[Vectorized][Feature] fix core dump when using function override and function alias at the same time && support substr(str,int) override - #7640

Proposed changes

Close related #7639 (replace it with issue number if it exists).

@HappenLee @zbtzbtzbt

Types of changes

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• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
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Checklist

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• I have created an issue on (Fix [Vectorized][Feature] fix core dump when using function override and function alias at the same time && support substr(str,int) override  #7639) and described the bug/feature there in detail
• Compiling and unit tests pass locally with my changes
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• If these changes need document changes, I have updated the document
• Any dependent changes have been merged

Further comments

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