Filter stats should ensure column-level stats are consistent with filter #22716

Describe the bug

#21081 capped the NDV at the row count in statistics computation for several operations, including filters. In the filter case, there's some additional work to ensure column stats are consistent after applying a filter:

• Null count should also be capped at the row count
• byte_size should be scaled down by the filter selectivity

Furthermore, we can detect when a predicate is NULL-rejecting; for null-rejecting predicates like a = 10, we can set the null_count to 0.

To Reproduce

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Expected behavior

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Additional context

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