fix(ai): restrict Bedrock cache checkpoints to Claude - #47660

Issue for this PR

No linked issue.

Type of change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Refactor / code improvement
• Documentation

What does this PR do?

Converse requests currently emit explicit cache checkpoints for every model when automatic caching is enabled. Models without checkpoint support can reject those requests.

• Limit automatic and manual checkpoints to Claude, with a five-minute default. Nova and other model families use implicit caching where available.
• Recognize new Claude releases by family instead of listing release IDs. Hardcode only legacy support and five-minute-only exceptions; modern models accept one hour when requested.
• Handle regional/global prefixes and model-bearing ARNs. Opaque profiles omit checkpoints because their underlying model is unknown.

How did you verify your code works?

• 194 tests passed across the cache policy, Converse, cache defaults and legacy exceptions, recorded cache write/read, and Mantle suites. Coverage includes unlisted future Claude generations and family names.
• bun typecheck passed in packages/ai.
• Formatting and diff checks passed. Lint reported no errors and seven existing warnings.

Screenshots / recordings

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Checklist

• I have tested my changes locally
• I have not included unrelated changes in this PR