Agent World Model

Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

Zhaoyang Wang¹, Canwen Xu², Boyi Liu², Yite Wang², Siwei Han¹,
Zhewei Yao², Huaxiu Yao¹, Yuxiong He²

¹UNC-Chapel Hill   ²Snowflake AI Research  

Agent World Model (AWM) is a fully synthetic environment generation pipeline that synthesizes 1,000 executable, SQL database-backed tool-use environments exposed via unified MCP interface for large-scale multi-turn agentic reinforcement learning.

---

📣 News

• Mar 16, 2026: we added the verification demo, please refer to Verification section!
• Feb 10, 2026: we open-sourced the synthesis pipeline, 1,000 synthesized environments and RL trained agents at Huggingface!

🎯 Overview

The AWM synthesis pipeline incldues:

1. Start from a high-level scenario (e.g., "an online shopping platform")
2. Generate user tasks that serve as functional requirements
3. Synthesize a SQLite database (schema + sample data) as the state backend
4. Generate a Python interface layer (FastAPI + MCP) as the action/observation space
5. Generate verification code that inspects database state changes for reward signals

🔮 Resources

We released the syntheszied 1,000 executable environments and corresponding tasks, databases, and verification in huggingface. Please checkout huggingface repo at Snowflake/AgentWorldModel-1K.

Resource	Link
📄 Paper	📄 arxiv.org/abs/2602.10090
💻 Code	💻 Snowflake-Labs/agent-world-model
📦 AgentWorldModel-1K	🤗 Snowflake/AgentWorldModel-1K
🤖 Arctic-AWM-4B	🤗 Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-4B
🤖 Arctic-AWM-8B	🤗 Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-8B
🤖 Arctic-AWM-14B	🤗 Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-14B

If you want to directly use our synthesized environments, please download by

hf download Snowflake/AgentWorldModel-1K --repo-type dataset --local-dir ./outputs/

Then you can skip to Environment Management and Agent Demo to start using the environments with the agent demo.

📦 Setup

Run uv sync to setup the python environment. And set your LLM API credentials:

# OpenAI or any other compatible services
export AWM_SYN_LLM_PROVIDER="openai"
export OPENAI_API_KEY="your-api-key"
# optional, if you are using a custom base url
export OPENAI_BASE_URL="http://xxxxxx"

# Azure OpenAI
export AWM_SYN_LLM_PROVIDER="azure"
export AZURE_ENDPOINT_URL="https://your-endpoint.openai.azure.com/"
export AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY="your-api-key"

# configure the model/LLM for synthesis
export AWM_SYN_OVERRIDE_MODEL="your-model-name such as gpt-5"

🔥 Synthesis

AWM CLI

All synthesis is exposed through the awm command-line tool. Run awm --help to see available commands:

awm --help

Available commands:
  gen        Synthesis pipeline commands
  ├── scenario   Generate scenario names from seed set
  ├── task       Generate user tasks per scenario
  ├── db         Generate database schema and create SQLite databases
  ├── sample     Generate and insert sample data into databases
  ├── spec       Generate API specification for each scenario
  ├── env        Generate MCP environment code
  ├── verifier   Generate verification code for tasks
  └── all        Run the full synthesis pipeline
  env        Environment management commands
  ├── start      Start MCP server for a scenario
  ├── check      Check if an MCP server is running and list its tools
  ├── check_all  Check all generated environments
  └── reset_db   Reset databases to initial state
  agent      Run a tool-use agent to solve a task by interacting with the environment
  verify     Verify agent run outputs using code-augmented LLM-as-a-Judge or purely code-based Judge

Use awm <command> --help to see options for any command, e.g. awm gen task --help.

Step 1: Scenario Generation

We start with a seed set of scenarios and generate 1,000 unique scenario descriptions. Note that only the names are used as seeds; the descriptions are included in the seed file for ease of use.

export EMBEDDING_OPENAI_API_KEY="your-api-key for the embedding model"

awm gen scenario \
    --input_path outputs/seed_scenario.jsonl \
    --output_path outputs/gen_scenario.jsonl \
    --target_count 1000

Step 2: Task Generation

We generate 10 tasks per scenario, which are also serving as the requirements for building the environment.

awm gen task \
    --input outputs/gen_scenario.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_tasks.jsonl

Step 3: Database Synthesis

We define the database schema and complete the initial state to fully support the generated tasks.

# database schema
awm gen db \
    --input outputs/gen_tasks.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_db.jsonl

# sample data for initial state
awm gen sample \
    --input_task outputs/gen_tasks.jsonl \
    --input_db outputs/gen_db.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_sample.jsonl

Step 4: Interface Synthesis

We first generate API spec for better generating the Python code of the environment in MCP interface.

# API spec (interface schema)
awm gen spec \
    --input_task outputs/gen_tasks.jsonl \
    --input_db outputs/gen_db.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_spec.jsonl

# Environment code
awm gen env \
    --input_spec outputs/gen_spec.jsonl \
    --input_db outputs/gen_db.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_envs.jsonl

Step 5: Verification Synthesis

We provide two options for verification:

1. code-augmented LLM-as-a-Judge (sql)
2. purely code-based Judge (code)

awm gen verifier \
    --mode sql \
    --input_task outputs/gen_tasks.jsonl \
    --output outputs/gen_verifier.jsonl

Environment Management

Run and check each environment. The MCP endpoint will be available at http://localhost:8001/mcp.

# Reset databases to initial state
awm env reset_db \
    --input_db outputs/gen_db.jsonl \
    --input_sample outputs/gen_sample.jsonl

# Start MCP server for a scenario
awm env start \
    --scenario "scenario_name" \
    --envs_load_path outputs/gen_envs.jsonl \
    --port 8001

# Check if MCP server is running
awm env check --url http://localhost:8001/mcp

# Batch test all generated environments
awm env check_all --output outputs/gen_envs.jsonl

Agent Demo

AWM includes a simple agent demo that connects to an MCP environment to solve tasks via multi-turn tool calling. Please start the environment and use vLLM to serve the model before running the agent.

# serve the model
vllm serve Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-4B --host 127.0.0.1 --port 8000

# start the environment, this will create an isolated folder outputs/servers/<timestamp> to save the environment related files such as initial.db, final.db, and etc.
awm env start --scenario e_commerce_33 --envs_load_path outputs/gen_envs.jsonl --port 8001

# run the agent
awm agent \
    --task "show me the top 10 most expensive products" \
    --mcp_url http://localhost:8001/mcp \
    --api_url http://localhost:8000/v1 \
    --model Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-4B

Verification

AWM supports two types of verification:

1. sql, the recommended code-augmented LLM-as-a-Judge (requires LLM env vars, see Setup section)
2. code, purely code-based Judge

# launch an isolated environment and run the agent to finish the task of corresponding scenario
awm agent \
    --scenario e_commerce_33 \
    --task_id 0 \
    --api_url http://localhost:8000/v1 \
    --model Snowflake/Arctic-AWM-4B

# after interaction, the trajectory will be saved to outputs/agents/<timestamp>, we can verify it by
awm verify --input outputs/agents/<timestamp> --mode sql

Citation

If you find this work useful, please kindly cite:

@article{wang2026agentworldmodelinfinity,
      title={Agent World Model: Infinity Synthetic Environments for Agentic Reinforcement Learning}, 
      author={Zhaoyang Wang and Canwen Xu and Boyi Liu and Yite Wang and Siwei Han and Zhewei Yao and Huaxiu Yao and Yuxiong He},
      year={2026},
      eprint={2602.10090},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.AI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10090}, 
}