22title : " 查询网络元素"
33linkTitle : " 查询器"
44weight : 2
5- needsTranslation : true
65aliases : [
76" /documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/" ,
87" /zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/locating_elements/"
@@ -11,11 +10,11 @@ description: >
1110 根据提供的定位值定位元素.
1211---
1312
14- One of the most fundamental aspects of using Selenium is obtaining element references to work with.
15- Selenium offers a number of built-in [ locator strategies] ({{< ref "locators.md" >}}) to uniquely identify an element.
16- There are many ways to use the locators in very advanced scenarios. For the purposes of this documentation,
17- let's consider this HTML snippet:
1813
14+ 使用 Selenium 最基本的特点之一是获取可用于操作的元素引用。
15+ Selenium 提供了许多内置的 [ 定位策略] ({{< ref "locators.md" >}})，用于唯一标识元素。
16+ 在更复杂的场景中，可以用多种方式使用这些定位器。为了本篇文档的目的，
17+ 我们来考虑下面的 HTML 片段：
1918
2019``` html
2120<ol id =" vegetables"
@@ -30,17 +29,18 @@ let's consider this HTML snippet:
3029</ul >
3130```
3231
33- ## First matching element
32+ ## 第一个匹配的元素
3433
35- Many locators will match multiple elements on the page. The singular find element method will return a reference to the
36- first element found within a given context.
34+ 许多定位器会匹配页面上的多个元素。
35+ 单个的 find element 方法会返回在给定上下文中找到的第一个元素的引用。
3736
38- ### Evaluating entire DOM
37+ ### 在整个 DOM 中查找
3938
40- When the find element method is called on the driver instance, it
41- returns a reference to the first element in the DOM that matches with the provided locator.
42- This value can be stored and used for future element actions. In our example HTML above, there are
43- two elements that have a class name of "tomatoes" so this method will return the element in the "vegetables" list.
39+ 当在 driver 实例上调用 find element 方法时，
40+ 它会返回 DOM 中与所提供定位器匹配的第一个元素的引用。
41+ 该引用可以被保存并用于后续的元素操作。
42+ 在上面的示例 HTML 中，有两个 class 名称为 "tomatoes" 的元素，
43+ 因此此方法会返回位于 "vegetables" 列表中的那个元素。
4444
4545{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
4646 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
@@ -64,14 +64,17 @@ val vegetable: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.className("tomatoes"))
6464{{< /tabpane >}}
6565
6666
67- ### Evaluating a subset of the DOM
6867
69- Rather than finding a unique locator in the entire DOM, it is often useful to narrow the search to the scope
70- of another located element. In the above example there are two elements with a class name of "tomatoes" and
71- it is a little more challenging to get the reference for the second one.
68+ ### 在 DOM 的子集内评估
7269
73- One solution is to locate an element with a unique attribute that is an ancestor of the desired element and not an
74- ancestor of the undesired element, then call find element on that object:
70+ 与其在整个 DOM 中寻找唯一的定位器，
71+ 通常更有用的是将搜索范围缩小到另一个已定位元素的作用域内。
72+ 在上面的示例中，有两个 class 名为 "tomatoes" 的元素，
73+ 因此要获取第二个元素的引用会更具挑战性。
74+
75+ 一种解决办法是先定位一个具有唯一属性的元素，
76+ 该元素是目标元素的祖先但不是非目标元素的祖先，
77+ 然后在该对象上调用 ` find element ` ：
7578
7679{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
7780 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
@@ -100,18 +103,16 @@ val fruit = fruits.findElement(By.className("tomatoes"))
100103{{< /tabpane >}}
101104
102105{{% pageinfo color="info" %}}
103- ** Java and C#** <br >
104- ` WebDriver ` , ` WebElement ` and ` ShadowRoot ` classes all implement a ` SearchContext ` interface, which is
105- considered a _ role-based interface_ . Role-based interfaces allow you to determine whether a particular
106- driver implementation supports a given feature. These interfaces are clearly defined and try
107- to adhere to having only a single role of responsibility.
106+ ** Java 和 C#** <br >
107+ ` WebDriver ` 、` WebElement ` 和 ` ShadowRoot ` 类都实现了 ` SearchContext ` 接口，
108+ 该接口被视为一种 _ 基于角色的接口_ 。基于角色的接口可以让你判断特定的驱动实现是否支持某项功能。
109+ 这些接口定义清晰，并尽量遵循单一职责原则。
108110{{% /pageinfo %}}
109111
110- ### Evaluating the Shadow DOM
112+ ### 评估 Shadow DOM
111113
112- The Shadow DOM is an encapsulated DOM tree hidden inside an element.
113- With the release of v96 in Chromium Browsers, Selenium can now allow you to access this tree
114- with easy-to-use shadow root methods. NOTE: These methods require Selenium 4.0 or greater.
114+ Shadow DOM 是隐藏在元素内部的封装 DOM 树。
115+ 自 Chromium 浏览器在 v96 发布后，Selenium 已支持通过易用的 shadow root 方法访问该树。注意：这些方法需要 Selenium 4.0 或更高版本。
115116
116117{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
117118{{< badge-examples >}}
@@ -143,16 +144,16 @@ shadow_content = shadow_root.find_element(css: '#shadow_content')
143144{{< /tab >}}
144145{{< /tabpane >}}
145146
146- ### Optimized locator
147+ ### 优化后的定位器
147148
148- A nested lookup might not be the most effective location strategy since it requires two
149- separate commands to be issued to the browser.
149+ 嵌套查找可能不是最有效的定位策略，
150+ 因为它需要向浏览器发送两次独立的命令。
150151
151- To improve the performance slightly, we can use either CSS or XPath to find this element in a single command.
152- See the [ Locator strategy suggestions ] ({{< ref "/documentation/test_practices/encouraged/locators" >}}) in our
153- [ Encouraged test practices ] ({{< ref "/documentation/test_practices/encouraged" >}}) section.
152+ 为略微提升性能，我们可以使用 CSS 或 XPath，在一次命令中定位到该元素。
153+ 请参阅本节中关于 [ 定位策略建议 ] ({{< ref "/documentation/test_practices/encouraged/locators" >}})的说明
154+ 以及 [ 推荐的测试实践 ] ({{< ref "/documentation/test_practices/encouraged" >}})。
154155
155- For this example, we'll use a CSS Selector:
156+ 在本例中，我们将使用 CSS 选择器：
156157
157158{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
158159 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
@@ -176,12 +177,12 @@ val fruit = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#fruits .tomatoes"))
176177{{< /tabpane >}}
177178
178179
179- ## All matching elements
180180
181- There are several use cases for needing to get references to all elements that match a locator, rather
182- than just the first one. The plural find elements methods return a collection of element references.
183- If there are no matches, an empty list is returned. In this case,
184- references to all fruits and vegetable list items will be returned in a collection.
181+ ## 所有匹配的元素
182+
183+ 在某些情况下，需要获取与定位器匹配的所有元素的引用，而不是仅获取第一个。
184+ 复数形式的 ` find elements ` 方法会返回一组元素引用。如果没有匹配项，则返回空列表。
185+ 在本例中，将返回所有水果和蔬菜列表项的引用集合。
185186
186187{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
187188 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
@@ -204,9 +205,9 @@ val plants: List<WebElement> = driver.findElements(By.tagName("li"))
204205 {{< /tab >}}
205206{{< /tabpane >}}
206207
207- ### Get element
208- Often you get a collection of elements but want to work with a specific element, which means you
209- need to iterate over the collection and identify the one you want.
208+ ### 获取元素
209+ 有时你会得到一组元素，但想操作其中某个特定元素，
210+ 这意味着需要遍历该集合并找到目标元素。
210211
211212
212213{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
@@ -300,10 +301,10 @@ fun main() {
300301 {{< /tab >}}
301302{{< /tabpane >}}
302303
303- ## Find Elements From Element
304+ ## 从元素查找子元素
304305
305- It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element.
306- To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with ' findElements' to access child elements
306+ 用于在父元素的上下文中查找匹配的子 WebElement 列表。
307+ 为此，可在父 WebElement 上链式调用 ` findElements ` 来访问子元素。
307308
308309{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
309310 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
@@ -434,9 +435,9 @@ namespace FindElementsFromElement {
434435 {{< /tab >}}
435436{{< /tabpane >}}
436437
437- ## Get Active Element
438+ ## 获取活动元素
438439
439- It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.
440+ 用于跟踪或查找当前浏览上下文中具有焦点的 DOM 元素。
440441
441442{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}}
442443 {{< tab header="Java" >}}
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