown" (which is not an error, and results in the annotation being of Rust type Some(Type::DynamicType(Unknown))), even though semantically these should be treated the same.

This was a bit of a bug magnet, because it was easy to forget to make this None -> Unknown translation everywhere we needed to. And in fact we did fail to do it in the case of materializing a callable, leading to a top-materialized callable still having (rust) None return type, which should have instead materialized to object.

This also fixes several other bugs related to not handling un-annotated return types correctly:

We previously considered the return type of an unannotated async def to be Unknown, where it should be CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown].
We previously failed to infer a ParamSpec if the return type of the callable we are inferring against was not annotated.
We previously wrongly returned Unknown from some_dict.get("key", None) if the value type of some_dict included a callable type with un-annotated return type.

We now make signature return types and annotated parameter types required, and we eagerly insert Unknown if there's no annotation. Most of the diff is just a bunch of mechanical code changes where we construct these types, and simplifications where we use them.

One exception is type display: when a callable type has un-annotated parameters, we want to display them as un-annotated, but if it has a parameter explicitly annotated with something of Unknown type, we want to display that parameter as x: Unknown (it would be confusing if it looked like your annotation just disappeared entirely).

Fortunately, we already have a mechanism in place for handling this: the inferred_annotation flag, which suppresses display of an annotation. Previously we used it only for self and cls parameters with an inferred annotated type -- but we now also set it for any un-annotated parameter, for which we infer Unknown type.

We also need to normalize inferred_annotation, since it's display-only and shouldn't impact type equivalence. (This is technically a previously-existing bug, it just never came up when it only affected self types -- now it comes up because we have tests asserting that def f(x) and def g(x: Unknown) are equivalent.)

Test Plan

Added mdtests.

astral-sh-bot · 2026-01-06T21:11:31Z

Diagnostic diff on typing conformance tests

No changes detected when running ty on typing conformance tests ✅

astral-sh-bot · 2026-01-06T21:12:41Z

`mypy_primer` results

Changes were detected when running on open source projects

aioredis (https://github.com/aio-libs/aioredis)
+ aioredis/client.py:4426:9: error[invalid-method-override] Invalid override of method `execute_command`: Definition is incompatible with `Redis.execute_command`
- Found 29 diagnostics
+ Found 30 diagnostics

asynq (https://github.com/quora/asynq)
- asynq/tests/test_debug.py:179:15: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, (...)]` has no attribute `__name__`
+ asynq/tests/test_debug.py:179:15: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, ()]` has no attribute `__name__`
- asynq/tests/test_debug.py:181:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, (...)]` has no attribute `__name__`
+ asynq/tests/test_debug.py:181:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, ()]` has no attribute `__name__`
- asynq/tests/test_mock.py:271:13: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cant_set_attribute` on type `bound method AsyncDecorator[Any, (...)].asynq(...) -> AsyncTask[Any]`.
+ asynq/tests/test_mock.py:271:13: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cant_set_attribute` on type `bound method AsyncDecorator[Any, ()].asynq(...) -> AsyncTask[Any]`.
- asynq/tests/test_tools.py:440:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, (...)]` has no attribute `dirty`
+ asynq/tests/test_tools.py:440:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, ()]` has no attribute `dirty`
- asynq/tests/test_tools.py:450:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, (...)]` has no attribute `dirty`
+ asynq/tests/test_tools.py:450:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `AsyncDecorator[Any, ()]` has no attribute `dirty`
+ asynq/tests/typing_example/param_spec.py:15:21: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `asyncio` is incorrect: Expected `int`, found `Literal["1"]`
+ asynq/tests/typing_example/param_spec.py:15:31: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `asyncio` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Literal[2]`
- Found 215 diagnostics
+ Found 217 diagnostics

graphql-core (https://github.com/graphql-python/graphql-core)
+ tests/utils/assert_equal_awaitables_or_values.py:23:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@assert_equal_awaitables_or_values`, found `CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]`
- Found 423 diagnostics
+ Found 424 diagnostics

tornado (https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado)
+ tornado/test/asyncio_test.py:90:44: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `to_asyncio_future` is incorrect: Expected `Future[Unknown]`, found `CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]`
- Found 327 diagnostics
+ Found 328 diagnostics

psycopg (https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg)
+ tests/test_pipeline_async.py:605:28: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `fetchone` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]`
- Found 664 diagnostics
+ Found 665 diagnostics

meson (https://github.com/mesonbuild/meson)
+ mesonbuild/cargo/builder.py:191:32: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `__init__` is incorrect: Argument type `int | str` does not satisfy constraints (`int`, `str`, `bool`) of type variable `TV_TokenTypes`
- Found 1940 diagnostics
+ Found 1941 diagnostics

pyodide (https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide)
+ pyodide-build/pyodide_build/pypabuild.py:331:35: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Path`, found `Path | None`
- src/py/pyodide/webloop.py:980:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T@run], *, debug: bool | None = None), _T@run, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `run` of type `def run[_T](main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T@run], *, debug: bool | None = None) -> _T@run`
+ src/py/pyodide/webloop.py:980:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T@run], *, debug: bool | None = None), _T@run, (main, *, debug=None, loop_factory=None), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `run` of type `def run[_T](main: Coroutine[Any, Any, _T@run], *, debug: bool | None = None) -> _T@run`
- src/py/pyodide/webloop.py:981:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(seconds: int | float, /), None, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `sleep` of type `def sleep(seconds: int | float, /) -> None`
+ src/py/pyodide/webloop.py:981:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(seconds: int | float, /), None, (t), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `sleep` of type `def sleep(seconds: int | float, /) -> None`
+ src/tests/test_webloop.py:392:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `Task[Unknown]` has no attribute `then`
- Found 932 diagnostics
+ Found 934 diagnostics

manticore (https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore)
- manticore/native/cpu/abstractcpu.py:1206:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `old_method` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ manticore/native/cpu/abstractcpu.py:1206:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `old_method` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (cpu, *args, **kw_args), Unknown]`.

setuptools (https://github.com/pypa/setuptools)
- setuptools/_vendor/autocommand/autoparse.py:306:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `func` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ setuptools/_vendor/autocommand/autoparse.py:306:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `func` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (argv=None), Unknown]`.
- setuptools/_vendor/autocommand/autoparse.py:307:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `parser` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ setuptools/_vendor/autocommand/autoparse.py:307:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `parser` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (argv=None), Unknown]`.
- setuptools/_vendor/typing_extensions.py:2844:38: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__deprecated__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ setuptools/_vendor/typing_extensions.py:2844:38: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__deprecated__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (cls, *args, **kwargs), Unknown]`.
+ setuptools/command/dist_info.py:102:34: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Unknown | None | str`
+ setuptools/tests/test_wheel.py:677:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument expression after ** must be a mapping type: Found `str | dict[Unknown | str, Unknown] | dict[str, list[Unknown | str]] | Unknown`
- Found 1272 diagnostics
+ Found 1274 diagnostics

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/aglib/heap/ptmalloc.py:156:20: error[unsupported-operator] Operator `-` is not supported between objects of type `object` and `Literal[64]`
+ pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2.py:108:40: error[not-iterable] Object of type `object` is not iterable
+ pwndbg/commands/ptmalloc2.py:1482:20: error[unsupported-operator] Operator `+` is not supported between objects of type `object` and `Literal[2]`
+ pwndbg/dbg_mod/gdb/__init__.py:176:28: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@selection`, found `Unknown | Frame`
+ pwndbg/dbg_mod/gdb/__init__.py:195:24: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@selection`, found `Unknown | Frame`
+ pwndbg/dbg_mod/gdb/__init__.py:227:24: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@selection`, found `Unknown | Frame`
+ pwndbg/dbg_mod/gdb/__init__.py:393:24: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@selection`, found `Unknown | InferiorThread`
- Found 2055 diagnostics
+ Found 2062 diagnostics

prefect (https://github.com/PrefectHQ/prefect)
+ src/integrations/prefect-dask/tests/test_task_runners.py:104:31: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `submit` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `PrefectFuture[Unknown]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-dask/tests/test_task_runners.py:130:31: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `submit` is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `PrefectFuture[Unknown]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-dask/tests/test_task_runners.py:459:17: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-dask/tests/test_task_runners.py:485:17: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:461:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:461:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:535:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:535:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:610:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:610:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:685:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:685:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:760:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:760:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:835:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, Unknown | None]` is not awaitable
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/cli/commands.py:835:21: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | None | Coroutine[Any, Any, None | Unknown]` is not awaitable
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:94:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:94:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
- src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:99:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_variables | str | int | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-dbt/prefect_dbt/core/settings.py:99:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_variables | dict[str, Any]` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-docker/tests/test-project/flow.py:31:9: error[no-matching-overload] No overload matches arguments
- src/integrations/prefect-docker/tests/test_worker.py:1459:13: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `def tracking_set_flow_run_state(flow_run_id, state, **kwargs) -> Unknown` is not assignable to attribute `set_flow_run_state` of type `def set_flow_run_state[T](self, flow_run_id: UUID | str, state: State[T@set_flow_run_state], force: bool = False) -> CoroutineType[Any, Any, OrchestrationResult[T@set_flow_run_state]]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-docker/tests/test_worker.py:1459:13: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `def tracking_set_flow_run_state(flow_run_id, state, **kwargs) -> CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `set_flow_run_state` of type `def set_flow_run_state[T](self, flow_run_id: UUID | str, state: State[T@set_flow_run_state], force: bool = False) -> CoroutineType[Any, Any, OrchestrationResult[T@set_flow_run_state]]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-email/tests/test_message.py:48:25: error[no-matching-overload] No overload matches arguments
- src/integrations/prefect-kubernetes/tests/test_worker.py:99:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `current_time` on type `def mock_sleep(duration: int | float) -> Unknown`.
+ src/integrations/prefect-kubernetes/tests/test_worker.py:99:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `current_time` on type `def mock_sleep(duration: int | float) -> CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]`.
+ src/integrations/prefect-ray/tests/test_task_runners.py:475:28: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-ray/tests/test_task_runners.py:476:28: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-ray/tests/test_task_runners.py:478:17: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-ray/tests/test_task_runners.py:479:17: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-ray/tests/test_task_runners.py:480:17: error[no-matching-overload] No overload of bound method `submit` matches arguments
+ src/integrations/prefect-sqlalchemy/prefect_sqlalchemy/database.py:651:44: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `dict[str, Any]`, found `Literal[False]`
+ src/integrations/prefect-sqlalchemy/prefect_sqlalchemy/database.py:697:44: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `dict[str, Any]`, found `Literal[False]`
- src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:86:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:86:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
- src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:87:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_variables | str | int | ... omitted 4 union elements` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/cli/deploy/_core.py:87:21: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `T@resolve_variables` is not assignable to `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/cli/dev.py:90:19: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Path`
+ src/prefect/cli/dev.py:106:19: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Path`
+ src/prefect/cli/dev.py:123:19: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `Path`
- src/prefect/deployments/runner.py:795:70: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__name__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | (((...) -> Any) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object))`
+ src/prefect/deployments/runner.py:795:70: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__name__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | ((...) -> Any)`
- src/prefect/deployments/steps/core.py:137:38: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 4 union elements`
+ src/prefect/deployments/steps/core.py:137:38: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:812:32: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | R@FlowRunEngine | Coroutine[Any, Any, R@FlowRunEngine]` is not awaitable
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1401:24: error[invalid-await] `Unknown | R@AsyncFlowRunEngine | Coroutine[Any, Any, R@AsyncFlowRunEngine]` is not awaitable
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1482:43: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `next` is incorrect: Expected `SupportsNext[Unknown]`, found `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_sync`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1490:21: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `throw` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_sync`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1524:44: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `__anext__` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_async`
+ src/prefect/flow_engine.py:1531:25: warning[possibly-missing-attribute] Attribute `throw` may be missing on object of type `Unknown | R@run_generator_flow_async`
- src/prefect/flows.py:286:34: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `((**P@Flow) -> R@Flow) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object)` has no attribute `__name__`
+ src/prefect/flows.py:286:34: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `(**P@Flow) -> R@Flow` has no attribute `__name__`
- src/prefect/flows.py:404:68: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `((**P@Flow) -> R@Flow) & ((*args: object, **kwargs: object) -> object)` has no attribute `__name__`
+ src/prefect/flows.py:404:68: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `(**P@Flow) -> R@Flow` has no attribute `__name__`
- src/prefect/flows.py:1265:20: warning[redundant-cast] Value is already of type `Flow[(...), Any]`
- src/prefect/flows.py:1750:53: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
+ src/prefect/server/models/flow_runs.py:582:15: error[missing-argument] No argument provided for required parameter `db`
+ src/prefect/server/models/task_runs.py:556:15: error[missing-argument] No argument provided for required parameter `db`
+ src/prefect/tasks.py:1822:21: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Task[P@serve, R@serve]`, found `Self@serve`
+ src/prefect/tasks.py:1822:21: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Task[P@serve, R@serve]`, found `Self@serve`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:320:13: error[invalid-assignment] Invalid subscript assignment with key of type `object` and value of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 4 union elements` on object of type `dict[str, Any]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:320:13: error[invalid-assignment] Invalid subscript assignment with key of type `object` and value of type `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]` on object of type `dict[str, Any]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:323:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`, found `list[T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 5 union elements]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:323:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`, found `list[T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | Unknown]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:437:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `dict[object, T@resolve_variables | str | int | ... omitted 5 union elements]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:437:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `dict[object, T@resolve_variables | Unknown]`
- src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:442:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `list[T@resolve_variables | str | int | ... omitted 5 union elements]`
+ src/prefect/utilities/templating.py:442:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `list[T@resolve_variables | Unknown]`
- src/prefect/workers/base.py:232:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any] | str | ... omitted 4 union elements`
+ src/prefect/workers/base.py:232:13: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `T@resolve_variables`, found `T@resolve_block_document_references | dict[str, Any]`
- src/prefect/workers/base.py:234:20: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument expression after ** must be a mapping type: Found `T@resolve_variables | str | int | ... omitted 4 union elements`
+ src/prefect/workers/base.py:234:20: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument expression after ** must be a mapping type: Found `T@resolve_variables`
- Found 5358 diagnostics
+ Found 5382 diagnostics

dd-trace-py (https://github.com/DataDog/dd-trace-py)
- ddtrace/_trace/tracer.py:842:20: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `AnyCallable@wrap`, found `AnyCallable@wrap | _Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`
+ ddtrace/_trace/tracer.py:842:20: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `AnyCallable@wrap`, found `AnyCallable@wrap | _Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]] | _Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`
+ ddtrace/contrib/internal/ray/patch.py:128:9: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `str | None`
+ ddtrace/contrib/internal/ray/patch.py:374:9: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `str | None`
+ ddtrace/contrib/internal/ray/patch.py:464:9: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `str | None`
- ddtrace/vendor/psutil/_common.py:485:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_activate` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ ddtrace/vendor/psutil/_common.py:485:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_activate` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (self), Unknown]`.
- ddtrace/vendor/psutil/_common.py:486:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_deactivate` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ ddtrace/vendor/psutil/_common.py:486:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_deactivate` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (self), Unknown]`.
+ tests/contrib/aiomysql/test_aiomysql.py:249:15: error[invalid-method-override] Invalid override of method `tearDown`: Definition is incompatible with `TestCase.tearDown`
+ tests/contrib/asyncpg/test_asyncpg.py:414:15: error[invalid-method-override] Invalid override of method `tearDown`: Definition is incompatible with `TestCase.tearDown`
- tests/internal/symbol_db/test_symbols.py:280:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `staticmethod[(...), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `_upload_context` of type `def _upload_context(context: ScopeContext) -> None`
+ tests/internal/symbol_db/test_symbols.py:280:5: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `staticmethod[(context), Unknown]` is not assignable to attribute `_upload_context` of type `def _upload_context(context: ScopeContext) -> None`
- tests/internal/test_utils_inspection.py:54:24: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `undecorated` is incorrect: Expected `FunctionType`, found `_Wrapper[(...), Unknown]`
+ tests/internal/test_utils_inspection.py:54:24: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `undecorated` is incorrect: Expected `FunctionType`, found `_Wrapper[(), Unknown]`
- tests/internal/test_wrapping.py:295:10: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `(...) -> _AsyncGeneratorContextManager[Unknown, None]` has no attribute `__wrapped__`
+ tests/internal/test_wrapping.py:295:10: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `() -> _AsyncGeneratorContextManager[Unknown, None]` has no attribute `__wrapped__`
- Found 8444 diagnostics
+ Found 8449 diagnostics

bokeh (https://github.com/bokeh/bokeh)
- src/bokeh/plotting/_decorators.py:67:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ src/bokeh/plotting/_decorators.py:67:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (self, *args, **kwargs), Unknown]`.
- src/bokeh/plotting/_decorators.py:91:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ src/bokeh/plotting/_decorators.py:91:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (self, *args, **kwargs), Unknown]`.
- src/bokeh/server/session.py:110:12: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `F@_needs_document_lock`, found `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`
+ src/bokeh/server/session.py:110:12: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `F@_needs_document_lock`, found `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (self: ServerSession, *args, **kwargs), CoroutineType[Any, Any, Unknown]]`

ibis (https://github.com/ibis-project/ibis)
+ ibis/backends/impala/__init__.py:1014:33: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `ListFunction`
+ ibis/backends/impala/__init__.py:1022:33: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `str`, found `ListFunction`
- ibis/common/dispatch.py:117:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `dispatch` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ ibis/common/dispatch.py:117:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `dispatch` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (arg, *args, **kwargs), Unknown]`.
- ibis/common/dispatch.py:118:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `register` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ ibis/common/dispatch.py:118:5: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `register` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (arg, *args, **kwargs), Unknown]`.
+ ibis/expr/types/relations.py:3793:16: error[missing-argument] No argument provided for required parameter `right` of bound method `__call__`
- Found 4615 diagnostics
+ Found 4618 diagnostics

jax (https://github.com/google/jax)
+ jax/experimental/array_serialization/serialization_test.py:317:30: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `submit` is incorrect: Expected `int`, found `float`
- Found 2807 diagnostics
+ Found 2808 diagnostics

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/io/formats/excel.py:1013:17: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `_write_cells` is incorrect: Expected `Never`, found `Iterable[ExcelCell]`
- Found 3784 diagnostics
+ Found 3785 diagnostics

static-frame (https://github.com/static-frame/static-frame)
- static_frame/core/bus.py:671:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemLocReduces[Bus[Any], object_]`, found `InterGetItemLocReduces[Bus[Any] | TypeBlocks | Batch | ... omitted 6 union elements, object_]`
+ static_frame/core/bus.py:671:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemLocReduces[Bus[Any], object_]`, found `InterGetItemLocReduces[Bus[Any] | Bottom[Index[Any]] | Bottom[Series[Any, Any]] | ... omitted 6 union elements, object_]`
- static_frame/core/node_selector.py:526:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemLocReduces[TVContainer_co@InterfaceSelectQuartet, Any]`, found `InterGetItemLocReduces[Bottom[Series[Any, Any]] | Unknown, Any]`
+ static_frame/core/node_selector.py:526:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemLocReduces[TVContainer_co@InterfaceSelectQuartet, Any]`, found `InterGetItemLocReduces[Unknown | Bottom[Series[Any, Any]], Any]`
- static_frame/core/series.py:772:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemILocReduces[Series[Any, Any], TVDtype@Series]`, found `InterGetItemILocReduces[Series[Any, Any] | Bottom[Index[Any]] | TypeBlocks | ... omitted 6 union elements, TVDtype@Series]`
- static_frame/core/series.py:4072:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemILocReduces[SeriesHE[Any, Any], TVDtype@SeriesHE]`, found `InterGetItemILocReduces[Bottom[Series[Any, Any]] | Bottom[Index[Any]] | TypeBlocks | ... omitted 7 union elements, TVDtype@SeriesHE]`
+ static_frame/core/series.py:4072:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemILocReduces[SeriesHE[Any, Any], TVDtype@SeriesHE]`, found `InterGetItemILocReduces[Bottom[Series[Any, Any]] | TypeBlocks | Batch | ... omitted 7 union elements, TVDtype@SeriesHE]`
- static_frame/core/yarn.py:418:16: error[invalid-return-type] Return type does not match returned value: expected `InterGetItemILocReduces[Yarn[Any], object_]`, found `InterGetItemILocReduces[Yarn[Any] | Bottom[Index[Any]] | TypeBlocks | ... omitted 6 union elements, object_]`
- Found 1838 diagnostics
+ Found 1836 diagnostics

scikit-learn (https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn)
+ sklearn/tests/test_config.py:81:24: error[too-many-positional-arguments] Too many positional arguments: expected 0, got 1
+ sklearn/tests/test_config.py:85:24: error[unknown-argument] Argument `do_something_else` does not match any known parameter
- Found 2433 diagnostics
+ Found 2435 diagnostics

sympy (https://github.com/sympy/sympy)
- sympy/testing/pytest.py:200:19: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def wrapper() -> Unknown`
+ sympy/testing/pytest.py:200:19: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def wrapper() -> Unknown`
- sympy/testing/pytest.py:212:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
+ sympy/testing/pytest.py:212:28: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
- sympy/testing/pytest.py:223:24: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
+ sympy/testing/pytest.py:223:24: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
- sympy/testing/pytest.py:234:24: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
+ sympy/testing/pytest.py:234:24: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def func_wrapper() -> Unknown`
- sympy/utilities/memoization.py:36:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_length` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ sympy/utilities/memoization.py:36:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `cache_length` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (n), Unknown]`.
- sympy/utilities/memoization.py:37:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `fetch_item` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ sympy/utilities/memoization.py:37:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `fetch_item` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (n), Unknown]`.

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
- pandas-stubs/_typing.pyi:1232:16: warning[unused-ignore-comment] Unused blanket `type: ignore` directive
- Found 5160 diagnostics
+ Found 5159 diagnostics

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/advantage_air/__init__.py:69:43: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]`, found `DataUpdateCoordinator[None]`
+ homeassistant/components/hvv_departures/binary_sensor.py:123:27: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `None` has no attribute `items`
+ homeassistant/components/iammeter/sensor.py:146:13: error[not-subscriptable] Cannot subscript object of type `None` with no `__getitem__` method
+ homeassistant/components/iammeter/sensor.py:147:21: error[not-subscriptable] Cannot subscript object of type `None` with no `__getitem__` method
+ homeassistant/components/iammeter/sensor.py:151:28: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `__init__` is incorrect: Expected `DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]`, found `DataUpdateCoordinator[None]`
+ homeassistant/components/iammeter/sensor.py:156:28: error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to bound method `__init__` is incorrect: Expected `DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]`, found `DataUpdateCoordinator[None]`
+ homeassistant/components/schluter/climate.py:74:42: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `None` has no attribute `items`
+ homeassistant/components/supla/__init__.py:123:36: error[unresolved-attribute] Object of type `None` has no attribute `items`
+ homeassistant/components/tesla_wall_connector/__init__.py:71:42: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any] | None]` is not assignable to `DataUpdateCoordinator[dict[str, Any]]`
- Found 14475 diagnostics
+ Found 14484 diagnostics

scipy (https://github.com/scipy/scipy)
- scipy/fft/_helper.py:76:17: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def next_fast_len(target, real=False) -> Unknown`
- scipy/fft/_helper.py:143:17: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def prev_fast_len(target, real=False) -> Unknown`
+ scipy/fft/_helper.py:76:17: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(target, real=False), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def next_fast_len(target, real=False) -> Unknown`
+ scipy/fft/_helper.py:143:17: error[invalid-assignment] Object of type `_Wrapped[(target, real=False), Unknown, (...), Unknown]` is not assignable to `def prev_fast_len(target, real=False) -> Unknown`
- scipy/stats/_axis_nan_policy.py:713:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (...), Unknown]`.
+ scipy/stats/_axis_nan_policy.py:713:9: error[unresolved-attribute] Unresolved attribute `__signature__` on type `_Wrapped[(...), Unknown, (*args, *, _no_deco=False, **kwds), Unknown]`.
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:684:18: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:684:18: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:685:18: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:685:18: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:773:36: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:773:36: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:808:17: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:808:17: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:842:17: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:842:17: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:919:20: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `int` is not callable
+ scipy/stats/_sampling.py:919:20: error[call-non-callable] Object of type `float` is not callable
- Found 8054 diagnostics
+ Found 8066 diagnostics

No memory usage changes detected ✅

astral-sh-bot · 2026-01-06T21:40:53Z

`ecosystem-analyzer` results

Lint rule	Added	Removed	Changed
`invalid-argument-type`	30	0	5
`unresolved-attribute`	4	0	22
`invalid-assignment`	1	0	15
`call-non-callable`	12	0	0
`invalid-return-type`	2	0	10
`no-matching-overload`	9	0	0
`possibly-missing-attribute`	4	0	1
`invalid-method-override`	3	0	0
`missing-argument`	3	0	0
`invalid-await`	2	0	0
`not-subscriptable`	2	0	0
`unsupported-operator`	2	0	0
`unused-ignore-comment`	1	1	0
`not-iterable`	1	0	0
`redundant-cast`	0	1	0
`too-many-positional-arguments`	1	0	0
`unknown-argument`	1	0	0
Total	78	2	53

Full report with detailed diff (timing results)

carljm · 2026-01-07T00:07:00Z

The new diagnostics on aioredis and asynq are true positives. Aioredis is because we now have a better idea of the return type of an un-annotated async def. Asynq I'm still working to understand how this PR fixes it, but it's clear the diagnostics are true positives. Still looking at other ecosystem impacts...

carljm · 2026-01-07T01:19:09Z

Ok, the root cause of the asynq changes is that this PR fixed ParamSpec inference in cases where the callable we are inferring the ParamSpec from had an un-annotated return type. Adding a test for this.

The root cause of the home-assistant core changes appears to be the same, but in this case it tickles what looks like a pre-existing bug (most likely astral-sh/ty#2131 ) which causes a wrong specialization of a typevar to None.

carljm · 2026-01-07T01:43:31Z

The new tornado diagnostic is a true positive, it also come from understanding that an async def always returns a CoroutineType, even if un-annotated.

carljm · 2026-01-07T02:17:39Z

The new scipy diagnostics are interesting. They are true positives (barring some improvement we might want to make in astral-sh/ty#1248 for untyped heterogenous dicts); the question is why they show up newly in this PR. It seems to have something to do with having lambdas (which are inferred as callables with no return type) in the value type of the dictionary; this previously caused us to short-circuit typevar solving somehow and just return Unknown from the .get() call. I'm not 100% sure why we previously had that bug -- but in any case it is fixed by this PR.

The other ecosystem hits all look like variations on the things already mentioned. So I think this PR might slightly raise priority on astral-sh/ty#2131, but I'm not seeing anything blocking in the ecosystem report.

Gankra

Seems like a great simplification. I don't think I ever even saw the Coroutine change, I assume it fell out of not early-returning on a None somewhere?

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/display.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/resources/mdtest/generics/pep695/paramspec.md

AlexWaygood

So much better!

crates/ty_ide/src/completion.rs

crates/ty_ide/src/signature_help.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/call/bind.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/class.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/property_tests/type_generation.rs

crates/ty_python_semantic/src/types/signatures.rs

carljm added the ty Multi-file analysis & type inference label Jan 6, 2026

carljm force-pushed the cjm/no-return-callable branch 2 times, most recently from 22f5aa2 to 5a35fd2 Compare January 6, 2026 20:46

AlexWaygood changed the title ~~Make signature return and parameter types non-optional~~ [ty] Make signature return and parameter types non-optional Jan 6, 2026

carljm force-pushed the cjm/no-return-callable branch from 5a35fd2 to 6aad0a3 Compare January 6, 2026 21:09

carljm force-pushed the cjm/no-return-callable branch from 6aad0a3 to e7d8ad0 Compare January 6, 2026 21:34

carljm added the ecosystem-analyzer label Jan 6, 2026

carljm force-pushed the cjm/no-return-callable branch from e7d8ad0 to b78fe87 Compare January 6, 2026 23:41

carljm mentioned this pull request Jan 7, 2026

Intersection of ~type and ~Callable[..., Unknown] fails all_type_pairs_are_assignable_to_their_union astral-sh/ty#2363

Closed

carljm marked this pull request as ready for review January 7, 2026 02:18

carljm requested review from AlexWaygood, Gankra, MichaReiser, dcreager and sharkdp as code owners January 7, 2026 02:18

Gankra approved these changes Jan 7, 2026

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dhruvmanila reviewed Jan 7, 2026

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carljm added 5 commits January 7, 2026 07:41

[ty] don't allow return type of a signature to be optional

a2156d5

[ty] Make Parameter.annotated_type non-optional

7f1c57b

add a test for return type of un-annotated async functions

751702a

add a test for paramspec inference with un-annotated return type

f092771

review comments

264090c

carljm force-pushed the cjm/no-return-callable branch from 2c2ff5b to 264090c Compare January 7, 2026 16:19

carljm merged commit 3090249 into main Jan 7, 2026
48 checks passed

carljm deleted the cjm/no-return-callable branch January 7, 2026 17:18

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carljm commented Jan 6, 2026 •

edited by dhruvmanila

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