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Bump mockito-core from 4.3.1 to 4.4.0#511

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pethers merged 1 commit intomasterfrom
dependabot/maven/org.mockito-mockito-core-4.4.0
Mar 9, 2022
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Bump mockito-core from 4.3.1 to 4.4.0#511
pethers merged 1 commit intomasterfrom
dependabot/maven/org.mockito-mockito-core-4.4.0

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@dependabot dependabot bot commented on behalf of github Mar 9, 2022

Bumps mockito-core from 4.3.1 to 4.4.0.

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Sourced from mockito-core's releases.

v4.4.0

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4.4.0

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Bumps [mockito-core](https://github.com/mockito/mockito) from 4.3.1 to 4.4.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/mockito/mockito/releases)
- [Commits](mockito/mockito@v4.3.1...v4.4.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: org.mockito:mockito-core
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
@dependabot dependabot bot added the dependencies Pull requests that update a dependency file label Mar 9, 2022
@secureflag-knowledge-base
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Open Redirect

Click here to find a Open Redirect training lab

Description

Open Redirects, otherwise known as Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards, are a class of vulnerability made possible when a web application, comprised of insufficient input-validation controls, is manipulated into redirecting unwitting users of the application to a malicious, attacker-controlled URL.

This type of exploit is popular with criminals involved in phishing and credential theft, unsurprising given the false layer of trust attributed to the fact that the modified link and the original site share the same server name.

Read more

Impact

There are many overlapping techniques criminals employ to dupe unwitting victims into handing over their hard-earned cash. One of these methods is undoubtedly betting on the misplaced trust many of us place in familiar server names. This write-up exemplifies how even the most arguably well-known URL of all, https://www.google.com, can be taken advantage of via its redirection facility.

In addition, Open Redirect vulnerabilities can:

  • Lead to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks if the redirect uses data: or javascript: protocols;
  • Potentially circumvent Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) filters;
  • Nullify allow list effectiveness in some cases to bypass Content Security Policy (CSP);
  • Lead to Carriage Return and Line Free (CRFL) attacks if line breaks are present in the destination parameter.

Scenarios

As outlined above, attackers often use this attack as it 'hijacks' the trust users place in a well-known URL.

Here's a topical example from 2021; if the target domain is www.covidvaccinations.com, an attacker might craft the following URL:

http://www.covidvaccinations.com/redirect.php?url=http://attackerwebsite.com

Attackers send links like the one above in phishing campaigns in the hopes that they will lure a victim into clicking on the link.

Prevention

The following measures can be applied to either eliminate or drastically reduce the potential for Open Redirect exploitation:

  • If they aren't necessary, don't use redirects and forwards!
  • In cases where they are required, do not allow the URL as user input for the destination;
  • When user input is unavoidable, validate the supplied value, its appropriateness for the application, and ensure it is authorized for the user:
    • This can be a fiddly task, so closely adhere to best practices and ensure continued maintenance.
  • If possible, force the user to provide an ID or token that is mapped server-side to a complete target URL;
  • Input sanitization should be implemented by creating an allow list of trusted URLs determined by host or regex.

Testing

Verify that URL redirects and forwards only allow destinations which appear on an allow list, or show a warning when redirecting to potentially untrusted content.

View this in the SecureFlag Knowledge Base

@secure-code-warrior-for-github

Micro-Learning Topic: Unvalidated redirect (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "Unvalidated Redirect"

What is this? (2min video)

This vulnerability refers to the ability of an attacker to arbitrarily perform a redirection (external) or forward (internal) against the system. It arises due to insufficient validation or sanitisation of inputs used to perform a redirect or forward and may result in privilege escalation (in the case of a forward) or may be used to launch phishing attacks against users (in the case of redirects).

Try this challenge in Secure Code Warrior

Micro-Learning Topic: Open redirect (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "Open Redirect"

What is this? (2min video)

This vulnerability refers to the ability of an attacker to arbitrarily perform a redirection (external) or forward (internal) against the system. It arises due to insufficient validation or sanitisation of inputs used to perform a redirect or forward and may result in privilege escalation (in the case of a forward) or may be used to launch phishing attacks against users (in the case of redirects).

Try this challenge in Secure Code Warrior

Micro-Learning Topic: Cross-site scripting (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "XSS"

What is this? (2min video)

Reflected cross-site scripting vulnerabilities occur when unescaped input is displayed in the resulting page displayed to the user. When HTML or script is included in the input, it will be processed by a user's browser as HTML or script and can alter the appearance of the page or execute malicious scripts in their user context.

Try this challenge in Secure Code Warrior

Micro-Learning Topic: Server-side request forgery (Detected by phrase)

Matched on "Server-Side Request Forgery"

What is this? (2min video)

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities are caused when an attacker can supply or modify a URL that reads or sends data to the server. The attacker can create a malicious request with a manipulated URL, when this request reaches the server, the server-side code executes the exploit URL causing the attacker to be able to read data from services that shouldn't be exposed.

Try this challenge in Secure Code Warrior

@pethers pethers merged commit 8fe75a2 into master Mar 9, 2022
@dependabot dependabot bot deleted the dependabot/maven/org.mockito-mockito-core-4.4.0 branch March 9, 2022 12:08
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