DECLARE @Thing date = GETDATE();
SELECT 'date' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO


DECLARE @Thing datetime2(5) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetime2(5)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing datetime2(1) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetime2(1)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing datetime2(0) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetime2(0)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO

 
DECLARE @Thing datetimeoffset = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetimeoffset' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing datetimeoffset(5) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetimeoffset(5)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing datetimeoffset(1) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetimeoffset(1)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing datetimeoffset(0) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'datetimeoffset(0)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO

 
DECLARE @Thing decimal = 1;
SELECT 'decimal' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO


DECLARE @Thing time = GETDATE();
SELECT 'time' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing time(5) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'time(5)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing time(1) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'time(1)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO
 
DECLARE @Thing time(0) = GETDATE();
SELECT 'time(0)' AS [DataType],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Scale') AS [Scale],
       SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@Thing, 'Precision') AS [Precision];
GO

DECLARE @Table TABLE (c1 BIT)
INSERT INTO @Table (c1) VALUES (1);
SELECT SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(tmp.c1, 'BaseType') AS [Bit]
FROM   @Table tmp;