Changes proposed in this Pull Request

• Major improvement to the OSM-based electricity grid
• build_osm_network completely rewritten:
  • Use of OSM relations, where available and where a single linestring could be extracted to replace member ways
  • substantial speed improvements
  • Exact locations of original substations are preserved
  • Lines with identical geometries and voltages are aggregated (num_parallel is increased)
  • Lines overpassing "virtual nodes" (not actual substations as per OSM raw data) are merged, if their electric properties allow it (same voltage levels, same number of circuits)
  • Geometries are preserved. Method to extend line/link to the substation has been improved significantly. No "mess" inside of a substation cluster anymore.
  • Method to determine substation point improved, based on "Pole of Inaccessibility" (PoI) method developed by Garcia-Castellanos & Lombardo 2007, doi.org/10.1080/14702540801897809 which ensures that an interior point in non-convex shapes is always found.
  • Clustering resolution has been sharpened from 5000 meter radius to only 500 meters, while still ensuring topological connectivity.
  • Single bus for each voltage level in each substation. Buses of different voltages are arranged in geometric shape (three buses form a triangle, see screenshot)
  • Transformers now have a capacity s_nom based on the maximum of connected capacity connected to each bus
  • Resolves many issues related around cross-border capacity, especially if the substation was located close to a border. @lindnemi @toniseibold @JulianGeis @nworbmot

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it works as intended.
• Done here: Updated to osm-network version 0.5 #1387
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Changed dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in config/config.default.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are documented in doc/configtables/*.csv.
• Sources of newly added data are documented in doc/data_sources.rst.
• A release note doc/release_notes.rst is added.