This PR adds support for the ranking ROW_NUMBER() window function in Apache Pinot. ROW_NUMBER() requires ROW type window function support rather than RANGE type for which we added support in Phase 1. This PR sets up a potential framework to use ROW type window functions but only implements this for ROW_NUMBER(). ROW_NUMBER() can be used in the following types of queries:

• Empty OVER()(s) with some select column [see limitations below]
• OVER(ORDER BY)(s)
• OVER(PARTITION BY)(s)
• OVER(PARTITION BY ORDER BY)(s)

There are some limitations with ROW_NUMBER() which are:

• Apache Calcite enforces the window function type to ROW. Due to the lack of support for multiple window groups today, ROW_NUMBER() cannot be combined with other window aggregation functions in the same query.
• Queries which use an empty OVER() without any other column results in Apache Calcite not projecting any columns. E.g. query: SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER() from table;. I've added a TODO to look into how to get Apache Calcite to project at least one column in this scenario.
  • See ProjectWindowTransposeRule to better understand what's happening here. Basically it tries to push a Project below the Window, but finds no input fields referenced. Due to this it creates an empty Project below the Window. The Project above the Window gets marked as trivial and is removed resulting in the following type of plan:

Query: SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER() FROM a

Execution Plan
LogicalWindow(window#0=[window( rows between UNBOUNDED PRECEDING and CURRENT ROW aggs [ROW_NUMBER()])])
  LogicalExchange(distribution=[hash])
    LogicalProject
      LogicalTableScan(table=[[a]])

The design document and issue for window functions support can be found below:

• Design document for Phase 1: https://docs.google.com/document/d/13CmFm4djI09JKF_Xty5acoXxJoxC9CLXAsmikgzgtIs/edit?usp=sharing
• Window functions Issue: [multistage] Support Window Functions #7213

Prior Phase 1 PRs related to window functions:

• Window Function Planner PR: [multistage] Initial (phase 1) query planner support for window functions #10228
• Window Functions Runtime PR for empty OVER() and OVER(PARTITION BY): [multistage] Initial (phase 1) Query runtime for window functions - empty OVER() and OVER(PARTITION BY) #10286
• Adding ordering as a part of the SortExchange: [multistage] Implement ordering for SortExchange #10408
• Window Functions Runtime PR for OVER(ORDER BY) and OVER(PARTITION BY ORDER BY): [multistage] Initial (phase 1) Query runtime for window functions with ORDER BY within the OVER() clause #10449

cc @siddharthteotia @walterddr @vvivekiyer @ankitsultana