[branch-56] feat: Add expr_adapter_factory getter and with_expr_adapter_factory setter on ListingTable (backport #27317) - #27369

…etter on ListingTable (apache#27317)

Closes apache#27314.

In `ListingTable`, swapping or wrapping the `PhysicalExprAdapterFactory`
of an existing table currently requires manually unpacking individual
fields to construct a `ListingTableConfig` and calling
`ListingTable::try_new(config)`. This is verbose, discards runtime table
state (such as file statistics cache, table definitions, constraints,
and column defaults), and redundantly re-evaluates schemas and
fingerprints.

While `ListingTableConfig` provides `with_expr_adapter_factory`,
`ListingTable` was missing the matching getter and setter after
`SchemaAdapterFactory` was replaced by `PhysicalExprAdapterFactory`.

1. Added `pub fn expr_adapter_factory(&self) -> Option<&Arc<dyn
PhysicalExprAdapterFactory>>` to `ListingTable`.
2. Added `pub fn with_expr_adapter_factory(mut self,
expr_adapter_factory: Arc<dyn PhysicalExprAdapterFactory>) -> Self` to
`ListingTable`.
3. Added unit test in `datafusion/catalog-listing/src/table.rs`
verifying adapter assignment, retrieval, and replacement on cloned
tables without mutating the original table.

Yes, tested via `test_with_expr_adapter_factory` in
`datafusion-catalog-listing`. Verified clean formatting (`cargo fmt`)
and zero clippy warnings.

(cherry picked from commit 51960db)