Fixes #3540 .

Summary/Motivation:

This adds additional guards to calculate_variable_from_constraint() to catch OverflowError exceptions when evaluating the constraint during the initial linear test and during the line search.

Changes proposed in this PR:

• Guard against OverflowError exceptions during function evaluations
• Add test (from calculate_variable_from_constraint is unreliable for exponential functions #3540)

Legal Acknowledgement

By contributing to this software project, I have read the contribution guide and agree to the following terms and conditions for my contribution:

1. I agree my contributions are submitted under the BSD license.
2. I represent I am authorized to make the contributions and grant the license. If my employer has rights to intellectual property that includes these contributions, I represent that I have received permission to make contributions and grant the required license on behalf of that employer.